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User:Allahverdi Verdizade

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Laboya

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Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Voiceless p t k ʔ
Plosive Voiced b ɟ ɡ
Implosive ɓ ɗ ʄ
Affricate (t͡ʃ)
Trill r
Fricative (s) h
Lateral
Approximant w j

Western Yugur

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  • To the left in the cell: notation found in Roos (2010).
  • In the center: IPA values.
  • To the right: proposed orthography for Wiktionary. The caron ˇ stands for palatalization; accent ◌̀ /◌́ is placed over the preceding/following vowel and stands for aspiration. The direction of the upper end of the accent is indicating where the ʰ should be (pre- or postaspiration). This is reduntant from the phonemic point of view, but will enable the construction of an automatic IPA-module. For this purpose, <h> cannot be used for aspiration, since there is also a phonemic /h/.
  • If only one character is found in a cell, then all three are identical
Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n <ŋ> ŋ <ñ>
Plosive voiceless aspirated <pʰ> <p◌̀ /◌́ > <tʰ> t◌̀ /◌́ <kʰ> <k◌̀ / ◌́ > <qʰ> <q◌̀ / ◌́ >
plain voiceless

p

t k q
Affricate voiceless aspirated <cʰ> (t͡sʰ) <ts◌̀ /◌́ > <c̨ʰ> ʈ͡ʂʰ <ç◌̀ /◌́ > <ɕʰ> c͡çʰ <č◌̀ /◌́ >
plain voiceless <c> t͡s <ts> <c̨> ʈ͡ʂ <ç> <ɕ> c͡ç <č>
Fricative voiceless (f) s <ʂ>ʂ <ş> ç <x̌> x h
voiced z <ʐ> ʐ <j> <ɣ> ɣ <ğ>
Trill r
Approximant l j <y> w

Sample words

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s̯ in s̯oɣïl stands for voiceless palatal fricative (see the thumbnail in the table above) which is represented by LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CURL used in Roos (2010) and which cannot be represented here using Unicode.

Roos (2010) IPA Proposed Gloss
pïʰtïr pɯʰtɯr pítır 'last year'
iʰt iʰt i̇́t 'meat'
kʰip kʰip ki̇̀p 'custom'
aʰti ɑʰti áti 'small'
iʰtikti= iʰtikti i̇́tikti 'to carry in one's shirt'
eʰt= eʰt ét 'to arrive'
sen sen sen 'you'
pezïk pezɯk pezık 'big'
temïr temɯr temır 'iron'
c̨ʰoke= ʈ͡ʂʰoke çòke 'to sit'
semen semen semen 'food'
tʰeke tʰeke tèke 'male goat'
kʰeleke kʰeleke kèleke 'shade'
tʰeŋïlïk tʰeŋɯlɯk tèñılık 'blind'
pʰeɣ pʰeɣ pèğ 'chief'
ezer ezer ezer 'saddle'
ewer ewer ewer 'ghost'
nɑɣʂe nɑɣʂe nağşe 'what to do?'
kuziɣï kuziɣɯ kuziğı 'husband'
tɑʰqï tɑʰqɯ táqı 'yet'
qïʰrq= qɯʰrq qírq 'to shave'
qïʰqïr= qɯʰqɯr qíqır 'to shout'
iʰɕinti iʰc͡çinti i̇́činti 'in it'
qʰulɑq qʰulɑq qùlaq 'ear'
s̯oɣïl çoɣɯl x̌oğıl 'to bake'
ɕorɣɑwɑʂ c͡çorɣɑwɑʂ Čorğawaş Chorgawash (a name)

Sample text

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The text is the first 7 lines of the text no. 14, 'Semsehlchin', Roos (2010 p. 259)

Pítır oríkel ışkı čazı par itı. Pırınti pır yiğıt par iti. Pu čazınıñ anásı yiğıtıñki yáş itı, kèlnıñki yáş itı. Eni pır čazı yiğıtıñki pusax̌iña, kèlnıñkima jıq itı. Antaqantaya pır kùnki étkintiya átısqıla mañqantu, tàğ artqa. Antaqanta átısqıla mañqantaya naqı pır čazı yiğıtıñki áhtı mıntırğı pòsın mantırğa qılışın mantırğa, naqı mañqantı. Pu pır čazı áttı mıntırmın ku qaylağa mañqantı.

X-sampa for Azerbaijani

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Vowels

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X-SAMPA IPA Description
A ɑ open back unrounded vowel
{ æ near-open front unrounded vowel
9 œ open-mid front rounded vowel
M ɯ close back unrounded vowel

Consonants

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X-SAMPA IPA Description
S ʃ Voiceless postalveolar fricative
G ɣ voiced velar fricative
5 ɫ velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e
d_Z d͡ʒ Voiced postalveolar affricate
d_z d͡z Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate
tS) t͡ʃ Voiceless postalveolar affricate
ts) t͡s Voiced postalveolar affricate
X χ Voiceless uvular fricative

Other

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X-SAMPA IPA Description
: ː long
" ˈ primary stress