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{{about|the Ann Arbor campus}}
{{infobox University
|name= University of Michigan
|image_name= Umichigan color seal.png
|motto= ''Artes, Scientia, Veritas''
|mottoeng= Arts, Knowledge, Truth
|endowment= [[United States dollar|US $]]7.6 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]<ref name="endowment"/>
|president= [[Mary Sue Coleman]]
|established= 1817
|type= [[Flagship university|Flagship]]<br>[[Public university|Public]]<br>[[Sea grant colleges|Sea grant]]<br>[[Space grant colleges|Space grant]]
|calendar = Trimester
|staff=
|faculty= 6,238
|students= 41,042<ref name="enrollment" />
|undergrad= 26,083<ref name="enrollment" />
|postgrad= 14,959<ref name="enrollment" />
|colors= [[corn (color)|Maize]] and [[Sapphire (color)|Blue]]
<span style="background-color:#Fcd116;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color:#002654;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
|nickname=[[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverine]]s
|city= [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], [[Michigan]]
|country= [[United States|U.S.]]
|campus= {{convert|3176|acre|km2}}<br>[[Summation|Total]]: {{convert|20965|acre|km2}}, including arboretum
|free_label= Sports
|free= [[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]
|website= [http://www.umich.edu www.umich.edu]
|logo= [[Image:UofMichigan logo.png|180px|]]
}}
The '''University of Michigan, [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] ''' ('''U of M''', '''U-M''', '''UM''', '''UMich''', or simply '''Michigan''') is a [[public university|public]] research university<ref name="Carnegie classification">{{cite web | url=http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=14777&start=782 | title=University of Michigan-Ann Arbor | publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching | date=2007 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> located in the state of [[Michigan]]. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan system, which also includes two regional campuses in [[University of Michigan-Flint|Flint]] and [[University of Michigan-Dearborn|Dearborn]].


== OHIO STATE FTW ==
The university was founded in 1817 in [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, about 20 years before the territory of Michigan officially became a state.<ref name="university history">{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/general.php | title=University of Michigan Timelines: General University Timeline | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=July 5, 2007 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> The university moved to [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] in 1837 onto 40 acres (16 ha) of what is now known as Central Campus.<ref name="central campus history">{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/pres/history/markers/diag.html | title=The Central Forty and The Diag (1837) | year=2006 | publisher=University of Michigan History and Traditions Committee | accessdate=2007-04-29}}</ref> Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the university has physically expanded to include more than 500 major buildings with a combined area of more than 29 million square feet (664&nbsp;acres or 2.69&nbsp;km²),<ref name="campus size" /> and transformed its academic program from a strictly classical curriculum to one that includes science and research.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/research/um/umpresid.php | title=Presidents of the University of Michigan | date=November 15, 2008 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> During the 20th century and early 2000s, UM was the site of much [[student activism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/dissent/index.php | title=A Decade of Dissent: Student Protests at the University of Michigan in the 1960s | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=December 23, 2008 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> and was a focal point in the controversy over [[affirmative action]] within higher education admissions.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.npr.org/news/specials/michigan/ | title=Split Ruling on Affirmative Action | publisher=National Public Radio | date=June 23, 2003 | accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref>

Today, the university is a major research institution and is considered one of the original eight [[Public Ivy]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.jbhe.com/news_views/49_blackenrollment_publicivies.html | title=Comparing Black Enrollments at the Public Ivies | journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education | year=2005 | accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> Having graduated the largest number of living alumni at 460,000,<ref name = alumni/> the university covers four main geographical areas within Ann Arbor (Central, North, South, and Medical). UM owns the renowned [[University of Michigan Health System]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/health/best-hospitals/honorroll.htm | title=America's Best Hospitals 2006: Honor Roll | year=2007 | work=US News and World Reports | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> and has one of the largest research expenditures of any American university.<ref name= "FY06 Expenditures" /> Its athletic teams, called the Wolverines, are members of the [[Big Ten Conference]] and the [[Central Collegiate Hockey Association]]. The athletic program is known for its success in [[ice hockey]] and [[College football|football]],<ref name="football records" /> the latter of which plays in [[Michigan Stadium]], the largest college football-only stadium in the world.<ref name="Michigan Stadium" />

==History==
{{main|History of the University of Michigan}}
[[Image:JasperCropseyUniversityOfMichigan.jpg|thumb|''University of Michigan'' (1855) by [[Jasper Francis Cropsey]]]]
The University of Michigan was established in Detroit in 1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of [[Michigan Territory]]. The Rev. John Monteith was one of the university's founders and its first President. Ann Arbor had set aside 40&nbsp;acres (16&nbsp;ha) that it hoped would become the site for a new state capitol, but it offered this land to the university when [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]] was chosen as the state capital. The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837. The original 40&nbsp;acres became part of the current Central Campus.<ref name="central campus history" /> The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen and a sophomore, taught by two professors. Eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845.<ref name="university history" /> By 1866 enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were [[American Civil War|Civil War]] veterans, and women were first admitted in 1870.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/research/topics/gendersp.php | title=Suggested Research Topics - Gender and Social Space on the University Campus, 1870-1970 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=September 26, 2008 | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref> James B. Angell, who served as the university's president from 1871 to 1909, aggressively expanded UM's curriculum to include professional studies in [[dentistry]], [[architecture]], [[engineering]], [[government]], and [[medicine]]. UM also became the first American university to use the [[seminar]] method of study.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brubacher, John Seiler |title=Higher Education in Transition | date=July 1, 1997 | publisher=Transaction Publishers | pages=187|isbn=1-56000-917-9}}</ref>

From 1900 to 1920 many new facilities were constructed on campus, including facilities for the dental and pharmacy programs, a chemistry building, a building for the natural sciences, [[Hill Auditorium]], large hospital and library complexes, and two residence halls. The university fortified its reputation for research in 1920 by reorganizing the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] and forming a potent advisory committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a favorite alternative choice for Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s when the [[Ivy League]] schools were applying a quota to the number of Jews to be admitted.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.gladwell.com/2005/2005_10_10_a_admissions.html | title=Getting In | work=The New Yorker | date=October 10, 2005 | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> As a result, UM gained the nickname "Harvard of the West, which became commonly parodied in reverse after [[John F. Kennedy]] referred to himself as "a graduate of the Michigan of the East, Harvard University" in his speech proposing the formation of the [[Peace Corps]] while on the front steps of the Michigan Union.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=Learn.whatispc.history.speech | title=Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy | publisher=Peace Corps | date=October 14, 1960 | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], UM's research grew to include [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] projects such as [[proximity fuze]]s, [[PT boat]]s, and [[radar jamming]]. By 1950, enrollment had reached 21,000, of whom 7,700 were veterans supported by the [[G.I. Bill]]. As the [[Cold War]] and the [[Space Race]] took hold, UM became a major recipient of government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for [[nuclear energy]]. At present, much of that work, as well as research into alternative energy sources, is pursued via the Memorial Phoenix Project.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mmpei.umich.edu/about/ | title=MMPEI | year=2007 | publisher=Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy Institute | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref>

[[Image:MichiganCentralCampusDiag.jpg|thumb|left|The Central Campus Diag, viewed from the Graduate Library, looking North]]
On October 14, 1960, [[President of the United States|Presidential]] candidate John F. Kennedy proposed the concept of what became the [[Peace Corps]] on the steps of Michigan Union.<ref name="university history"/> [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s speech outlining his [[Great Society]] program also occurred at UM.<ref name="university history"/> Also during the 1960s, UM saw many protests by student groups. On March 24, 1965, a group of UM faculty members and 3,000 students held the nation's first ever faculty-led "teach-in" to protest against American policy in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/95/Oct95/mt11o95.html | title=Vietnam teach-in 30 years ago | author=Newman, Matthew | journal=Michigan Today | month=October | year=1995 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/bhl/exhibits/sixties/web_teachins.html | title=A Decade of Dissent:Teach-Ins | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=September 29, 2006 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> In response to a series of [[sit-in]]s in 1966 by ''Voice''&ndash;the campus political party of Students for a Democratic Society&ndash;UM's administration banned sit-ins. This stimulated 1,500 students to conduct a further one-hour sit-in the LSA Building, which then housed administrative offices. Former UM student and noted architect [[Alden B. Dow]] designed the current Fleming Administration Building, which was completed in 1968. The building's plans were drawn in the early 1960s, before student activism prompted a concern for safety. Nevertheless, the Fleming Building's narrow windows, all located above the first floor, and fortress-like exterior led to a campus rumor that it was designed to be riot-proof. Dow denied those rumors, claiming the small windows were designed to be energy efficient.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/04/06/CampusLife/Explained.Colemans.Castle-2827579.shtml | author=Holmes, Jake | title=Explained: Coleman's castle | work=The Michigan Daily | date=April 6, 2007 | accessdate=2008-04-06}}</ref>

During the 1970s, severe budget constraints challenged the university's physical development; however, the 1980s saw a surge in funds devoted to research in the social and physical sciences. Meanwhile, the university's involvement in the anti-missile [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] and investments in [[South Africa]] caused controversy on campus.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/week-daily-history-37 | title=This Week in Daily history | date=September 23, 2003 | work=The Michigan Daily | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Michiganensian Yearbook (Class of 1984) | publisher=University of Michigan | date=1984-1985 | pages=164}}</ref> During the 1980s and 1990s, the university devoted substantial resources to renovating its massive hospital complex and improving the academic facilities on the North Campus. The university also emphasized the development of computer and information technology throughout the campus.

In the early 2000s, UM also faced declining state funding due to state budget shortfalls. At the same time, the university attempted to maintain its high academic standing while keeping [[tuition]] costs affordable. There were also disputes between UM's administration and labor unions, notably with the Lecturers' Employees Organization (LEO) and the Graduate Employees Organization (GEO), the union representing graduate student employees. These conflicts led to a series of one-day walkouts by the unions and their supporters.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2005/03/25/News/Gsis-Walk.Out-1429731.shtml | title=GSIs walk out | author=Saini, Kjyot | date=March 25, 2005 | work=The Michigan Daily | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> The university is currently engaged in a 2.5 billion construction campaign.<ref name="Schneider">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/31/realestate/commercial/31michigan.html|title=A Rust Belt Oasis, the University of Michigan Is Spending Billions to Grow |last=Schneider|first=Keith |date=December 31, 2008|work=New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|pages=B6|accessdate=2008-12-31}}</ref>

[[Image:LawQuad.JPG|thumb|Law Quadrangle]]
In 2003, two lawsuits involving UM's [[affirmative action in the United States|affirmative action]] admissions policy reached the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] (''[[Grutter v. Bollinger]]'' and ''[[Gratz v. Bollinger]]''). President [[George W. Bush]] took the unusual step of publicly opposing the policy before the court issued a ruling.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030115-7.html |title=President Bush Discusses Michigan Affirmative Action Case |publisher=Office of the Press Secretary, White House |date=January 15, 2003 |accessdate=2008-12-27}}</ref> The court found that race may be considered as a factor in university admissions in all public universities and private universities that accept federal funding. However, a point system was ruled as being unconstitutional. In the first case, the court upheld the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]] admissions policy, while in the second it ruled against the university's undergraduate admissions policy. The debate still continues, however, because in November 2006 Michigan voters passed [[Michigan Civil Rights Initiative|Proposal 2]], banning most affirmative action in university admissions. Under that law race, gender, and national origin can no longer be considered in admissions.<ref name="NoAffirAct">{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002095.html | title=University of Michigan Drops Affirmative Action for Now | date=January 11, 2007 | author=[[Associated Press]] | work=The Washington Post | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref> UM and other organizations were granted a stay from implementation of the passed proposal soon after that election, and this has allowed time for proponents of affirmative action to decide legal and constitutional options in response to the election results. The university has stated it plans to continue to challenge the ruling; in the meantime, the admissions office states that it will attempt to achieve a diverse student body by looking at other factors such as whether the student attended a disadvantaged school, and the level of education of the student's parents.<ref name="NoAffirAct" />

==Campus==
[[Image:UM AA.png|thumb|Locations of the three main U-M campuses in Ann Arbor]]
The Ann Arbor campus is divided into four main areas: the North, Central, Medical, and South Campuses. The physical infrastructure includes more than 500 major buildings, with a combined area of more than 29 million square feet (664&nbsp;acres or 2.69&nbsp;km²).<ref name="campus size">{{cite web | url=http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf | title=Environmental Stewardship at the University of Michigan | year=2006 | publisher=University of Michigan Occupational Safety and Environmental Health | accessdate=2007-04-29|format=PDF}}</ref> The Central and South Campus areas are contiguous, while the North Campus area is separated from them, primarily by the [[Huron River (Michigan)|Huron River]]. There are also leased space in buildings scattered throughout the city, many occupied by organizations affiliated with the University of Michigan Health System. An East Medical Campus has recently been developed on Plymouth Road, with several university-owned buildings for outpatient care, diagnostics, and outpatient surgery.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.med.umich.edu/pcdv2/maps/dsp_maps.cfm?maplocation=AmbulatorySurgeryandMedicalProceduresCenter&hc_id=ASMPC | title=Street Map to Rachel Upjohn Building | publisher=University of Michigan Health System | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-25}}—The linked map shows the entire East Medical Campus.</ref>

In addition to the UM Golf Course on South Campus, the university operates a second golf course called "Radrick Farms Golf Course" on Geddes Road. The golf course is only open to faculty, staff, and alumni.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~radrick/ | title=Welcome to Radrick Farms Golf Course | publisher=University of Michigan | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> Another off-campus facility is the Inglis House, which the university has owned since the 1950s. The Inglis House is a 10,000 square foot (930&nbsp;m²) mansion used to hold various social events, including meetings of the board of regents, and to host visiting dignitaries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/inglis/ | title=The Inglis House Estate at the University of Michigan | author=Duderstadt, Anne | year=2007 | publisher=University of Michigan | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> The university also operates a large office building called Wolverine Tower in southern Ann Arbor near Briarwood Mall. Another major facility is the [[Matthaei Botanical Gardens]], which is located on the eastern outskirts of Ann Arbor.

All four campus areas are connected by bus services, the majority of which connect the North and Central Campuses. There is a shuttle service connecting the University Hospital, which lies between North and Central Campuses, with other medical facilities throughout northeastern Ann Arbor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pts.umich.edu/transit/bus_routes/index.html | title=Bus Routes & Medical Center Parking Express Shuttles | publisher=University of Michigan Parking & Transportation Services | year=2005 | accessdate=2007-05-27}}</ref>

===Central Campus===
[[Image:UMHillBurtonRackham.jpg|thumb|Hill Auditorium, Burton Tower, and the Rackham Building]]
Central Campus was the original location of UM when it moved to Ann Arbor in 1837. It originally had a school and dormitory building (where Mason Hall now stands) and several houses for professors on land bounded by North University Avenue, South University Avenue, East University Avenue, and State Street.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/pres/history/markers/diag.html | title=The Central Forty and The Diag (1837) | year=2006 | publisher=University of Michigan History and Traditions Committee | accessdate=2007-04-29}}</ref> Because Ann Arbor and Central Campus developed simultaneously, there is no distinct boundary between the city and university, and some areas contain a mixture of private and university buildings.

Central Campus is the location of the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science and the Arts]], and is immediately adjacent to the medical campus. Most of the graduate and professional schools, including the [[Ross School of Business]] and the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], are on Central Campus. Two prominent libraries, the [[University of Michigan Library#The Nineteen Libraries|Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library]] and the Shapiro Undergraduate Library which are connected by a [[skyway|skywalk]], are also on Central Campus, as well as [[Museums at the University of Michigan|museums]] housing collections in [[archeology]], [[anthropology]], [[paleontology]], [[zoology]], [[dentistry]], and art. Ten of the buildings on Central Campus were designed by Detroit-based architect [[Albert Kahn (architect)|Albert Kahn]] between 1904 and 1936. The most notable of the Kahn-designed buildings are the [[Burton Tower|Burton Memorial Tower]] and nearby [[Hill Auditorium]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/bhl/uarphome/archt.htm | title=A Chronology of University of Michigan Buildings, 1840-1999 | month=June | year=2002 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2007-05-27}}</ref>

===North Campus===
[[Image:UMNorthCampus.jpg|thumb|left|Much of North Campus has a modern architectural style]]
North Campus is the most contiguous campus, built independently from the city on a large plot of farm land—approximately 800&nbsp;acres (3.25&nbsp;km²)—that the university bought in 1952.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.engin.umich.edu/facilities/tour/ | title=North Campus Tour | publisher=Michigan Engineering | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-05-27}}</ref> It is newer than Central Campus, and thus has more [[modern architecture]], whereas most Central Campus buildings are classical or gothic in style. The architect [[Eero Saarinen]], based in [[Birmingham, Michigan]], created one of the early master plans for North Campus and designed several of its buildings in the 1950s, including the Earl V. Moore School of Music Building.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Carter, Brian | year=2000 | title=[http://www.tcaup.umich.edu/publications/dimensions/dimfourteen.html Eero Saarinen-Operational Thoroughness A Way of Working] | journal=Dimensions Volume Fourteen}}</ref> North and Central Campuses each have unique bell towers that reflect the predominant architectural styles of their surroundings. Each of the bell towers houses a grand [[carillon]]. The North Campus tower is called [[Lurie Tower]]. The University of Michigan's largest residence hall, Bursley Hall, is located on North Campus.

North Campus houses the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], the [[University of Michigan School of Music|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]], and Art and Design, the [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]], and an annex of the School of Information. The campus is served by the Duderstadt Center, which houses books on [[art]], [[architecture]], and [[engineering]]. The Duderstadt Center also contains multiple [[computer lab]]s, [[non-linear editing system|video editing]] studios, and a [[3D computer graphics|3D]] [[virtual reality]] room. Other libraries located on North Campus include the [[Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library]] and the [[Bentley Historical Library]].

===South Campus===
[[Image:Aerial view of University of Michigan bl000076 bhl.JPG|Aerial view of University of Michigan and [[Ferry Field]]|thumb]]
South Campus is the site for the athletic programs, including major sports facilities such as [[Michigan Stadium]], [[Crisler Arena]], and [[Yost Ice Arena]]. South Campus is also the site of the Buhr library storage facility (the collections of which are undergoing digitization by Google), the Institute for Continuing Legal Education, and the Student Theatre Arts Complex, which provides shop and rehearsal space for student theatre groups. The university's departments of public safety and transportation services offices are located on South Campus.

UM's golf course is located south of Michigan Stadium and Crisler Arena. It was designed in the late 1920s by [[Alister MacKenzie]], the designer of [[Augusta National Golf Club]] in [[Augusta, Georgia]] (home of [[The Masters Tournament]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://mgoblue.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=6084 | title=UM Golf Course | year=2006 | work=MGoBlue | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> The course opened to the public in the spring of 1931. The University of Michigan Golf Course was included in a listing of top holes designed by what ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' calls “golf’s greatest course architect.” The UM Golf Course’s signature No. 6 hole—a {{convert|310|yd|m|-1|sing=on}} par 4, which plays from an elevated tee to a two-tiered, kidney-shaped green protected by four bunkers—is the second hole on the Alister MacKenzie Dream 18 as selected by a five-person panel that includes three-time Masters champion [[Nick Faldo]] and golf course architect [[Tom Doak]]. The listing of “the best holes ever designed by Augusta National architect Alister MacKenzie” is featured in SI’s Golf Plus special edition previewing the Masters in April 4, 2006.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mgoblue.com/golf-m/article.aspx?id=41070 | title=U-M Golf Course Hole Listed Among MacKenzie's Best | work=MGoBlue | date=April 5, 2006 | accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref>

==Organization and administration==
{{seealso|President of the University of Michigan|Board of Regents of the University of Michigan}}
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;" width="300px"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''College/school founding'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/departmental.php | title=University of Michigan Timelines: Departmental History | date=November 4, 2008 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref>
|-
| '''College/school''' || '''Year founded'''
|-
| colspan="2" |<hr>
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science & Arts]] || 1841
|-
| [[University of Michigan Health System|School of Medicine]] || 1850
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] || 1854
|-
| [[University of Michigan Law School|School of Law]] || 1859
|-
| School of Dentistry || 1875
|-
| School of Pharmacy || 1876
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Music|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]]|| 1880
|-
| School of Nursing || 1893
|-
| [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning|A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning]] || 1906
|-
| Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies || 1912
|-
| [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]] || 1914
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Education|School of Education]] || 1921
|-
| [[Ross School of Business|Stephen M. Ross School of Business]] || 1924
|-
| School of Natural Resources & Environment || 1927
|-
| School of Public Health ||1941
|-
| School of Social Work || 1951
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]] || 1969
|-
| School of Art & Design || 1974
|-
| School of Kinesiology || 1984
|}
The University of Michigan comprises of a flagship campus in Ann Arbor, with two regional campuses in [[University of Michigan–Dearborn|Dearborn]] and [[University of Michigan-Flint|Flint]]. The Board of Regents, which governs the university and was established by the Organic Act of March 18, 1837, consists of eight members elected at large in biennial state elections<ref name=Hebel2004>{{harvnb|Hebel|2004}}</ref> for overlapping eight year terms.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://regents.umich.edu/about/ | title=About the Board of Regents | date=2008 | publisher=University of Michigan Board of Regents | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/regents/history.php | title=Regents of the University of Michigan: Historical Background | date=October 3, 2007 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> Between the establishment of the University of Michigan in 1837 and 1850, the Board of Regents ran the university directly; although they were, by law, supposed to appoint a Chancellor to administer the university, they never did. Instead a rotating roster of professors carried out the day-to-day administration duties.<ref name=Hinsdale1906_37>{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|p=37}}</ref>

The President of the University of Michigan is the principal executive officer of the university. The office was created by the [[Michigan Constitution]] of 1850, which also specified that the president was to be appointed by the Regents of the University of Michigan and preside at their meetings, but without a vote.<ref name=StateOfMichigan1850>{{harvnb|State of Michigan|1850}}, Article 13, section 8</ref> Today, the president's office is at the Ann Arbor campus, and the president has the privilege of living in the President's House, one of the university's oldest buildings located on Central Campus in Ann Arbor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/preshouse.php | title=President's House | date=October 3, 2007 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref>
There are thirteen undergraduate schools and colleges.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/undergrad.php | title=Undergraduate Studies | publisher=University of Michigan | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> By enrollment, the three largest undergraduate units are the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]], the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], and the [[Ross School of Business]].<ref name="size">{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_enrl.pdf | title=Enrollment by Degree Type and School/College | year=2008 | publisher=UM News Service | accessdate=2008-12-25|format=PDF}}</ref> At the graduate level, the Rackham Graduate School serves as the central administrative unit of graduate education at the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rackham.umich.edu/about_us/what_is_rackham/ | title=What is Rackham? | publisher=University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref> There are eighteen graduate schools and colleges, the largest of which are the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts and College of Engineering, the Law School, and the Ross School of Business. [[First professional degree|Professional degrees]] are conferred by the Schools of Dentistry, Law, [[University of Michigan Medical School|Medicine]], and Pharmacy.<ref name="size" /> The Medical School is partnered with the [[University of Michigan Health System]], which comprises the university's three hospitals, dozens of outpatient clinics, and many centers for medical care, research, and education.

===Endowment===
UM's [[financial endowment]] (the "University Endowment Fund") was valued at $5.65 billion in NACUBO's 2006 ranking.<ref name="endowment">{{cite news | author=Nelson, Gabe | url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/universitys-head-investment-officer-predicts-slowdown-endowment-returns | title=University's head investment officer predicts slowdown in endowment returns | work=The Michigan Daily | date=September 8, 2008}}</ref> It is the [[List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment|ninth largest]] endowment in the U.S. and the third-largest among U.S public universities, as well as the [[List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment#Certain institutions by endowment growth|fastest growing]] endowment in the nation over the last 21 years.<ref>{{cite news | author=Keenan, Matthew | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=afIqiSrR2HUY | title=Yale Posts Highest Endowment Returns, Topping Stanford, Harvard | date=November 22, 2005 | work=Bloomberg | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The endowment is primarily used according to the donors' wishes, which include the support of teaching and research. In mid-2000, UM embarked on a massive fund-raising campaign called "The Michigan Difference," which aimed to raise $2.5 billion, with $800 million dollars designated for the permanent endowment.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.giving.umich.edu/campaign/goals/index.html | title=Campaign Goals - The Michigan Difference | year=2005 | publisher=The University of Michigan Office of Development | accessdate=2005-12-30}}</ref> Slated to run through December 2008, the university announced that the campaign had reached its target 19 months early in May 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mlive.com/news/aanews/index.ssf?/base/news-22/117949939798070.xml&coll=2 | title=U-M's Michigan Difference campaign hits goal | author=Gershman, Dave | date=May 18, 2007 | work=Ann Arbor News | accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref>

===Student government===
[[Image:UMAngellHall.jpg|thumb|Central Campus: Angell Hall, one of the major buildings of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]
Housed in the Michigan Union, the [[Student_governments_in_the_United_States#University_of_Michigan|Michigan Student Assembly]] (MSA) is the central student government of the University. With representatives from each of the University's colleges and schools, the MSA represents students and manages student funds on the campus. The Michigan Student Assembly is a member of the statewide [[Association of Michigan Universities]]. In recent years MSA has organized airBus, a transportation service between campus and the [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]], and has led the university's efforts to register its student population to vote, with its Voice Your Vote Commission (VYV) registering 109,000 students in 2004. VYV also works to improve access to non-partisan voting-related information and increase student voter turnout.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.msa.umich.edu/mgovote2006/about.html | title=About Voice Your Vote | year=2007 | publisher=University of Michigan MSA | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> MSA has also been successful at reviving [[Homecoming]] activities, including a carnival and parade, for students after a roughly eleven-year absence in October 2007.<ref>{{cite news | author=Shubert, Cathe | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/09/19/StudentGovernment/Homecoming.Parade.Carnival.To.Return-2977420.shtml | title=Homecoming parade, carnival to return | work=The Michigan Daily | date=September 19, 2007 | accessdate=2008-04-06}}</ref>

There are student governance bodies in each college and school. The two largest colleges at the University of Michigan are the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LS&A) and the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]]. Students in the LS&A are represented by the LS&A Student Government (LSA SG). The University of Michigan Engineering Council (UMEC) manages student government affairs for the College of Engineering. In addition, the students that live in the residence halls are represented by the University of Michigan Residence Halls Association.

A longstanding goal of the student government is to create a student-designated seat on the Board of Regents, the university's governing body.<ref name="student regent">{{cite news | url=http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/jun/06-29-98/edit/edit1.html | title=Denied again: University should have a student regent | work=The Michigan Daily | date=June 29, 1998 | accessdate=2008-09-15}}</ref> Such a designation would achieve parity with other Big Ten schools that have student regents. In 2000, students Nick Waun and Scott Trudeau ran for the board on the state-wide ballot as third-party nominees. Waun ran for a second time in 2002, along with Matt Petering and Susan Fawcett.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0203/Oct21_02/14.shtml | title=Regent candidates discuss tuition, health care issues at forum | date=October 21, 2002 | work=The University Record Online | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> Although none of these campaigns been successful, a poll conducted by the State of Michigan in 1998 concluded that a majority of Michigan voters would approve of such a position if the measure were put before them.<ref name="student regent" /> A change to the board's makeup would require amending the [[Michigan Constitution]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-08-98/news/news20.html | title=Board of regents says no to MSA student regent campaign fee | author=Holmes, Erin | date=September 8, 1998 | work=The Michigan Daily | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>

==Academics==
{{Infobox US university ranking
| USNWR_NU = 26
| USNWR_LA =
| USNWR_Bus = 12
| USNWR_Law = 9
| USNWR_Medr = 11
| USNWR_Medc = 17
| USNWR_Eng = 9
| USNWR_Ed = 9
| ARWU_W = 21
| ARWU_N = 18
| ARWU_SCI = 22
| ARWU_ENG = 5
| ARWU_LIFE = 25
| ARWU_MED = 8
| ARWU_SOC = 10
| Newsweek =
| THES_W = 18
| THES_N = 13
| CMUP = 9
| Wamo = 6
}}
Accredited by the [[North Central Association of Colleges and Schools]],<ref name="student statistics" /> the University of Michigan is a large public, primarily residential research university with a majority of enrollments coming from undergraduate students.<ref name="Carnegie classification" /> The full-time four year undergraduate program is classified as "more selective" with a lower transfer-in rate. The undergraduate instructional program has an arts and sciences plus professions focus with high graduate student coexistence, while the graduate instructional program is classified as comprehensive doctoral which includes medical/veterinary sciences.<ref name="Carnegie classification" />

With more than 70% of UM's 200 major programs, departments, and schools ranked in the top 10 in the United States,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/%7Eoapainfo/TABLES/PDF/UMAA_Rankings.pdf | title=University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: Recent Rankings for Graduate & Professional Academic | date=July 13, 2005 | publisher=University of Michigan | accessdate=2007-11-14|format=PDF}}—an aggregation of rankings from sources such as ''U.S. News & World Reports'' and the National Research Council</ref> UM's academic reputation has led to its inclusion on Richard Moll's list of [[Public Ivies]].<ref>{{cite book | author=Moll, Richard. | title=The Public Ivys: America's Flagship Undergraduate Colleges | location=New York | publisher=Viking Adult | year=1985 | isbn=0-670-58205-0}}</ref> The university routinely has led in the number of [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Scholars]] in the late 1990s and 2000s,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=6118 | title=U-M national leader for 2007-2008 Fulbright Scholars | work=University of Michigan News Services | date=October 22, 2007 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2005/Nov05/r111405c | title=Fulbright fellowships: 29 U-M students awarded | work=University of Michigan News Services | date=November 14, 2005 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0405/Nov15_04/03.shtml | author=Seguine, Joel | title=18 students receive Fulbright award | work=The University Record Online | date=November 15, 2004 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/print.php?Releases/2004/Jun04/r061104 | title=U-M: 29 Fulbright winners | work=University of Michigan News Service | date=June 11, 2004 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1996/sep/09-17-96/news/news9.html | author=Powell, Stephanie | title=23 'U' Fulbright scholars to learn in foreign lands | work=The Michigan Daily | date=September 17, 1996 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> and has also matriculated 26 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]].<ref name="Rhodes">Fiona Rose became the 24th Rhodes Scholar from UM on December 6, 1997. Joseph Jewell, a UM engineering student, became a Rhodes Scholar in 2004. Abdulrahman El-Sayed, an UM MD/PhD student, became a Rhodes Scholar in 2008.<br>
*{{cite news | author=Paddock, Travis | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/9798/Dec17_97/fiona.htm | title=Fiona Rose is U's 24th Rhodes Scholar | work=University Record | date=December 17, 1997 | accessdate=2007-10-13}}
*{{cite news | author=Bates, Karl Leif | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0405/Dec06_04/05.shtml | title=Engineering student wins prestigious Rhodes Scholarship | work=The University Record Online | date=December 6, 2004 | accessdate=2007-11-03}}
*{{cite news | author=Serwach, Joe | url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=6858 | title=U-M dual MD/PhD student named Rhodes Scholar | work=University of Michigan News Service | date=November 24, 2008 | accessdate=2008-11-24}}</ref>

A concern about academics at UM is the high level of educational expenses for a public institution, especially for out-of-state undergraduate students, who pay between [[United States dollar|US $]]31,301 and $36,352 annually for tuition alone. In 2005, out-of-state tuition at UM was the most expensive in the United States for a public college or university.<ref>{{cite news | author=Sahadi, Jeanne | date=October 28, 2005 | url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/10/27/pf/college/priciest_colleges/index.htm | title=The 10 most expensive colleges | work=CNN/Money | accessdate=2007-11-14}}</ref> Conversely, in-state undergraduate students paid between US $10,447 and $14,442 annually.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_tuitfee_rates.pdf | title=Academic Year Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Students | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | date=July 19, 2007 | accessdate=2007-11-14|format=PDF}}</ref> Notwithstanding the quoted tuition levels, the university is attempting to increase financial aid availability to students. To that end, the university has built, as part of its larger university campaign, a greater than $1.4 billion endowment in order to support aid to students.<ref>{{cite news | author=Kroll, Andy | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2008/03/03/UAdministration/u.Defends.Financial.Aid.Endowment.Spending-3247402.shtml | title='U' defends financial aid endowment spending | work=The Michigan Daily | date=March 3, 2008 | accessdate=2008-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.giving.umich.edu/campaign/goals/index.html | title=Campaign Goals of UM School, Colleges, and Units | year=2006 | publisher=The University of Michigan Office of Development | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Serwach, Joe | date=August 14, 2006 | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0506/Aug14_06/00.shtml | title=M-PACT expansion replaces some loans with grants | work=The University Record Online | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>

===Student body profile===
The university has 26,083 [[undergraduate]] and 14,959 [[graduate student]]s<ref name="enrollment">{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~regoff/report/07fa102.pdf | title=University of Michigan-Enrollment by School and College, Gender, and Class Level For Term 1660 (Fall 2007) | date=September 24, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-24|format=PDF}}</ref> in 600 academic programs, and each year about 5,400 new students are enrolled out of almost 30,000 applicants, of which almost 42% are admitted.<ref name="freshman profiles">{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_freshprof.pdf | title=Freshman Class Profile | date=December 4, 2008 | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> Students come from all 50 [[U.S. state]]s and more than 100 countries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://admissions.umich.edu/prospective/index.html | title=Undergraduate Admissions - Prospective Students | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Admissions | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> 98% of the university's incoming class of 2006 earned a high school GPA of 3.0 and higher, while the middle 50% of the incoming class earned a high school GPA of 3.60 to 3.90.<ref name="freshman profiles" /><ref name="UM_common_data_set">{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_cds2005.pdf | title=University of Michigan - Common Data Set 2004–2005 (Page 11) | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | date=August 16, 2005 | accessdate=2007-03-23|format=PDF}}</ref> The middle 50% of applicants reported an [[SAT]] score of about 1920–2180 and an [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] score of 27–31, with [[Advanced Placement Program|AP]] credit granted to over 3000 freshmen students.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.admissions.umich.edu/fastfacts.html| title=Undergraduate Admissions - Fast Facts | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Admissions | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> Among full-time students, who make up about 96% of the student body, the university has a first-time student retention rate of 96%.<ref name="student statistics">{{cite web | url=http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Ann+Arbor&s=all&id=170976 | title=College Navigator - University of Michigan-Ann Arbor | publisher=National Center for Education Statistics | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref>

{| style="text-align:center; float: left; font-size:85%; margin-left: 2em;" align="center" class="wikitable"
|+ ''Demographics of student body''<ref>{{cite web | title=University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: Enrollment | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_enrl.pdf | publisher=University of Michigan | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref><ref>See [[Demographics of Michigan]] and [[Demographics of the United States]] for references.</ref>
! !! Undergraduate !! Graduate !! Michigan !! U.S. Census
|-
! [[African American]]
| 6.3% || 4.7% || 14.1% || 12.4%
|-
! [[Asian American]]
| 11.9% || 8.3% || 2.3% || 4.3%
|-
! [[White American]]
| 63.5% || 48.1% || 79.6% || 74.1%
|-
! [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic American]]
| 4.4% || 3.3% || 3.9% || 14.7%
|-
! [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
| <1% || <1% || 0.5% || 0.8%
|-
! [[International student]]
| 5.2% || 30.4% || N/A || N/A
|}
About 65% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]] (LS&A), while the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] has about 20%. Fewer than 3% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the [[Ross School of Business]]. The rest of the undergraduate students are enrolled in the smaller schools, including the School of Kinesiology, [[University of Michigan School of Nursing|School of Nursing]], the [[SNRE|School of Natural Resources and Environment]], and the [[University of Michigan School of Art and Design|School of Art and Design]].<ref name="size" /> Among undergraduates, 70% graduate with a bachelor's degree within four years, with 86% graduating within five years and 88% graduating within six years.<ref name="student statistics" /> Out of the eighteen graduate schools and colleges, most Master's level students are enrolled in the College of Engineering and the Ross School of Business, while most doctorate students attend the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, College of Engineering, and the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]]. Students pursuing [[First professional degree|professional degrees]] attend the Schools of Dentistry, Law, [[University of Michigan Medical School|Medicine]] (which has the highest enrollment among the schools granting professional degrees), and Pharmacy.<ref name="size" />

===Research===
{{seealso|List of University of Michigan faculty and staff}}
The university is one of the founding members (1900) of the [[Association of American Universities]]. With over 6,200 faculty members, 73 of whom are members of the [[United States National Academies|National Academy]] and 451 of whom hold an endowed chair in their discipline,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mup.asu.edu/research2004.pdf | title=The Top American Research Universities | month=December | year=2004 | publisher=The Center (University of Florida) | accessdate=2007-11-14|format=PDF}}</ref> the university manages one of the largest annual collegiate research budgets of any university in the United States, totaling about $775 million per annum from 2004 to 2005, and $797 million in 2006, $823 million as of year end 2007, and $876 million as of the academic year 2007/8.<ref name= "FY06 Expenditures">{{cite web | url=http://www.research.umich.edu/research_guide/annual_reports/FY06/FY06ResearchExpenditures.pdf | title=Annual Report on Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity at the University of Michigan FY2006 | date=January 18, 2007 | publisher=UM Research | accessdate=2007-11-14|format=PDF}}</ref> The Medical School spent the most at over US $333 million, while the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] was second at more than $131 million.<ref name= "FY06 Expenditures" /> UM also has a [[technology transfer]] office, which is the university conduit between laboratory research and corporate commercialization interests.

[[Image:UM Biomedical Sciences Building.jpg|thumb|Biomedical Science Research Building at the UM Medical School]]
UM helped develop one of the first university computer networks (the Merit Network)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merit.edu/about/history/article.php | title=Merit's History | publisher=Merit Network | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-09-15}}—A university press release called a demonstration of the network (with a connection between UM and Wayne State University) on December 14, 1971, as "a milestone in higher education" and an "historic event."</ref> and through UM-alumni [[Claude Shannon]] has made major contributions to the mathematics of [[information theory]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.eecs.umich.edu/shannonstatue/| title=Shannon Statue Dedicated at the University of Michigan | publisher=University of Michigan EECS | date=November 9, 2001 | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref> Other major contributions included the precursor to the [[National Science Foundation]] [[computer network]]ing backbone<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merit.edu/about/history/ | title=Merit Network: History | publisher=Merit Network | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> and the virtual memory model.<ref>{{cite journal | title=[https://www.msu.edu/~mrr/mycomp/mts/others/feat02.htm A History of MTS &mdash; 30 Years of Computing Service] | author=Topol, Susan | journal=University of Michigan Information Technology Digest | date=May 13, 1996}}</ref> The university is also a major contributor to the medical field with the [[Electrocardiogram|EKG]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.med.umich.edu/1busi/history.htm | title=History | publisher=University of Michigan Health System | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> [[gastroscope]],<ref>{{cite book | author=Marshall Cavendish Corporation | title=Inventors and Inventions | date=2008 | publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation | pages=928 | isbn=0761477616}}</ref> and the announcement of [[Jonas Salk]]'s polio vaccine. The university's {{convert|13000|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[University of Michigan Biological Station|biological station]] in the [[Northern Michigan|Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan]] is one of only 47 [[Biosphere reserve|Biosphere Reserves]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/contact.asp?code=USA | title=United States of America - Focal point for biosphere reserves | publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization | date=November 1, 2000 | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>

UM is home to the [[National Election Studies]] and the [[University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index]]. The [[Correlates of War]] project, also located at UM, is an accumulation of scientific knowledge about war. The university is also home to major research centers in [[optics]], reconfigurable manufacturing systems, [[wireless integrated microsystems]], and social sciences. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute and the Life Sciences Institute are located at the university. The Institute for Social Research (ISR), the nation's longest-standing laboratory for interdisciplinary research in the social sciences,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/ISR.pdf | title=Social Science in the Public Interest: A Fiftieth-Year History of the Institute for Social Research | author=Frantilla, Anne | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=September 1998 | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref> is home to the Survey Research Center, Research Center for Group Dynamics, Center for Political Studies, Population Studies Center, and Inter-Consortium for Political and Social Research. Undergraduate students are able to participate in various research projects through the [[Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program]] (UROP) as well as the UROP/Creative-Programs.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Gregerman, Sandra | year=2005 | title=[http://www.lsa.umich.edu/lsa/detail/0,2034,5377%255Farticle%255F7354,00.html UROP is First] | journal=LSA Magazine}}</ref>

The [[University of Michigan Library|UM library system]] comprises 19 individual libraries with 24 separate collections—roughly 8.27 million volumes, growing at the rate of 177,000 volumes a year.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/%7Eoapainfo/TABLES/PDF/Libraries.pdf | title=University of Michigan Libraries | date=January 11, 2005 | University of Michigan News Service | accessdate=2005-09-19|format=PDF}}</ref> UM was the original home of the [[JSTOR]] database, which contains about 750,000 digitized pages from the entire pre-1990 backfile of ten journals of history and economics. The university recently initiated a book digitization program in collaboration with [[Google]]. As of August 31, 2006, UM has rolled out the first phase of the Google archive retrieval.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mdp.lib.umich.edu/m/mdp/mdp-faq.htm | title=Frequently Asked Questions about MBooks at the University of Michigan | date=August 10, 2006 | publisher=University of Michigan - University Library | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref>

UM recently joined the [[Michigan State University]] and [[Wayne State University]] to create the [[University Research Corridor]]. This effort was undertaken to highlight the capabilities of the state's three leading research institutions and drive the transformation of Michigan's economy.<ref>{{cite news | author=Serwach, Joe | url=http://www.ur.umich.edu/0809/Sep22_08/00.php | title=URC fuels new industries | date=September 22, 2008 | work=University of Michigan News Service | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref>

==Student life==
===Residential life===
{{main|University of Michigan Housing}}
[[Image:MosherJordanUM.jpg|thumb|Mosher-Jordan Residence Hall]]
The University of Michigan has the sixth-largest campus housing system in the U.S. and the third-largest family housing operation, accommodating up to 12,562 people.<ref name="housing">{{cite web | url=http://www.housing.umich.edu/general/factsheet.html | title=Housing Fact Sheet | publisher=University of Michigan Housing | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> The residence halls are organized into three distinct groups: Central Campus, Hill Area (between Central Campus and the University of Michigan Medical Center) and North Campus. Family housing is located on North Campus and mainly serves graduate students. The largest residence hall has a capacity of 1,277 students, while the smallest accommodates 31 residents.<ref name="housing" /> A majority of upper-division and graduate students live in off-campus apartments, houses, and [[Housing cooperative|cooperatives]], with the largest concentrations in the Central and South Campus areas.

The residential system has a number of "living-learning communities" where academic activities and residential life are combined. These communities focus on areas such as research through the [[Michigan Research Community]], medical sciences, [[community service]] and the [[German language]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.housing.umich.edu/info/learncomm.html | title=Michigan Learning Communities | publisher=UM Undergraduate Housing | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> The [[Michigan Research Community]] is housed in Mosher-Jordan Hall. The [[Residential College, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor|Residential College]] (RC), a living-learning community that is a division of the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, also has its principal instructional space in East Quad. In 2006, the university approved plans for a new residence complex for 550 students on the northern corner of Central Campus. When completed, this residence complex will comprise a second living-learning community.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2005/Jan05/r012605c | title=North Quad to feature study of media, information technology | date=January 26, 2005 | work=University of Michigan News Service | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>

===Groups and activities===
[[Image:Michigan Union color.jpg|thumb|Michigan Union on Central Campus]]
There are more than 1150 student clubs and organizations at the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://uuis.umich.edu/maizepgs/ | title=University of Michigan Student Organizations - Maize Pages | publisher=University of Michigan Student Assembly | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-07-31}}</ref> With a history of student activism, some of the most visible groups include those dedicated to causes such as [[civil rights]] and [[labor rights]]. The most notable of these groups were [[Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)|Students for a Democratic Society]], which recently reformed with a new chapter on campus as of February 2007, the [[Weatherman (organization)|Weather Underground]], and Students for a Safer Ann Arbor. Though the student body generally leans toward [[left-wing politics]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Bakopoulos, Dean | url=http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1997/apr/04-17-97/week/arts21.html | title=Places I'll remember: A farewell to Ann Arbor | work=The Michigan Daily | date=April 17, 1997}}</ref> there are also conservative groups, such as [[Young Americans for Freedom|YAF]], non-partisan groups such as the Roosevelt Institution. There are also several engineering projects teams, including the [[University of Michigan Solar Car Team]], which placed first in the [[North American Solar Challenge]] five times and third in the [[World Solar Challenge]] three times.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.engin.umich.edu/solarcar/aboutus.html | title=UMSolar - About Us | publisher=UM Solar Car Team | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> [[Michigan Interactive Investments]] and the Michigan Economics Society<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mesclub.org/about.php | title=About MES | publisher=Michigan Economic Society | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> are also affiliated with the university. The university also showcases many community service organizations and charitable projects, including the University of Michigan Dance Marathon<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umdm.org | title=University of Michigan Dance Marathon | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-03-23}}</ref>, UM Stars for the Make-A-Wish Foundation, SERVE, Letters to Success, The Alliance for World AIDS Relief and Education (AWARE), PROVIDES, Circle K, [[The Detroit Project]], [[Habitat for Humanity]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umhabitat.org | title=UM Habitat for Humanity | publisher=UM Habitat for Humanity | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-07-14}}</ref> and [[Ann Arbor Reaching Out]]. [[Intramural sports]] are popular, and there are recreation facilities for each of the three campuses.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recsports.umich.edu/facilities/descriptions.html | title=About Our Facilities | publisher=UM Department of Recreational Sports | date=January 22, 2007 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>

[[Fraternities and sororities]], many of which are located east of Central Campus, play a role in the university's social life. UM is home to four different councils making up the majority of fraternities and sororites on campus. These are: the Interfraterniy Council, Multicultural Greek Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council, and Panhellenic Association.

The [[Michigan Union]] and Michigan League are student activity centers located on Central Campus; Pierpont Commons is on North Campus. The Michigan Union houses a majority of student groups, including the student government. The William Monroe Trotter House, located east of Central Campus, is a multicultural student center operated by the university's Office of Multi-Ethnic Student Affairs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~info/totrotter.html | title=William Monroe Trotter Multicultural Center | publisher=UM Campus Information Centers | date=May 9, 2006 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> The University Activities Center (UAC) is a student-run programming organization and is composed of 15 committees.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~uac/about.html | title=About UAC | year=2007 | publisher=University Activities Center | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> Each group involves students in the planning and execution of a variety of events both on and off campus.

The [[Michigan Marching Band]], composed of over 350 students from almost all of UM's schools,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/ | title=Sections | publisher=The Michigan Marching Band | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> is the university's [[marching band]]. Over 100 years old,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mmb.music.umich.edu/history/ | title=History | publisher=The Michigan Marching Band | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> the band performs at every home game and travels to at least one away game a year. The student-run and led [[University of Michigan Pops Orchestra]] is another musical ensemble that attracts students from all academic backgrounds. It performs regularly in the [[Michigan Theater (Ann Arbor)|Michigan Theater]]. The [[University of Michigan Men's Glee Club]], founded in 1859, is a men's chorus with over 100 members. Its eight member subset [[a cappella]] group, the [[University of Michigan Friars]], which was founded in 1955, is the oldest currently running ''a cappella'' group on campus.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~ummgc/friars/history.html | title=Our History | publisher=The University of Michigan Friars | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>

''The [[Michigan Daily]]'' is the student-run daily newspaper. Founded in 1890, ''The Daily'' is published five days a week during the normal academic year, and weekly during the spring and summer terms. Other student publications at the university include the conservative ''[[The Michigan Review]]'', the progressive ''Michigan Independent'', the ''[[Michigan Journal of Political Science]]'', ''[[The Michigan Journal of Business]]'', the University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Forum (UMURF), and the humor publications ''The Michigan Every Three Weekly'' and the ''[[Gargoyle Humor Magazine|Gargoyle]]''. [[WCBN]] (88.3 FM) is a freeform radio station; [[WOLV (TV)|WOLV-TV]] is a student-run television station that is primarily shown on the university's cable television system.

==Athletics==
{{main|Michigan Wolverines}}
[[Image:TheBigHouse.jpg|thumb|A football game at [[Michigan Stadium]]]]
The University of Michigan's sports teams are called the [[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]. They participate in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA's]] Football Bowl Subdivision (formally [[Division I-A]]) and in the [[Big Ten Conference]] in all sports except men's [[ice hockey]], which is a member of the [[Central Collegiate Hockey Association]]. In seven of the past ten years, UM has finished in the top five of the [[NACDA Director's Cup]], a ranking compiled by the [[National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics]] to tabulate the success of universities in competitive sports. UM has finished in the top eleven of the Directors' Cup standings in each of the award's twelve seasons and has placed in the top six in each of the last eight seasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nacda.collegesports.com/directorscup/nacda-directorscup-previous-scoring.html | title=Sports Academy Directors' Cup | publisher=National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref>

The [[Michigan Wolverines football|UM football]] program ranks first in NCAA history in both total wins (860) and winning percentage (.745).<ref name="football records">{{cite web |url=http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2006/2006_d1_football_records_book.pdf | title=Official 2006 NCAA Divisions I-A and I-AA Football Records Book | publisher=National Collegiate Athletics Association | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-08-10|format=PDF}}</ref> The team won the first [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] game in 1902. UM had 40 consecutive winning seasons from 1968 to 2007, including consecutive [[bowl game]] appearances from 1975 to 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/misc/fbrecord.htm | title=University of Michigan Athletics History: All-Time University of Michigan Football Record 1879-2007 | date=May 31, 2008 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2008-12-25}} </ref> The Wolverines have won a record 42 Big Ten championships, including five in the past decade. The program has eleven [[NCAA Division I-A national football championship|national championships]], most recently in 1997,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~bhl/athdept/football/misc/natchamp.htm | title=University of Michigan Football - National Championships | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | year=2002 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> and has produced three [[Heisman Trophy]] winners: [[Tom Harmon]], [[Desmond Howard]] and [[Charles Woodson]].<ref name="Heisman">{{cite web | url=http://www.heisman.com/winners/hsmn-winners.html | title=Heisman Winners | publisher=Heisman Trophy at Heisman.com | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-11-14}}</ref>

[[Michigan Stadium]] is the largest college football-only stadium in the world, with an official capacity of more than 107,501 (the extra seat is said to be "reserved" for [[Fielding H. Yost]]<ref name="Michigan Stadium">{{cite news | url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=3052 | title=Michigan Stadium | work=MGoBlue | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-06}}</ref>) though attendance—frequently over 111,000 spectators—regularly exceeds the official capacity.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~bhl/stadium/stadtext/stad1998.htm | title=''The Michigan Stadium Story'' - Once Again the Biggest House, 1998 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> The NCAA's record-breaking attendance has become commonplace at Michigan Stadium, especially since the arrival of head coach [[Bo Schembechler]]. UM has fierce rivalries with many teams, including [[Michigan State University|Michigan State]], [[University of Notre Dame|Notre Dame]], and [[Ohio State University|Ohio State]], the latter of which has been referred to by [[ESPN]] as the greatest [[Michigan-Ohio State Rivalry|rivalry]] in American sports, along with the Notre Dame-USC and Army-Navy rivalries.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://espn.go.com/endofcentury/s/other/bestrivalries.html | title=The 10 greatest rivalries | date=January 3, 2005 | work=ESPN | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> UM has all-time winning records against Michigan State University, University of Notre Dame, and Ohio State University.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mgoblue.com/football/article.aspx?id=40934 | title=University of Michigan Football All-Time Records vs. Opponents | work=MGoBlue | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-12-05}}</ref>

The men's [[ice hockey]] team, which plays at [[Yost Ice Arena]], has won nine [[NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship|national championships]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ncaa.com/history/m-hockey-d1.html | title=Men's Division I Ice Hockey | publisher=NCAA | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-26}}</ref> while the [[Michigan Wolverines men's basketball|men's basketball]] team, which plays at [[Crisler Arena]], has appeared in four [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|Final Fours]] and won a [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|national championship]] in 1989. However, the program became involved in a [[University of Michigan basketball scandal|scandal involving payments from a booster]] during the 1990s. This led to the program being placed on probation for a four-year period. The program also voluntarily vacated victories from its 1992–1993 and 1995–1999 seasons in which the payments took place, as well as its 1992 and 1993 Final Four appearances.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mlive.com/stories/wolverines/20020322accident_effects.html|title=Accident's effects still felt six years later: Roberson: It changed the athletic department|accessdate=2008-08-12| date=March 22, 2002 | publisher=MLive.com | work=Ann Arbor News |author=Cnockaert, Jim}}</ref>

Through the [[2004 Summer Olympic Games]], 178 UM students and coaches had participated in the Olympics, winning medals in every [[Summer Olympic Games|Summer Olympics]] except 1896, and winning gold medals in all but four Olympiads. UM students have won a total of [[Michigan Wolverines#Michigan Olympians|116 Olympic medals]]: 54 gold, 27 silver, and 35 bronze.<ref name="Olympians">{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/bhl/olymp2/oltitle.htm | title=Michigan in the Olympics | date=September 28, 2005 | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>
<!--Needs citation: UM is the only school in the U.S. to have won Division I National Championships in football, baseball, basketball, and hockey.-->

===Fight song===
The University of Michigan's [[fight song]], ''[[The Victors]]'', was written by student [[Louis Elbel]] in 1898 following the last-minute football victory over the [[University of Chicago]] that clinched a league championship. The song was declared by [[John Philip Sousa]] as "the greatest college fight song ever written."<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Hondorp, Fabrikant Alexis|title=University of Michigan College Prowler Off the Record |date=January 1, 2005 |publisher=College Prowler, Inc|isbn=1-59658-163-8 |pages=118}}</ref> The song refers to the university as being the "Champions of the West". At the time, UM was part of the "Western Conference", which would later become the [[Big Ten Conference]]. Michigan was considered to be on the Western Frontier when it was founded in the old Northwest Territory. Although mainly used at sporting events, the fight song can be heard at other events. President [[Gerald Ford]] had it played as his entrance anthem in preference over the more traditional ''Hail to the Chief'' during his term from 1974 to 1977.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Press and the Ford Presidency | author=Rozell, Mark J. | date=October 15, 1992 | publisher=University of Michigan Press | isbn=0-472-10350-4 | pages=38}}.</ref> The fight song is also sung during graduation commencement ceremonies. The university's [[alma mater]] song is ''[[The Yellow and Blue]]''. A common rally cry is "Let's Go Blue!", written by former students Joseph Carl, a sousaphonist, and Albert Ahronheim, a [[drum major]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Stieg, Bill | url=http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1122081/index.htm | title=A Catchy Intro To A Cheer Became Music To The Ears Of Myriad Fans | date=May 21, 1984 | work=Sports Illustrated | accessdate=2008-12-25}}</ref>

==Notable people and alumni==
{{main|List of University of Michigan alumni}}
UM has more than 460,000 living graduates, reportedly one of the largest alumni bodies on earth.<ref name=alumni>{{cite web | url=http://alumni.umich.edu/info/index.php | title=About the Association | publisher=University of Michigan Alumni Association | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> In addition to the late [[President of the United States|U.S. president]] [[Gerald Ford]], the university has produced twenty-six [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes scholars]]<ref name="Rhodes" /> and 116 [[Olympic medalist]]s,<ref name="Olympians" /> seven [[Nobel Prize]] winners, and [[Fields Medal]] winner [[Stephen Smale]]. UM's contribution to aeronautics also include aircraft designer [[Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]] of [[Lockheed]] [[Skunk Works]] fame,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/cjohnson.html | title=Biographical Memoirs-Clarence Leonard (kelly) Johnson | publisher=The National Academies Press | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> Lockheed president [[Willis Hawkins]], as well as several astronauts, including the all-UM crew of [[Gemini 4]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Gemini | author=Shayler, David | publisher=Springer | year=2001 | isbn=1852334053 | page=103}}</ref> UM counts among its matriculants [[List of University of Michigan business alumni#Billionaires|sixteen billionaires]], as well as a number of alumni who have founded or co-founded many companies and organizations, including [[John Robert Beyster|Dr. J. Robert Beyster]] who founded [[Science Applications International Corporation]] in 1969<ref>{{cite book | author=Dr. J. Robert Beyster and Peter Economy | title=The SAIC Solution: How We Built an $8 Billion Employee-Owned Technology Company | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | year=2007 | page=190-191 | isbn=0470139315}}</ref> and [[Google]] co-founder [[Larry Page]]<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.engin.umich.edu/newscenter/pubs/engineer/04SS/achievements/advances.html | title=Advances in Computer and Information Technology | journal=Michigan Engineer | date=Spring-Summer 2004 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> (''see also: [[List of Entities Founded by University of Michigan alumni]]'').

Notable writers who attended UM include playwright [[Arthur Miller]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni">{{cite web | url=http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php | title=Famous U-M Alumni | publisher=Alumni Association University of Michigan | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> novelists [[Brad Meltzer]] and [[Betty Smith]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> screenwriter [[Judith Guest]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Pulitzer Prize-winning poet [[Theodore Roethke]], authors [[Charles Major]] and [[Sandra Steingraber]], and composer/author/puppeteer [[Forman Brown]]. In [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]], famous alumni include actor [[James Earl Jones]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> actresses [[Lucy Liu]] and [[Selma Blair]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and filmmaker [[Lawrence Kasdan]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Musicians who graduated from the university include singer [[Joe Dassin]], operatic soprano [[Jessye Norman]], jazz guitarist [[Randy Napoleon]], and [[Mannheim Steamroller]] founder [[Chip Davis]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" />

Other UM graduates include TV journalist [[Mike Wallace (journalist)|Mike Wallace]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> former House Minority Leader [[Dick Gephardt]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> conservative pundit [[Ann Coulter]], assisted suicide advocate [[Jack Kevorkian]], [[Weather Underground]] radical activist [[Bill Ayers]],<ref>{{cite book | author=Ayers, Bill | title=Fugitive Days: A Memoir | publisher=New York: Penguin Books | year=2003}}</ref> activist [[Tom Hayden]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> architect [[Charles Willard Moore|Charles Moore]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.charlesmoore.org/who.html | title=Who | publisher=Charles Moore Foundation | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> the Swedish Holocaust hero [[Raoul Wallenberg]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Penny |last=Schreiber |url=http://www.wallenberg.umich.edu/college.html |title=The Wallenberg Story | publisher=The Wallenberg Foundation (University of Michigan) | year=2008 | data=accessdate=2007-02-14}}</ref> and [[Benjamin D. Pritchard]], the Civil War general who captured [[Jefferson Davis]].<ref>{{cite book | author=Greenm James J. | title=The Life and Times of General B. D. Pritchard | publisher=Allegan: Allegan County Historical Society | year=1979 | page=2}}</ref> [[Clarence Darrow]] attended the Law School at a time when many lawyers did not receive any formal education. [[Sanjay Gupta]], a neurosurgeon and CNN medical correspondent, attended the UM School of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/gupta.sanjay.html | title=Sanjay Gupta | publisher=CNN | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> Pop singer [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], professional baseball player [[Derek Jeter]], and rock legend [[Iggy Pop]] attended but did not graduate.

UM athletes have starred in the [[National Football League]] and [[National Basketball Association]] as well as other professional sports. Notable among recent players is [[Tom Brady]] of the [[New England Patriots]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Three players have won college football's [[Heisman Trophy]], awarded to the player considered the best in the nation: [[Tom Harmon]] (1940), [[Desmond Howard]] (1991) and [[Charles Woodson]] (1997).<ref name="Heisman" /> Professional golfer [[John Schroeder]] and Olympic swimmer [[Michael Phelps]] also attended the University of Michigan, with the latter studying Sports Marketing and Management. Phelps also swam competitively for Club Wolverine, a swimming club associated with the university.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2007-02-12-phelps-focus_x.htm | author=Michaelis, Vicki | title=Phelps' dominant pool dream still alive | work=USA Today | date=February 13, 2007 | accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref>

The university claims the only alumni association with a chapter on the [[moon]], established in 1971 when the crew of [[Apollo 15]] placed a charter plaque for a new UM Alumni Association on the lunar surface.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php | title=About the Association - Famous U-M Alumni | year=2005 | publisher=UM Alumni Association | accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> According to the Apollo 15 astronauts, several small UM flags were brought on the mission. However, no flag made it to the surface or was left there. The presence of a UM flag on the moon is a long-held campus myth.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2006/03/29/News/Debunking.The.Moon.Myth-1763410.shtml | author=Leah Graboski | title=Debunking the Moon Myth | date=March 28, 2006 | work=The Michigan Daily | accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[University of Michigan–Dearborn]]
*[[University of Michigan-Flint]]
*Various other universities commonly called "[[U of M]]"

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite book| author=Fiske, Edward B. | title=Fiske Guide to Colleges 2005 (Twenty-first Edition) | location=Naperville, IL | publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc | year=2004 | isbn=1-4022-0229-6}}
*{{cite book | author=Fleming, Robben W. | title=Tempests into Rainbows: Managing Turbulence | location=Ann Arbor | publisher=The University of Michigan Press | year=1996 | isbn=0-472-10674-0}}
* {{Citation
| last = Hebel
| first = Sara
| title = State Regents: Should They Be Elected or Appointed?
| url = http://chronicle.com/weekly/v51/i08/08a00101.htm
| date = October 15, 2004
| journal = The Chronicle of Higher Education
| volume = 51
| issue = 8
| pages = A1
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Hinsdale
| first = Burke A.
| year = 1906
| title = History of the University of Michigan
| editor-last = Demmon
| editor-first = Isaac
| publisher = University of Michigan
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=z6sWAAAAIAAJ
| accessdate = 2007-08-16
}}
*{{cite book | author=Holtzer (editor), Susan. | title=Special to the Daily: The 1st 100 Years of Editorial Freedom at the Michigan Daily | publisher=Caddo Gap Press | year=1990 | isbn=0-9625945-2-0}}
*{{cite book | author=Peckham, Howard H. | title=The Making of The University of Michigan 1817–1992 | location=Ann Arbor | publisher=The University of Michigan Press | year=1994 | isbn=0-472-06594-7}}
*{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/facts___figures | title=Facts & Figures | year=2008 | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | accessdate=2008-10-25}}
</div>

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{{Commons|University of Michigan}}
*[http://www.umich.edu University of Michigan] - Official website
*[http://www.umich.edu/Es/ Español (Spanish) University of Michigan portal]
*[http://www.mgoblue.com Official athletics website]
*{{dmoz|Reference/Education/Colleges_and_Universities/North_America/United_States/Michigan/University_of_Michigan/}}
{{Geolinks-US-hoodscale|42.2830|-83.7350}}
{{University of Michigan}}
{{Big Ten Conference}}

{{Central Collegiate Hockey Association}}
{{Public universities in Michigan}}
{{Association of American Universities}}

{{featured article}}

[[Category:Association of American Universities|Michigan, University of]]
[[Category:Big Ten Conference|Michigan, University of]]
[[Category:North Central Association of Colleges and Schools]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Michigan|Michigan, University of]]
[[Category:University of Michigan| ]]
[[Category:Central Collegiate Hockey Association|Michigan, University of]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1817]]
[[Category:Committee on Institutional Cooperation]]
[[Category:Schools of public health]]
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[[ar:جامعة ميشيغان]]
[[bg:Мичигански университет]]
[[de:University of Michigan]]
[[es:Universidad de Míchigan]]
[[fa:دانشگاه میشیگان]]
[[fr:Université du Michigan]]
[[ko:미시간 대학교]]
[[io:Universitato di Michigan]]
[[is:Michigan-háskóli]]
[[it:Università del Michigan]]
[[he:אוניברסיטת מישיגן]]
[[lv:Mičiganas universitāte]]
[[ms:Universiti Michigan]]
[[nl:Universiteit van Michigan]]
[[ja:ミシガン大学]]
[[no:University of Michigan]]
[[pl:University of Michigan]]
[[pt:Universidade do Michigan]]
[[ru:Мичиганский университет]]
[[simple:University of Michigan]]
[[fi:Michiganin yliopisto]]
[[sv:University of Michigan]]
[[ta:மிச்சிகன் பல்கலைக்கழகம்]]
[[th:มหาวิทยาลัยมิชิแกน]]
[[zh:密歇根大学]]

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