Jump to content

Universal Monsters

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Universal monsters)

Universal Classic Monsters
Official franchise logo
Original workDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913)
OwnerUniversal Pictures
Years1913–present
Print publications
Novel(s)See details
ComicsSee details
Films and television
Film(s)See details
Short film(s)See details
Television seriesSee details
Miscellaneous
Theme park attraction(s)See details

The Universal Monsters (also known as Universal Classic Monsters and Universal Studios Monsters) media franchise includes characters based on a series of horror films produced by Universal Pictures and released between 1913–1956.

While the early installments were initially created as stand-alone films based on published novels, their financial and critical success resulted in various cross-over releases. Following the positive response to various viewings of these movies via television redistribution which began airing in the 1950s, the studio began developing the characters for other media. In the 1990s, it became priority for Universal to promote their catalogue with official packaging that presented the movies with the official franchise title. Through a number of VHS editions, their popularity continued into contemporary entertainment. This included additional development through modern-filmmaking adaptations such as Stephen Sommers' The Mummy (1999) and Van Helsing (2004).

Modern analyses describes the titular characters as "pop culture icons".[1]

History

Universal's early horror films were adaptations of work from familiar authors and texts to give their films a prestige appeal. These included Dracula (1931), whose success led to the production of other works such as Frankenstein (1931).[2][3] Frankenstein's ending was changed by studio head Carl Laemmle Jr., who wanted Universal to be able deploy key characters from the film into subsequent Universal productions.[3] Following the release of other Universal films such as The Mummy (1932) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935), there was a dry spell of horror films.[4][5][6][7] Universal only returned to the style following a successful theatrical re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein. The renewed interest in horror films led to new works, starting with Son of Frankenstein (1939).[4][5][6]

Universal would only introduce a few new monsters in the 1940s, with the most famous being Lon Chaney Jr. as The Wolf Man.[8] The decade had Universal's horror output include many remakes and sequels, with films often directly reusing old sets, footage, and narratives to replicate moments in their earlier horror productions.[9]

Universal's first transmedia properties appeared in the 1940s and the 1950s with the films Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944) and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).[10] In these films, the monsters from the studio's earlier films "team up" against various characters. Author Megan De Bruin-Molé suggested that the Universal Classic Monsters films exist as a loose mash-up, which allowed for Dracula to exist and be watched separately from Frankenstein but allowed their characters to be systemically and consistently brought together and developed in other films and media.[11] These productions made were often crossovers and sequels, such as Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein and several occurrences in comedy films of Abbott and Costello meeting the monster. These meetings started with Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein and ended with Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).[11][12] De Bruin-Molé wrote that this approach from Universal was for commercial marketing terms, as it would establish the company as the "real" home of horror. Their films contained a world where potentially all monsters may dwell.[13] The sole new monster films that Universal produced in the 1950s were the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and The Mummy (1959). The latter was co-produced with the British Hammer Film Productions.[14]

Towards the 1960s, the Universal monsters grew beyond film and became more consistently transmedial. Initially, this began in 1957 when Universal struck a ten-year television deal with Screen Gems to distribute 52 of their own titles.[14] These television screenings and the films being included on Mel Jass' Mel's Matinee Movie (1958-1979) would also prove to be popular. Stephen Sommers, director of The Mummy (1999), stated that his introduction to the series was on Jass's program.[15] Universal became part of the Music Corporation of America (MCA) in 1962. By 1964, Universal Studios tours would eventually include appearances from Frankenstein's monster.[16] Several products based on the characters from Universal's film series were released, ranging from plastic model kits, Halloween masks, figures, plush dolls, toys, drinking glasses, coloring books and postage stamps. While some of these objects bear similarity to the actors who portray them, others are more generic interpretations.[17] Other mediums featured the Universal monsters in tandem, such as Bobby "Boris" Pickett's 1962 popular song "Monster Mash" and the television series The Munsters (1964) which was based on the likeness of the Universal characters.[16]

In 1990, Universal was part of a merger between Matsushita, now known as Panasonic, and several other corporations. Between 1991 and 1995, Universal released VHS home video editions from their catalogue of horror films. This was the first time these films were packed together as the "Classic Monster" line, accompanied with a newly designed logo.[16] Prior to this home video series, the Universal films that featured multiple monsters were called "Super-Shocker[s]" or "monster rallies".[18] Louis Feol, the head of Worldwide Home Video for Universal Studios, said that the most important thing was the packaging of their sales. He added that it was "probably our single biggest priority and has been for a number of years", and that it was key to make the series of films "look like a line".[19][20] In a 1999 interview, Feol stated that creating the series was to "reinvigorate and re-market" the Universal catalog, specifically with their series of Dracula, Frankenstein, The Invisible Man, The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, and The Mummy.[20]

The 1990s also saw a trend in the merchandising of Universal Monsters material as part of a trend for the decade of recycling and reinventing old material from the past.[16] This led to the release of Stephen Sommer's The Mummy (1999) and a "monster rally"-styled film with Van Helsing (2004).[21] Merchandizing of the characters in formats such as clothing and board games has continued into the 21st century.[22][23] The franchise will be featured in the Dark Universe portion of Universal's upcoming Orlando theme park, Universal Epic Universe.[24]

Films

Classic era (1913–1956)

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde March 6, 1913 (1913-03-06) Herbert Brenon Carl Laemmle
The Hunchback of Notre Dame September 2, 1923 (1923-09-02) Wallace Worsley Edward T. Lowe, Jr. & Perley Poore Sheehan
The Phantom of the Opera November 25, 1925 (1925-11-25) Rupert Julian and Lon Chaney and Edward Sedgwick and Ernst Laemmle & Frank McCormick Walter Anthony, Elliott J. Clawson, Bernard McConville, Frank M. McCormack, Tom Reed, Raymond L. Schrock, Jasper Spearing & Richard Wallace
Dracula February 14, 1931 (1931-02-14) Tod Browning Garrett Fort Tod Browning and Carl Laemmle, Jr.
Drácula April 24, 1931 (1931-04-24) George Melford Baltasar Fernández Cué and Garret Fort Garret Fort Carl Laemmle Jr. and Paul Kohner
Frankenstein November 21, 1931 (1931-11-21) James Whale Francis Edward Faragoh & Garrett Fort John L. Balderston Carl Laemmle Jr.
The Mummy October 20, 1932 (1932-10-20) Karl Freund John L. Balderston Nina Wilcox Putnam & Richard Schayer
The Invisible Man November 13, 1933 (1933-11-13) James Whale R. C. Sherriff
Bride of Frankenstein April 20, 1935 (1935-04-20) James Whale William Hurlbut William Hurlbut & John L. Balderston
Werewolf of London May 13, 1935 (1935-05-13) Stuart Walker John Colton, Robert Harris, Harvey Gates, Edmund Pearson, James Mulhauser & Aben Kandel Robert Harris Stanley Bergerman
Dracula's Daughter May 11, 1936 (1936-05-11) Lambert Hillyer Garrett Fort Oliver Jeffries E. M. Asher
Son of Frankenstein January 13, 1939 (1939-01-13) Rowland V. Lee Wyllis Cooper Rowland V. Lee
The Invisible Man Returns January 12, 1940 (1940-01-12) Joe May Kurt Siodmak & Lester Cole Curt Siodmak & Joe May Ken Goldsmith
The Mummy's Hand November 20, 1940 (1940-11-20) Christy Cabanne Griffin Jay and Maxwell Shane Ben Pivar
The Invisible Woman December 12, 1940 (1940-12-12) A. Edward Sutherland Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & Gertrude Purcell Curt Siodmak & Joe May Burt Kelly
The Wolf Man December 12, 1941 (1941-12-12) George Waggner Curt Siodmak George Waggner
The Ghost of Frankenstein March 13, 1942 (1942-03-13) Erle C. Kenton W. Scott Darling Eric Taylor
Invisible Agent April 17, 1942 (1942-04-17) Edwin L. Marin Curtis Siodmak Frank Lloyd
The Mummy's Tomb October 23, 1942 (1942-10-23) Harold Young Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher Neil P. Varnick Ben Pivar
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man March 5, 1943 (1943-03-05) Roy William Neill Curt Siodmak George Waggner
Phantom of the Opera August 12, 1943 (1943-08-12) Arthur Lubin Samuel Hoffenstein & Eric Taylor John Jacoby
Son of Dracula November 5, 1943 (1943-11-05) Robert Siodmak Eric Taylor Curtis Siodmak Ford Beebe and Donald H. Brown
The Invisible Man's Revenge June 9, 1944 (1944-06-09) Ford Beebe Bertram Millhauser Ford Beebe
The Mummy's Ghost July 7, 1944 (1944-07-07) Reginald LeBorg Griffin Jay, Henry Sucher & Brenda Weisberg Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher Ben Pivar
House of Frankenstein February 16, 1945 (1945-02-16) Erle C. Kenton Edward T. Lowe Curt Siodmak Paul Malvern
The Mummy's Curse December 22, 1944 (1944-12-22) Leslie Goodwins Bernard Schubert Leon Abrams & Dwight V. Babcock Oliver Drake
House of Dracula June 29, 1945 (1945-06-29) Eric C. Kenton Edward T. Lowe Dwight V. Babcock & George Bricker Paul Malvern
She-Wolf of London March 29, 1946 (1946-03-29) Jean Yarbrough George Bricker Dwight V. Babcock Ben Pivar
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein May 17, 1948 (1948-05-17) Charles T. Barton Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant Robert Arthur
Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man March 19, 1951 (1951-03-19) Charles Lamont Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant Hugh Wedlock Jr. & Howard Snyder Howard Christie
Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde August 12, 1953 (1953-08-12) Charles Lamont Lee Loeb & John Grant Sidney Fields & Grant Garrett
Creature from the Black Lagoon February 12, 1954 (1954-02-12) Jack Arnold Harry Essex & Arthur Ross Maurice Zimm William Alland
Revenge of the Creature March 11, 1955 (1955-03-11) Jack Arnold Martin Berkeley William Alland
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy May 23, 1955 (1955-05-23) Charles Lamont John Grant Lee Loeb Howard Christie
The Creature Walks Among Us April 26, 1956 (1956-04-26) John Sherwood Arthur Ross William Alland

Remakes and spin-offs (1979-2015)

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s) Ref(s)
Dracula July 13, 1979 (1979-07-13) John Badham W. D. Richter Marvin Mirisch and Walter Mirisch
The Mummy May 7, 1999 (1999-05-07) Stephen Sommers Stephen Sommers and
Lloyd Fonvielle & Kevin Jarre 		Sean Daniel and James Jacks [25]
The Mummy Returns May 4, 2001 (2001-05-04) Stephen Sommers
The Scorpion King April 19, 2002 (2002-04-19) Chuck Russell William Osborne & David Hayter
and Stephen Sommers 		Stephen Sommers & Jonathan Hales Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Kevin Misher and Stephen Sommers
Van Helsing April 7, 2004 (2004-04-07) Stephen Sommers Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay [26]
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor August 1, 2008 (2008-08-01) Rob Cohen Alfred Gough & Miles Millar Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay
The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior August 19, 2008 (2008-08-19) Russell Mulcahy Randall McCormick Sean Daniel and James Jacks
The Wolfman February 12, 2010 (2010-02-12) Joe Johnston Andrew Kevin Walker & David Self Sean Daniel, Scott Stuber, Benicio del Toro and Rick Yorn [27][28]
The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption January 10, 2012 (2012-01-10) Roel Reiné Brendan Cowles & Shane Kuhn Randall McCormick Leslie Belzberg
The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06) Mike Elliott Michael D. Weiss Mike Elliott and Ogden Gavanski
The Scorpion King: Book of Souls October 23, 2018 (2018-10-23) Don Michael Paul David Alton Hedges & Frank DeJohn Mike Elliott

Modern era

Beginning in October 2013, Universal hired Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to collaborate in developing a relaunch of the Universal Monsters characters as a new shared universe of films similar in fashion to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, notably a franchise which includes interconnectivity that originated previously in the classic Universal Monsters films.[29][30][better source needed] By July 2014, the studio officially hired Chris Morgan to replace Orci and work alongside Kurtzman in overseeing development of an interconnected series of films based around rebooted versions of the Universal Monster characters. The duo was tasked with creating the overall outline for the titular monsters.[31] The development of a cinematic universe continued as Kurtzman and Morgan became involved with additional photography for Dracula Untold (2014); reshoots positioned the final scenes of the film in modern-day, in order to connect with other films and to allow the cast to reprise their roles in future installments.[32] The film's connections to the new franchise were later downplayed following its mixed critical and financial reception,[33][better source needed][34] with The Mummy (2017) repositioned as the official start of the shared film universe.[35] In May 2017, the slate of reimagined incarnations of titular monsters was officially titled Dark Universe. The studio announced the franchise with a press release, that debuted the official logo, website, trailer, and score that would be prominantly used in the films.[36] Universal Pictures, in collaboration with Kurtzman and Morgan, created a writer's room consisting of various contributors to create the stories that would later be expanded into scripts,[37] which were intended to be rooted in horror as opposed to the action adventure nature of the studio's previous remakes.[38][better source needed][39][better source needed] The Mummy introduced its ancient titular monster (played by Sofia Boutella), alongside the heroic character portrayed by Tom Cruise whose adventures as a monster were intended to expanded upon in later installments.[40][41] Prior to the film's release, additional cast officially joined the franchise as announced by Universal Pictures.[42][43] The studio announced a slate of films,[44][45] but following the poor critical reception and underwhelming box office performance of The Mummy (2017), Universal postponed all plans for the Dark Universe slate of films.[46]

In January 2018, the production studio began reconfiguring their approach to the Universal Monsters,[47][48] and following the departures of Kurtzman and Morgan from their roles as co-architects of the franchise,[46] the studio decided to abandon a shared cinematic universe in favor of returning to standalone adaptations of the characters instead.[49][50] After previously expressing interest in working with Universal Pictures on relaunching the characters for modern audiences,[51][52][53] Jason Blum officially signed on to collaborate on a number of the projects in development. The producer later stated in 2020 that control of the Dark Universe and the Universal Monsters remains under the direction of Universal Pictures.[54]

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s) Ref(s)
Dracula Untold October 10, 2014 (2014-10-10) Gary Shore Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless Michael De Luca [55]
The Mummy June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09) Alex Kurtzman David Koepp and
Christopher McQuarrie
and Dylan Kussman 		Jon Spaihts and
Alex Kurtzman & Jenny Lumet 		Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, Sean Daniel and Sarah Bradshaw [56]
The Invisible Man February 28, 2020 (2020-02-28) Leigh Whannell Jason Blum and Kylie du Fresne [57]
Renfield April 14, 2023 (2023-04-14) Chris McKay Ryan Ridley Robert Kirkman Chris McKay, Samantha Nisenboim, Bryan Furst, Sean Furst, Robert Kirkman and David Alpert [58]
The Last Voyage of the Demeter August 11, 2023 (2023-08-11) André Øvredal Bragi Schut Jr. & Zak Olkewicz Bragi Schut Jr. Bradley J. Fischer, Mike Medavoy and Arnold W. Messer [59]
Abigail April 19, 2024 (2024-04-19) Matt Bettinelli-Olpin & Tyler Gillett Stephen Shields & Guy Busick William Sherak, James Vanderbilt, Paul Neinstein, Tripp Vinson and Chad Villella [60][61][discuss]
Wolf Man January 17, 2025 (2025-01-17) Leigh Whannell Leigh Whannell & Corbett Tuck
and Lauren Schuker Blum & Rebecca Angelo 		Jason Blum [62]

Potential projects

  • Dark Army: By September 2019, the film featuring monsters from the original films as well as new characters was in development. Paul Feig was attached as director, from a script of his own, and as co-producer with Laura Fischer. The project is a joint production between Universal Pictures and Feigco Productions.[63] By October, Universal was reviewing his script as a reworking of the Dark Universe concept, while The Bride of Frankenstein is cited as a major influence.[64] By February 2020, Feig was working on a second draft of the script, upon receiving input from Universal Pictures.[65] By that May, the filmmaker completed the newest draft while describing the tone as closer to the original films with horror elements, but a portrayal of the monsters as rejects.[66] Feig had been given the option to develop films of any characters from the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, prior to his chosen project.[67][68]
  • Frankenstein: Beginning in June 2017, the project was initially announced as being in development as one of the films intended to be an installment in the Dark Universe, with Javier Bardem cast to portray the titular character. Following the studio's change in approach to the characters, in November 2019 James Wan was attached as a producer on a reboot of the Frankenstein.[69] Jason Blum expressed interest in joining the production in a producing role.[70][unreliable source?] Robbie Thompson was hired as screenwriter in 2020, while the plot is said to center around a group of teenagers who discover that a neighbor is creating a monster in their basement. The project is a joint production between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster.[71]
  • The Invisible Woman: In November 2019, a reboot of The Invisible Woman was revealed to be in development. Elizabeth Banks was attached to star in, and direct the film, from a script written by Erin Cressida Wilson based on an original story written by Banks, and as a producer with Max Handelman.[72] Banks was given options to develop a film from any characters in the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, while she chose the Invisible Woman.[67][68]
  • Monster Mash: In February 2020 a musical, titled after and centered around the novelty song "Monster Mash", was revealed to be in development. Grammy Award nominee Matt Stawski was hired as a director, Will Widger was attached as screenwriter, from an original story written by Stawski, while Marty Bowen was put as producer. The project is a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Temple Hill Entertainment.[73]
  • Dracula: In February 2021, Chloé Zhao was hired to write and direct a futuristic sci-fi Western film centered around the character of Dracula.[74]
  • Little Monsters: In July 2020, Josh Cooley was hired as both writer and director, with the story centering on the characters from the Universal Monsters films, inspired and based on drawings of the monster characters by Crash McCreery who was given an executive producer credit. The project is intended to serve as a "love letter to classic Hollywood and the history of film-making with a story that takes a multi-generational approach to the monsters and a more PG-rated, lighthearted family-friendly tone in the tradition of the classic '80s Spielberg films from Amblin Entertainment to match as well". The film is said to be a live-action/CGI hybrid, and Todd Lieberman and David Hoberman are attached as producers. The project is a joint production between Universal Pictures and Mandeville Films.[75]
  • Untitled Invisible Man sequel: In February 2020, Leigh Whannell stated that though The Invisible Man (2020) was developed as a standalone film, he may consider making a follow-up film.[76] By May, the sequel discussions were ongoing,[77] and by that July Leigh Whannell was working on the story.[75]
  • Untitled Scorpion King reboot: A reboot of The Scorpion King film series was in development since 2020. Jonathan Herman was hired as screenwriter, with the plot taking place during modern-day and involving a contemporary adaptation of Mathayus of Akkad / Scorpion King. Dwayne Johnson, who started his acting career as the titular role in The Mummy Returns, was attached as a producer alongside Dany Garcia and Hiram Garcia. The project is a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Seven Bucks Productions.[78]
  • Untitled film: An untitled project was in development since November 2020, with Channing Tatum attached to star. Wes Tooke was hired as a screenwriter, from a story written by Reid Carolin, while Phil Lord and Christopher Miller were attached as co-producers alongside Tatum, Carolin, Peter Kiernan, and Aditya Sood. The plot is described as "a modern-day, tongue-in-cheek thriller", while being "a bold genre reinvention of one of the studio's most beloved characters from the Monsters Universe". The project is a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, Lord Miller Productions, Free Association Productions.[79]
  • Van Helsing: Originally announced in 2015, with Rupert Sanders in early negotiations to serve as a director for a reboot of Van Helsing, with a script co-written by Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer,[80] the project was ultimately placed on hold. By December 2020, the project had re-entered development with Julius Avery serving as director, as well as doing a rewrite of an original script by Eric Pearson. James Wan was hired as producer, with the project intended to be a joint-production venture between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster.[81]
  • Phantom: After previously attempting an adaptation that would have been a part of the cancelled interconnected universe film series, Universal purchased a speculative screenplay in December 2021, written by John Fusco, which will feature a modern-day reboot of The Phantom of the Opera. The writer reportedly authored the script after inspiration he received while working on his own record albums during self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fusco determined to write a script that would be a musical in nature, while taking place in the French Quarter, Vieux Carré area of New Orleans in the United States, instead of the novel's plot location in France. Incorporating aspects of rhythm and blues, jazz, neo-soul, and funk, the story is said to utilize French Creole nightlife culture of the geographical area, including voodoo and Mardi Gras, as well as the romance and mystery aspects of the original. Harvey Mason Jr., John Legend, and Mike Jackson signed onto the project as producers, with the project being a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, Harvey Mason Media, and Get Lifted Film Co. in a collaborative effort.[82]
  • The Creature from the Black Lagoon: Universal attempted various incarnations of producing a remake centered around the titular Gill-man throughout a number of decades (beginning as early as 1982), including intended projects directed by: John Landis,[83] John Carpenter,[84] Peter Jackson,[85] Ivan Reitman,[86] Guillermo del Toro,[87] and Breck Eisner,[88] while various writers were attached through the years. Some time in 2004, James Gunn pitched an adaptation of the character but the studio passed on adapting the script;[89] del Toro's material from working on his version was notably later repurposed for the unrelated Academy Award winning The Shape of Water (2017).[90] Beginning in June 2017, the project was initially announced as being in development as one of the film installments of the Dark Universe, prior to the shared universe being abandoned in favor of standalone films instead.[44][45] In August 2024, a new project described as "grounded" and "modernized" based on the titular character was announced as being in development, with James Wan attached as producer in addition to being in early discussions to serve as director.[91] By September, Sean Tretta was hired to write the script, which is based on an original story co-authored by Wan, Rafael Jordan, and Bryan Coyne. The project is a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, and the newly-merged Atomic Monster and Blumhouse Productions.[92]

Cancelled and repurposed projects

Dark Universe: In development as early as October 2013, the series of films was intended to relaunch the Universal Monsters characters, through a format similar to the Marvel Cinematic Universe and DC Extended Universe.[29][30][93][better source needed] The projects were officially announced in July 2014, as Universal hired Chris Morgan and Alex Kurtzman to oversee the development of the rebooted modern-day versions of the Universal Monsters,[31] with the duo's first involvements beginning with additional photography scenes filmed for Dracula Untold (2014) which positioned the characters of the film in modern-day.[32] After the film underperformed its connections to the Dark Universe were downplayed,[34] with The Mummy (2017) repositioned as the official start of the new film series.[35] In May 2017, the slate of reimagined incarnations of titular monsters was officially titled, by the studio through a press conference including official logo, website, trailer video, and scored theme music composed by Danny Elfman.[36] Universal Pictures worked in collaboration with Kurtzman and Morgan, to create a writer's room of various contributors to create the stories which would later be expanded into scripts,[37] where the films were intended to have horror as their primary genre, as opposed to the action adventure nature of the studio's previous remakes.[38][39] The Mummy introduced its ancient titular monster (played by Sofia Boutella), alongside the heroic character-turned monster portrayed by Tom Cruise who's monstrous origins depicted in the film were intended to be expanded upon in later installments.[40] Prior to the film's release, Universal Pictures announced the additional main cast of additional characters for the intended series alongside Cruise, including Russell Crowe as Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde, Johnny Depp as Dr. Griffin / the Invisible Man, and Javier Bardem as the Frankenstein Monster.[42] The studio also revealed an official slate of films including:[44][45]

Following poor critical reception, and an underwhelming box office performance of The Mummy (2017), Universal postponed all plans for the Dark Universe slate of films.[46] In January 2018, the production studio began reconfiguring their approach to the Universal Monsters,[47][48] and following the departures of Kurtzman and Morgan from their roles as co-architects of the franchise,[46] the studio abandoned the planned shared cinematic universe in favor of individualized standalone adaptations of the monsters.[49][50]

Mina Harker: By March 2020, Karyn Kusama was hired to direct a film centered around Dracula, from a script co-written by Matt Manfredi and Phil Hay. The plot was reportedly to take place in a modern setting. The project was to be a joint-venture production, with Blumhouse Productions and Miramax serving as the production studios.[94][95] In June of the same year, Kusama stated that the film would be a "faithful adaptation" of Bram Stoker's Dracula, including the plot device of being told from various perspectives.[96] However, the film, revealed to have been retitled Mina Harker, was canceled in April 2022, just three weeks before filming was set to begin. It was also reported that Jasmine Cephas Jones had been cast in the title role prior to the film's cancelation.[97]

Main cast and characters

This table includes the Universal Monster characters and their respective actors for each movie in the franchise. Additional characters include recurring primary characters of the Universal Studios Monsters franchise.

Character Classic era Remakes & spin-offs Modern era
1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s
Dr. Henry Jekyll
Mr. Edward Hyde[98][99][100] 		King Baggot[a] Boris Karloff
& Eddie Parker[b] 		Stephen Fisher
& Robbie Coltrane[c] 		Russell Crowe[d]
Quasimodo
The Hunchback of Notre Dame[101] 		Lon Chaney[e]
The Phantom of the Opera[101] Lon Chaney[f] Claude Rains[g]
Count Dracula[101] Bela Lugosi[h]
Carlos Villar[i] 		John Carradine[j]
Bela Lugosi[k] 		Frank Langella[l]
Richard Roxburgh[m] 		Luke Evans[n]
Nicolas Cage[o]
Javier Botet[p]
Matthew Goode[q]
Frankenstein's Monster[101] Boris Karloff[r] Lon Chaney Jr.[s]
Bela Lugosi[t]
Glenn Strange[u] 		Shuler Hensley[v]
Imhotep
The Mummy[102] 		Boris Karloff[w] Arnold Vosloo[x]
Dr. Jack Griffin
The Invisible Man[102] 		Claude Rains[y] Referenced Oliver Jackson-Cohen[z]
Bride of Frankenstein[101] Elsa Lanchester[aa]
Dr. Wilfred Glenn
Werewolf of London[102] 		Henry Hull[ab]
Countess Marya Zaleska
Dracula's Daughter[102] 		Gloria Holden[ac] Alisha Weir[ad]
Geoffrey Radcliffe
The Invisible Man[102] 		Vincent Price[ae]
Kharis
The Mummy[102] 		Tom Tyler[af]
Lon Chaney Jr.[ag]
Kitty Carol
The Invisible Woman[102] 		Virginia Bruce[ah]
Lawrence "Larry" Talbot
The Wolf Man[101] 		Lon Chaney Jr.[ai] Benicio del Toro[aj] Christopher Abbott[ak]
Frank "Raymond" Griffin
The Invisible Man[102] 		Jon Hall[al]
Count Alucard
Son of Dracula[102] 		Lon Chaney Jr.[am]
Robert Griffin
The Invisible Man[102] 		Jon Hall[an]
Phyllis Allenby
She-Wolf of London[102] 		June Lockhart[ao]
Gill-Man
The Creature[101] 		Ben Chapman [ap]
Ricou Browning [aq]
Tom Hennesy[ar]
Don Megowan[as]
Klaris
The Mummy[102] 		Eddie Parker[at]
Mathayus of Akkad
The Scorpion King[103] 		Dwayne Johnson[au]
Michael Copon[av]
Victor Webster[aw]
Zach McGowan[ax]
Han the Dragon Emperor
The Mummy[104] 		Jet Li[ay]
Dr. Heinrich "Henry" von Frankenstein Colin Clive[az] Cedric Hardwicke[ba] Samuel West[bb]
Brides of Dracula[105] Geraldine Dvorak,
Cornelia Thaw,
& Dorothy Tree[bc]
Uncredited actresses[bd] 		Silvia Colloca,
Elena Anaya,
& Josie Maran[be]
Robert Montague "R. M." Renfield[106] Dwight Frye[bf]
Pablo Álvarez Rubio[bg] 		Nicholas Hoult[bh]
Ygor Bela Lugosi[bi] Kevin J. O'Connor[bj]
Prof. Van Helsing Edward Van Sloan[bk]
Eduardo Arozamena[bl] 		Hugh Jackman[bm]

Television

Series Season(s) Episode(s) Originally released Creator(s) Executive producer Status
First released Last released Network
Monster Force 1 13 April 9, 1994 (1994-04-09) July 16, 1994 (1994-07-16) Syndication Marv Wolfman Sheldon S. Wiseman Ended
The Mummy: The Animated Series 2 26 September 29, 2001 (2001-09-29) June 7, 2003 (2003-06-07) Kids' WB Stephen Sommers and
Thomas Pugsley & Greg Klein 		Stephen Sommers Ended
Monster Force (1994)

Created by comic book author and artist Marv Wolfman, in collaboration with Universal Cartoon Studios, the show was developed to reintroduce the Universal Monsters to child audiences. The plot centers around a group of college-age students and their professor Dr. Reed Crawley to form a squad call the Monster Force, who through the use of some supernatural skills and technological weaponry must combat Dracula and his army called the Creatures of the Night. The series aired through broadcast syndication from April to July 1994. With mild viewership, the show was canceled after its first season.[107][better source needed][108]

The Mummy: The Animated Series (2001–2003)

Created by Stephen Sommers in collaboration with Thomas Pugsley and Greg Klein, the show is an animated adaptation of the film series which had starred Brendan Fraser. The television show centers around Imhotep / The Mummy, while following the adventures of Rick O'Connell and his family. Featuring the voices of Jim Cummings, John Schneider, Chris Marquette, Grey DeLisle, and an ensemble of supporting cast, the show was marketed towards younger audiences through Universal Cartoon Studios. Airing on The WB through the Kids' WB! programming block from September 2001 to June 2003, the show received critical acclaim while some critics called the release superior to the feature-length sequels to the live-action 1999 film.[107][better source needed][109][110]

Short films

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Producer
Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon February 21, 1954 (1954-02-21) Sid Smith & Edward Sobol John Grant and
Hugh Wedlock & Howard Snyder 		Edward Sobol
Van Helsing: The London Assignment May 11, 2004 (2004-05-11) Sharon Bridgeman Garfield Reeves-Stevens & Judith Reeves-Stevens John Kafka
Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)

Developed in collaboration with Colgate-Palmolive-Peet, the short was released during The Colgate Comedy Hour as a live-television comedy sketch created to introduce audiences to The Creature from the Black Lagoon. Continuing the trend with previous installments where Bud Abbott and Lou Costello meet the Universal Monsters, the short follows a plot where the two actors explore the studio's prop room which references some of their previous interactions with the various characters, while encountering the Invisible Man, Frankenstein's Monster (Glenn Strange), and the Gill-Man (Ben Chapman).[111][112][113]

Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004)

Developed as an anime-styled prologue to the 2004 feature-length film, the short was directed by Sharon Bridgeman from a script written by Garfield and Judith Reeves-Stevens. The plot takes place chronologically immediately before the live-action film and follows Gabriel Van Helsing's investigation in the grisly murders plaguing Victorian era London, and his discovery of a monstrous killer named Mr. Hyde. Marketed as the prequel to the theatrical release, it was produced for the straight-to-home video market by Universal and was received with mixed reception.[114][115][116]

Other media

Home video releases

The franchise has received a variety of home video packing boxsets including: The Classic Collection (1991-1994), the Classic Monster Collection (1999), The Legacy Collection (2004), the Essential Collection (2012), and the Complete Collection (2018).

Universal Studios Monsters films
Year Title The Classic Collection
(1991–94) 		Classic Monster Collection
(1999) 		The Legacy Collection
(2004) 		Essential Collection
(2012) 		Complete Collection
(2018) 		Ref(s)
1931 Dracula Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [117][118][119][120][121][122]
Dracula (Spanish) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [117][118][119][120][121][123]
Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [124][125][126][120][121][127]
1932 Murders in the Rue Morgue Yes No No No No [128][129]
The Mummy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [130][131][132][120][121][4]
Island of Lost Souls[bn] Yes No No No No [134][135]
1933 The Invisible Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [136][137][138][120][121][139]
1934 The Black Cat Yes No No No No [140][139]
1935 The Bride of Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [141][142][126][120][121][5]
Werewolf of London Yes No Yes No Yes [143][144][121][145]
The Raven Yes No No No No [146][147]
1936 Dracula's Daughter Yes No Yes No Yes [148][119][121][149]
1939 Son of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [150][126][121][151]
Tower of London Yes No No No No [152][153]
1940 The Invisible Man Returns Yes No Yes No Yes [154][138][121][155]
The Mummy's Hand Yes No Yes No Yes [156][132][121][157]
The Invisible Woman Yes No Yes No Yes [158][138][121][159]
1941 The Monster and the Girl[bn] Yes No No No No [160][161]
Man-Made Monster Yes No No No No [162][163]
The Wolf Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [164][165][144][120][121][166]
1942 The Ghost of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [167][126][121][168]
Invisible Agent Yes No Yes No Yes [169][138][121][170]
The Mummy's Tomb Yes No Yes No Yes [171][132][121][172]
1943 Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man Yes No Yes No Yes [173][144][121][174]
Captive Wild Woman Yes No No No No [175][176]
Phantom of the Opera Yes Yes No Yes Yes [177][178][120][121][179]
Son of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [180][119][121][181]
The Mad Ghoul Yes No No No No [182][183]
1944 The Invisible Man's Revenge Yes No Yes No Yes [184][138][121][185]
The Mummy's Ghost Yes No Yes No Yes [186][132][121][187]
House of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [188][126][121][189]
The Mummy's Curse Yes No Yes No Yes [190][132][121][191]
1945 House of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [192][119][121][193]
1946 House of Horrors Yes No No No No [194][195]
She-Wolf of London No No Yes No Yes [144][121][196]
1948 Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein No No No No Yes [121][197]
1951 Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man No No No No Yes [121][198]
1954 Creature from the Black Lagoon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [199][200][201][120][121][202]
1955 Revenge of the Creature Yes No Yes No Yes [203][201][121][204]
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy No No No No Yes [121][205]
1956 The Creature Walks Among Us Yes No Yes No Yes [206][201][121][207]

Literature

Novels

Universal Monsters novels
Title Author Publication date Publisher Notes Ref(s)
Return of the Wolfman Jeff Rovin January 1, 1999 (1999-01-01) Berkley Boulevard Books — [208]
Universal Monsters - Dracula: Return of Evil Larry Mike Garmon August 3, 2006 (2006-08-03) Scholastic, Incorporated Part of Larry Mike Garmon's Universal Monsters series [209]
Universal Monsters - The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising August 6, 2006 (2006-08-06) [210]
Universal Monsters - Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror March 24, 2009 (2009-03-24) [211]
Universal Monsters - The Mummy: Book of the Dead February 1, 2002 (2002-02-01) [212]
Universal Monsters - Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror March 24, 2009 (2009-03-24) [213]
Universal Monsters - Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance September 1, 2009 (2009-09-01) [214]
Dracula: Asylum Paul Witcover April 12, 2006 (2006-04-12) Dark Horse Comics — [215]
Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein Stefan Petrucha July 26, 2006 (2006-07-26) — [216]
Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon Paul Di Filippo August 23, 2006 (2006-08-23) — [217]
The Mummy: Dark Resurrection Michael Paine October 3, 2007 (2007-10-03) — [218]
The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon Michael Jan Friedman October 3, 2007 (2007-10-03) — [219]
The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride Elizabeth Hand December 5, 2007 (2007-12-05) — [220]

Comics

Dark Horse Comics (1993–2006)

Dark Horse Comics series
Title Writer Pencilller Inker Colorist Letterer Editor Designer Publication date
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[221] Den Beauvais Dan Thorsland Scott Tice May 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon[222] Steve Moncuse Arthur Adams Terry Austin Matt Hollingsworth Lois Buhalis August 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: Dracula[223] Dan Vado Jonathon D. Smith Clem Robins October 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: The Mummy[224] Dan Jolley Tony Harris Tony Harris Matt Hollingsworth Lois Buhalis November 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror[225] January 11, 2006

Skybound Entertainment (2023–present)

Skybound Entertainment series
Title Writer Pencilller Inker Colorist Letterer Editor Designer Premiere date Finale date
Universal Monsters: Dracula[226][227] James Tynion IV Martin Simmonds Rus Wooton Alex Antone Jillian Crab October 25, 2023 January 24, 2024
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon Lives![228] Ram V.

Dan Watters

Matthew Roberts Dave Stewart (1-2), Trish Mulvihill (3-4) D. C. Hopkins April 24, 2024 July 24, 2024
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[229] Michael Walsh Toni-Marie Griffin Becca Carey August 28, 2024 November 27, 2024
Universal Monsters: The Mummy[230] Faith Erin Hicks Lee Loughridge Hassan Otsmane-Elhaou March 26, 2025 TBA

Theme park attractions

  • Universal's Halloween Horror Nights: Since 1991 at Universal Parks & Resorts have featured characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise. From 2006 to 2014, the characters also appeared in the year-round walk-through attraction, Universal's House of Horrors, at Universal Studios Hollywood. The franchise is also the central theme of Universal's Horror Make-Up Show. The live show opened in 1990 at Universal Studios Florida and is still in operation.[231]
  • Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride: Opening in 2004 at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, the roller coaster with dark ride elements is based on the first two Mummy films of the remake era.[232]
  • Universal Epic Universe: In June 2024, it was revealed that Universal would be repurposing the concept and title of cancelled shared universe of films through Universal Destinations & Experiences' planned expansion of the Orlando park location. As a part of the expansion, a portion of the park named Universal Epic Universe will be developed to incorporate and center around the Universal Monsters, and will be titled Dark Universe. Thematically inspired by each of its films, the park is intended to serve as a modern day follow-up to the original films, where attendees can explore a town named Darkmoor Village. There they discover that the great-great-granddaughter of Henry Frankenstein named Victoria, has continued followed in the mad scientist footsteps of her family and has begun creating monsters of her own. Visitors attending the park will see the events of a plot unfold, where her latest experiment which was intended to bring all of the Universal Monsters under her control backfires as a result of Dracula's revolt. The Dark Universe will include attractions, locales from the films, a number of rides, and a combination of actors, animatronics, special effects, and cutting-edge technology that was developed for the park. The Dark Universe portion of the Universal Epic Universe park will open on May 22, 2025.[233][234] The location will include Dracula, Frankenstein's Monster, Wolf Man, Bride of Frankenstein, Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Mummy, Invisible Man, and various others from the studio's films.[235]
  • Universal Horror Unleashed: In 2025, a haunted house attraction will feature characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise.[236]

Legacy

The Universal Monsters have been attributed with directly influencing the horror genre and its filmmakers in the decades that followed,[237] as well as also retroactively adding additional depth to the source material for the characters.[238][239] The popularity of the franchise inspired decades of horror films that followed,[240] including leading to various unrelated media based on the characters and adapting in a variety of means.[241]

  • The Munsters franchise (1964–2022): A comedic sitcom formatted parody of horror, where a family of benign monsters navigate their existence among normal American experiences. Produced in collaboration with Universal Television, the franchise was able to employ the copyrighted designs of the Universal Monsters for the Munster family.[242] Versions of Frankenstein's Monster, Count Dracula, the Gill-Man, Dr. Frankenstein, The Wolf Man, Phantom of the Opera, Bride of Frankenstein, and Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde feature throughout its installments.[243]
  • Mad Monster Party? (1967): Developed by Rankin/Bass Productions Inc. as a stop motion animated musical comedy, the adaptation features incarnations of Universal Monsters with distinct variations to avoid copyright, including: Dr. Frankenstein (voiced by Boris Karloff), Frankenstein's Monster, Bride of Frankenstein, Count Dracula, the Wolf Man, The Mummy, Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Hunchback of Notre-Dame, and Invisible Man among various other monster-themed characters. Directed by Jules Bass, with a script written by Len Korobkin and Harvey Kurtzman, based on an original story from Arthur Rankin Jr., the plot centers around Dr. Frankenstein's invitation for all monsters to attend a retirement celebration at Castle Frankenstein to name is successor.[244] The feature-length film has been cited as a cult classic in the decades since its release.[245]

References

  1. ^ Jones 2012.
  2. ^ Mank 1981, p. 13.
  3. ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 5.
  4. ^ a b c Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 63.
  5. ^ a b c Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 120.
  6. ^ a b Chibnall & Petley 2002, p. 59.
  7. ^ Worland 2007, p. 68.
  8. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 8.
  9. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 12.
  10. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 3.
  11. ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 6.
  12. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 9.
  13. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 11.
  14. ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 13.
  15. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 14.
  16. ^ a b c d De Bruin-Molé 2022, pp. 14–15.
  17. ^ Rue Morgue 2015, p. 110.
  18. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 4.
  19. ^ McCullaugh 1992, p. 63.
  20. ^ a b Bessman 1999.
  21. ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, pp. 15–16.
  22. ^ "Unique Vintage Launches Universal Monsters Collection". Licesnse Global. August 19, 2020.
  23. ^ Kondrad, Jeremy (July 10, 2019). "Universal Monsters Ravensburger Game Horrified Coming August 1st". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  24. ^ Stella, Alicia (26 December 2022). "Everything We Know About Epic Universe - Universal Monsters". Theme Park Stop.
  25. ^ "The Mummy That Wasn't". Cinescape. May 3, 1999.
  26. ^ "Van Helsing: Universal's Plans for the Franchise That Never Was". 7 October 2022.
  27. ^ "A fan of the origine = Producer Talks Wolfman". Empire Online. 2008-03-21. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  28. ^ "Del Toro bites into 'Wolf Man'". Variety. 2006-03-14. Archived from the original on 2008-08-14. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  29. ^ a b Goldber, Matt (October 18, 2013). "Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman Planning Universal Monsters Cinematic Universe". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  30. ^ a b Gallagher, Brian (October 18, 2013). "Van Helsing and The Mummy Will Set Up a Monster Universe for Universal". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  31. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (July 16, 2014). "Universal Taps Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan To Relaunch Classic Movie Monster Franchises". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  32. ^ a b Schaefer, Sandy (October 2, 2014). "'Dracula Untold' Begins Universal's Monster Movie Shared Universe". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  33. ^ Coman, Monica (June 26, 2024). "Failed Universal's Dark Universe Film Finds New Success on Streaming". Comic Book Resource. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  34. ^ a b Mendelson, Scott (July 13, 2016). "What Universal Must Do To Sell Its Classic Monsters Universe". Forbes. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  35. ^ a b Barker, Stephen & Lewis Glazebrook (March 3, 2024). "7 Dark Universe Movies That Didn't Happen Because Of 2017's The Mummy Failure". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  36. ^ a b Goldber, Matt (May 22, 2017). "Next 'Dark Universe' Monster Movie Will Be 'Bride of Frankenstein' in February 2019". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  37. ^ a b Chitwood, Adam (April 10, 2017). "Chris Morgan Gives Universal Monsters Universe Update; Movie Order Still Up in the Air". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  38. ^ a b Gallagher, Brian (August 11, 2015). "Universal Monsters Reboots Will Be Horror Movies". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  39. ^ a b Orange, Alan B. (October 1, 2016). "The Mummy Teaser Starring Tom Cruise Arrives, Full Trailer Coming Sunday". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  40. ^ a b Franich, Darren (December 5, 2016). "The Mummy director Alex Kurtzman on making a modern-day monster movie". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  41. ^ Colbert, Stephen M. (November 9, 2023). "The Mummy 2017 Ending Explained". ScreenRant. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  42. ^ a b Scott, Ryan (May 22, 2017). "Depp and Bardem Confirmed as Invisible Man and Frankenstein's Monster". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  43. ^ Harris, Hunter (May 31, 2017). "How That Amazingly Terrible Universal-Monster-Universe Cast Photo Happened". Vulture. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Siegel, Tatiana (May 31, 2017). "Can Universal Create a Marvel-Like Universe With 'The Mummy' and Other Monster Flicks?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rebecca Ford, Borys Kitt, & Carolyn Giardina (July 21, 2017). "Hollywood Rethinks Key Movie Franchises Amid a Mixed Summer at the Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ a b c d Kit, Borys & Aaron Couch (November 8, 2017). "Universal's 'Monsterverse' in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  47. ^ a b Oloman, Jordan (January 24, 2018). "Dark Universe Being 'Reconfigured' By Universal After Setbacks". IGN. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  48. ^ a b Schaefer, Sandy (May 18, 2018). "Universal's Dark Universe Might Not Be Dead After All". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  49. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (May 29, 2020). "Ryan Gosling's 'Wolfman' Gears Up at Universal as Director Decision Nears (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  50. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (January 25, 2019). "'Invisible Man' Finds Director, Sets New Course for Universal's Monster Legacy (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  51. ^ Cunningham, Todd (July 20, 2014). "Blumhouse Signs 10-Year Production Deal With Universal Pictures". The Wrap. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  52. ^ Dominguez, Noah (August 18, 2018). "Spawn Producer Jason Blum Interested In Reviving Dark Universe". Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  53. ^ Hall, Jacob (May 31, 2017). "Universal's 'Dark Universe' Films Will Have Wildly Different Budgets; Warner Bros. Considering Legal Action Over The Name". SlashFilm. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  54. ^ Zinski, Dan (November 11, 2020). "Blumhouse Doesn't Have Control Of Dark Universe Despite Invisible Man & Wolfman". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  55. ^ Boo, Bernard (October 19, 2022). "How Dracula Untold's Master Vampire Was Once the Key to the Universal MonsterVerse". Den of Geek. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  56. ^ Dockertman, Eliana (June 9, 2017). "How The Mummy Sets Up a Massive New Monster Movie Franchise". Time. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  57. ^ Ito, Robert (February 27, 2020). "There's No Dark Universe Anymore, Just One Monster After Another". The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  58. ^ Kit, Borys (November 20, 2019). "'Rocketman' Director Dexter Fletcher, Robert Kirkman Tackling Universal Monster Movie 'Renfield'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  59. ^ Reyes, Mike (August 13, 2023). "If The Last Voyage Of The Demeter Started The Dark Universe, The Universal Monsters Franchise Might Have Survived". Cinemablend. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  60. ^ Kit, Borys (May 9, 2023). "'Matilda: The Musical' Star Alisha Weir Joins Melissa Barrera in Untitled Monster Movie From 'Scream VI' Filmmakers (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 5, 2024. Without copping to the project's plot or lineage (Dracula's Daughter was a classic Universal horror movie produced in 1936), the studio is noting that the untitled horror feature is in the vein of recent Universal films such as Leigh Whannell's The Invisible Man and the Nicolas Cage starrer Renfield in that it will be a unique take on legendary monster lore and will represent a fresh, new direction for how to celebrate these classic characters.
  61. ^ Barnhardt, Adam (December 18, 2023). "Radio Silence's Universal Monster Movie Wraps Filming". ComicBook.com. Retrieved October 5, 2024. It's a Universal Monster movie and that, for us, is insane that we're making a Universal Monster movie", Radio Silence's Matt Bettinelli-Olpin shared with ComicBook.com. "...Let's make this original movie, it's a standalone movie, there is a monster in it, that much is for sure.
  62. ^ Taylor, Drew (September 6, 2024). "Blumhouse's 'Wolf Man' Trailer Reinvents a Universal Monster Classic". The Wrap. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  63. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 12, 2019). "Paul Feig, Universal Hatch New Monster Movie: 'Dark Army'". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  64. ^ Evry, Max (October 28, 2019). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Talks Universal Monsters for Dark Army!". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  65. ^ Chitwood, Adam (February 13, 2020). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Gives an Update on His Universal Monster Movie 'Dark Army'". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  66. ^ Chitwood, Adam (May 22, 2020). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Gives Update on 'Dark Army': "I Want to Make a True Monster Movie"". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  67. ^ a b Donnelly, Matt (February 11, 2020). "Hollywood Still Trying to Put a Ring on Universal's 'Bride of Frankenstein' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  68. ^ a b Auty, Dan (February 11, 2020). "Bride Of Frankenstein Reboot Might Still Happen Despite Dark Universe Failure—Report – GameSpot". GameSpot. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  69. ^ Miska, Brad (November 20, 2019). "James Wan Assembling New Take on 'Frankenstein'". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  70. ^ Muncer, Mike (Feb 27, 2020). "The Invisible Man (2020) with Jason Blum & Leigh Whannell". The Evolution of Horror. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  71. ^ Kit, Borys (March 6, 2020). "James Wan Developing Monster Movie for Universal (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  72. ^ Kroll, Justin (November 26, 2019). "Elizabeth Banks to Direct, Star in Invisible Woman for Universal". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  73. ^ Couch, Aaron (February 7, 2020). "Musical 'Monster Mash' Movie in the Works at Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  74. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 4, 2021). "Golden Globe Nominee Chloé Zhao Directing 'Dracula' For Universal". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 8, 2024.
  75. ^ a b Kit, Borys (July 10, 2020). "'Toy Story 4' Director Josh Cooley Tackling 'Little Monsters' for Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  76. ^ Boone, Josh (February 28, 2020). "'The Invisible Man': Elisabeth Moss Explains That Ending (Exclusive)". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  77. ^ McCarthy, Kevin (May 23, 2020). "Jason Blum & Leigh Whannell talk Invisible Man sequel, Snyder Cut, Blade Runner & Superman". Fox 5 Washington D.C. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  78. ^ Kroll, Justin (November 10, 2020). "'Scorpion King' Reboot In Works From Dwayne Johnson And Dany Garcia's Seven Bucks Productions And Universal; 'Straight Outta Compton' Scribe Jonathan Herman Penning Script". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  79. ^ Kroll, Justin (November 20, 2020). "'21 Jump Street' Team Reunites As Channing Tatum, Phil Lord & Chris Miller Partner On Mystery Monster Movie At Universal". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  80. ^ Kroll, Justin (November 14, 2015). "Universal's 'Van Helsing' Reboot Enlists Scribes Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  81. ^ Kroll, Justin (December 1, 2020). "Universal And James Wan Tap 'Overlord' Director Julius Avery To Direct New 'Van Helsing' Movie". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  82. ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (December 10, 2021). "Universal Plots French Quarter-Set Adaptation Of 'Phantom Of The Opera'; Studio Buys John Fusco Spec, Harvey Mason Jr, John Legend & Mike Jackson Producing". Deadline. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  83. ^ Murray 2005, pp. 154–156.
  84. ^ Archerd, Army (July 30, 1992). "Olympics to cross finish line in style". Variety. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  85. ^ "Recreating the Eighth Wonder". King Kong (3-disc Deluxe Extended Edition DVD), 2006.
  86. ^ Archerd, Army (February 12, 1996). "Hiller relieved that noms weren't leaked". Variety. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  87. ^ Linder, Brian (August 7, 2002). "Del Toro to Uni's Creature Redo". IGN. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  88. ^ Snyder, Gabriel (October 19, 2005). "U's 'Creature' meets maker". Variety. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  89. ^ Nelson, Jeff (June 24, 2021). "Universal Rejected James Gunn's Creature From The Black Lagoon Pitch". ScreenRant. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  90. ^ Kit, Borys (November 3, 2017). "How Guillermo del Toro's 'Black Lagoon' Fantasy Inspired 'Shape of Water'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  91. ^ Rubin, Rebecca (August 12, 2024). "'Creature From the Black Lagoon' Remake in the Works From James Wan". Variety. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  92. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 30, 2024). "Atomic Monster & Universal's 'The Creature From The Black Lagoon' Sets Sean Tretta To Write". Deadline. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  93. ^ Gallagher, Brian (October 18, 2013). "Van Helsing and The Mummy Will Set Up a Monster Universe for Universal". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  94. ^ Siegel, Tatiana, & Borys Kit (March 10, 2020). "New 'Dracula' Movie in the Works as Universal Remakes Its Monsterverse (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  95. ^ McNary, Dave (March 10, 2020). "Dracula Movie in Development at Blumhouse With Karyn Kusama Directing". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  96. ^ Dela Paz, Maggie (June 8, 2020). "Dracula: Karyn Kusama Teases Her Faithful Adaptation to the Classic Novel". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  97. ^ D'Alessandro, Mike Fleming Jr,Anthony (2022-04-18). "Blumhouse-Miramax Dracula Movie 'Mina Harker' Scrapped". Deadline. Retrieved 2024-12-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  98. ^ Fink, Richard & Amanda Minchin (February 1, 2024). "Dark Universe: All the Canceled Films Planned". MovieWeb. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  99. ^ Melzer, James (October 22, 2024). "Wolf Man Director Reveals the Universal Monster He'd Love to Update Next". MovieWeb. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  100. ^ Damaske, Damion (August 5, 2021). "Meet the original Dark Universe monsters!". JoBlo. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  101. ^ a b c d e f g Frasure, Kevin (June 10, 2022). "Top 10 Classic Universal Monster Movies as Rated by Rotten Tomatoes". Collider. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  102. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Crow, David (October 28, 2023). "All Universal Monsters Movies Ranked". Den of Geek. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  103. ^ Banks, Richard (November 15, 2021). "Scorpion King Producer Gives Status Update On Upcoming Reboot". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  104. ^ Castro, Danilo (February 28, 2020). "Universal's Horror Remakes Ranked". Next Best Picture. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  105. ^ Weiss, Josh (August 1, 2024). "Van Helsing: Why the NFL Owes a Debt of Gratitude to Stephen Sommers' Wild Monster Mash Movie". Syfy. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  106. ^ Sagers, Aaron (April 17, 2023). "Renfield Team Talks Potential of Exploring Universal Monsters' World". Den of Geek. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  107. ^ a b Bollettieri, Spencer (July 22, 2023). "10 Weirdest Cartoons Based on Great Horror Movies". Comic Book Resource. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  108. ^ Screaming Soup! staff (February 3, 2015). "Monster Force Re-animated Review". Screaming Soup!. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  109. ^ Trumbore, Dave (July 25, 2020). "'The Mummy' Animated Series Exists, But Shout It? - Saturday Morning Cartoons". Collider. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  110. ^ Ali, Hajra (February 24, 2024). "The Mummy: The Animated Series Season 1 Streaming: Watch and Stream Online via Peacock". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  111. ^ George, Joseph (September 11, 2019). "Meet the Monsters: Ranking the Monster Movies of Unlikely Horror Icons Abbott and Costello". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  112. ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature From the Black Lagoon 1954 DVD". Monsters in Motion. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  113. ^ Prince, Diana (June 29, 2021). "BOO's On First: Abbott, Costello, And The Universal Monsters". Fangoria. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  114. ^ Tyler, Joshua (May 27, 2016). "Van Helsing: The London Assignment". Cinemblend. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  115. ^ Ferguson, Murray (September 4, 2021). "Hugh Jackman's Forgotten Van Helsing Anime Prequel Is Better Than The Movie". ScreenRant. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  116. ^ Miller III, Randy (May 11, 2004). "Van Helsing: The London Assignment". DVD Talk. Retrieved September 13, 2004.
  117. ^ a b Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  118. ^ a b Dracula (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  119. ^ a b c d e Dracula: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  120. ^ a b c d e f g h i Universal Classic Monsters: The Essential Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2012.
  121. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Universal Classic Monsters: Complete 30-Film Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2018.
  122. ^ Rhodes 2014, p. 245.
  123. ^ Rhodes 2014, p. 282.
  124. ^ Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  125. ^ Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  126. ^ a b c d e Frankenstein: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  127. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 38.
  128. ^ Murders in the Rue Morgue (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  129. ^ Mank 2010, p. 105.
  130. ^ The Mummy (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  131. ^ The Mummy (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  132. ^ a b c d e The Mummy: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  133. ^ McDougal, Dennis (2001). The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA, and the Hidden History of Hollywood (pp. 231–232). Da Capo Press.
  134. ^ Island of Lost Souls (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  135. ^ "At the Theatres This Week". Arizona Daily Star. December 18, 1932. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  136. ^ The Invisible Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  137. ^ The Invisible Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  138. ^ a b c d e The Invisible Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  139. ^ a b Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 78.
  140. ^ The Black Cat (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  141. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  142. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  143. ^ Werewolf of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  144. ^ a b c d The Wolf Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  145. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 129.
  146. ^ The Raven (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  147. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 138.
  148. ^ Dracula's Daughter (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  149. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 162.
  150. ^ Son of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  151. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 182.
  152. ^ Tower of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  153. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 200.
  154. ^ The Invisible Man Returns (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  155. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 207.
  156. ^ The Mummy's Hand (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  157. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 229.
  158. ^ The Invisible Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  159. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 237.
  160. ^ The Monster and the Girl (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  161. ^ "The Monster and the Girl". American Film Institute. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  162. ^ Man-Made Monster (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  163. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 241.
  164. ^ The Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  165. ^ The Wolf Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  166. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 261.
  167. ^ The Ghost of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  168. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 275.
  169. ^ Invisible Agent (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  170. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 294.
  171. ^ The Mummy's Tomb (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  172. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 305.
  173. ^ Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  174. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 322.
  175. ^ Captive Wild Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  176. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 337.
  177. ^ Phantom of the Opera (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  178. ^ Phantom of the Opera (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  179. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 345.
  180. ^ Son of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  181. ^ Kiss 2019, p. 95.
  182. ^ The Mad Ghoul (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  183. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 373.
  184. ^ The Invisible Man's Revenge (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  185. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 400.
  186. ^ The Mummy's Ghost (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  187. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 417.
  188. ^ House of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  189. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 447.
  190. ^ The Mummy's Curse (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  191. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 456.
  192. ^ House of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  193. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 501.
  194. ^ House of Horrors (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  195. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 525.
  196. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 539.
  197. ^ "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello Meet Frankenstein". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  198. ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Invisible Man". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  199. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  200. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  201. ^ a b c Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  202. ^ "Creature from the Black Lagoon". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  203. ^ Revenge of the Creature (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  204. ^ "Revenge of the Creature". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  205. ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Mummy". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  206. ^ The Creature Walks Among Us (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  207. ^ "The Creature Walks Among Us". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  208. ^ Rovin, Jeff. "Return of The Wolf Man". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  209. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Dracula: Return of Evil". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  210. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  211. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  212. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Mummy: Book of the Dead". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  213. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  214. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  215. ^ Witcover, Paul. "Dracula: Asylum". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  216. ^ Petrucha, Stefan. "Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  217. ^ Di Filippo, Paul. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  218. ^ Pain, Michael. "The Mummy: Dark Resurrection". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  219. ^ Friedman, Michael Jan. "The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  220. ^ Hand, Elizabeth. "The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  221. ^ "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  222. ^ "Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  223. ^ "Universal Monsters: Dracula :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  224. ^ "Universal Monsters: The Mummy :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  225. ^ "Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror TPB Collection :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  226. ^ Salmon, Will (2023-07-18). "Dracula bites back in the first of a new series of Universal Monsters comics from Skybound". gamesradar. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  227. ^ First Comics News (2023-07-14). "James Tynion IV & Martin Simmonds Launch Universal Monsters: Dracula Comic Book Series". Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  228. ^ Kit, Borys (2024-01-12). "'Creature from the Black Lagoon' Comic Book Coming from Robert Kirkman's Skybound Entertainment (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  229. ^ Schedeen, Jesse (2024-02-29). "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein Reimagines the Iconic Movie Monster". IGN. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  230. ^ Salmon, Will (2024-12-13). "Universal Monsters: The Mummy resurrects the undead fiend for a "horrifyingly romantic" new series". gamesradar. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  231. ^ Gavin, Michael (October 24, 2017). "It's Alive! Universal Studios' Classic Monster Café gets updated with new life – and is ghoulishly gorgeous". Inside the Magic. JAK Schmidt, Inc. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  232. ^ Stellin, Susan (February 9, 2004). "TECHNOLOGY; High-Tech Mummy Ride Aims to Combine the Fright Factor With Roller Coaster Thrills". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  233. ^ "Universal Orlando". Universal Orlando Resort. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  234. ^ Tapp, Tom (June 20, 2024). "Dark Universe Revealed: New World At Universal Orlando's Epic Universe Will Include Werewolf Coaster & Frankenstein's Experiment Gone Awry". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  235. ^ "Introducing Dark Universe at Universal Epic Universe". Universal Orlando Resort. Universal. June 20, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  236. ^ Weprin, Alex (October 31, 2024). "Universal Plans Year-Round Haunted Houses Based on 'Exorcist' and 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  237. ^ Oliva, Andrew (October 30, 2023). "How Universal's Classic Monsters Paved the Way for Modern Horror". State University of New York: The Dragon Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  238. ^ Bishop, Ben (October 11, 2022). "How Universal's Monster Movies Retroactively Changed the Source Material". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  239. ^ Mosley, Matthew (November 4, 2023). "The Invisible Man Was Almost Played by a Different Universal Monster Icon". Collider. Retrieved December 18, 2024. No studio is as closely associated with monster movies as Universal Pictures. Their contributions to the genre during the Golden Age of Hollywood are among the most recognizable in film, with some leaving such an indelible mark on popular culture they eclipsed the popularity of their original novels...
  240. ^ Colangelo, BJ (October 2, 2022). "The 15 Best Universal Monster Movies, Ranked". SlashFilm. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
  241. ^ Theis, Gabriel (August 24, 2024). "The Munsters: 10 Movies That Pay Homage to the Universal Monster Movies". ScreenRant. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  242. ^ The Munsters: America's First Family of Fright (Television production). 2003.
  243. ^ DiVincenzo, Alex (September 22, 2022). ""The Munsters" – Six Classic Monsters That Appeared in the Original Series and Movies". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  244. ^ Grebey, James (October 26, 2022). "There is truly no better time to watch 'Mad Monster Party', the 'Rudolph' of Halloween". Syfy. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  245. ^ Matheson, Whitney (October 5, 2009). "Must-see Halloween classic: 'Mad Monster Party'". USA Today. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

Additional sources

Notes

  1. ^ Baggot portrayed the character in the silent film, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913).
  2. ^ Karloff portrayed Jekyll, while Parker portrayed Hyde in Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953).
  3. ^ Fisher portrayed Jekyll, while Coltrane voiced a CGI-created Hyde in Van Helsing (2004).
  4. ^ Crowe portrayed the character in The Mummy (2007).
  5. ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent film, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923).
  6. ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent film, The Phantom of the Opera (1925) where the character is named Erik.
  7. ^ Rains portrayed the character in the remake, Phantom of the Opera (1943) where the character is named Erique Claudin.
  8. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
  9. ^ Villar portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the film, Drácula (1931) where the character is named Conde Drácula.[102]
  10. ^ Carradine portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), and House of Dracula (1945).
  11. ^ Lugosi reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  12. ^ Langella portrayed the character in the remake of the 1931 original, Dracula (1979 film).
  13. ^ Roxburgh portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Count Vladislaus Dracula.
  14. ^ Evans portrayed the character in Dracula Untold (2014), where the character is depicted as the historical figure Vlad III "the Impaler" Dracula in an origin story.
  15. ^ Cage portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
  16. ^ Botet portrayed the character in The Last Voyage of the Demeter (2023).
  17. ^ Goode portrayed the character in Abigail (2024), where the character has the alias of Kristof Lazaar.
  18. ^ Karloff portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939).
  19. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  20. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943).
  21. ^ Strange portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  22. ^ Hensley portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  23. ^ Karloff portrayed the character in The Mummy (1932).
  24. ^ Vosloo portrayed the character in The Mummy (1999), and The Mummy Returns (2001).
  25. ^ Rains portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (1933).
  26. ^ Jackson-Cohen portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (2020), where the character is named Adrian Griffin.
  27. ^ Lanchester portrayed the character in The Bride of Frankenstein (1935).
  28. ^ Hull portrayed the character in Werewolf of London (1935).
  29. ^ Holden portrayed the character in Dracula's Daughter (1936).
  30. ^ Weir portrayed the character in Abigail (2024), where the character has the alias of Abigail Lazaar.
  31. ^ Price portrayed the character in The Invisible Man Returns (1940); he later reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  32. ^ Tyler portrayed the character in The Mummy's Hand (1940).
  33. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Mummy's Tomb (1942), The Mummy's Ghost (1944), and The Mummy's Curse (1944).
  34. ^ Bruce portrayed the character in The Invisible Woman (1940).
  35. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Wolf Man (1941), Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  36. ^ del Toro portrayed the character in The Wolfman (2010).
  37. ^ Abbott will portray the character in Wolf Man (2025).
  38. ^ Hall portrayed the character in Invisible Agent (1942).
  39. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in Son of Dracula (1943).
  40. ^ Hall played another character in The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944).
  41. ^ Lockhart portrayed the character in She-Wolf of London (1946).
  42. ^ Chapman portrayed the character in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), while Browning served as underwater stunt double.
  43. ^ Browning served as the underwater performer for the Creature in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Revenge of the Creature (1955), and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956).
  44. ^ Hennesy portrayed the character in Revenge of the Creature (1955), while Browning once again served as the underwater stunt double.
  45. ^ Megowan portrayed the character in The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), while Browning again served as the underwater stunt double.
  46. ^ Parker portrayed the character in Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).
  47. ^ Johnson portrayed the character in The Mummy Returns (2001), and The Scorpion King (2002).
  48. ^ Copon portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008), while Pierre Marais featured as the character at a younger age.
  49. ^ Webster portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012), and The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power (2015).
  50. ^ McGowan portrayed the character in The Scorpion King: Book of Souls (2018).
  51. ^ Li portrayed the character in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008).
  52. ^ Clive portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), and The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), while the actor's likeness was used for reference on the oil painting familial portrait in Son of Frankenstein (1939).
  53. ^ Hardwicke portrays the ghostly apparition of the character during a hallucination sequence in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  54. ^ West portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  55. ^ The actresses (Dvorak, Thaw, and Tree) portrayed the characters in Dracula (1931).
  56. ^ A trio of uncredited actresses portrayed the characters in the Spanish-language version of the film Drácula (1931).
  57. ^ The actresses (Anaya, Colloca, and Maran) portrayed the characters in Van Helsing (2004), where the characters are named Verona, Aleera, and Marishka, respectively.
  58. ^ Frye portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
  59. ^ Rubio portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the film, Drácula (1931).
  60. ^ Hoult portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
  61. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Son of Frankenstein (1939), and The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  62. ^ O'Connor portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  63. ^ Van Sloan portrayed the character in Dracula (1931), and Dracula's Daughter (1936).
  64. ^ Arozamena portrayed the character in Spanish-language version of the film, Drácula (1931).
  65. ^ Jackman portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Gabriel Van Helsing.
  66. ^ a b Although originally produced and released by Paramount Pictures, MCA Inc. obtained the rights to the film in 1958 and acquired Universal in 1962 and branded it with Universal Studios Monsters in its 1991 home video release.[133]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Universal_Monsters&oldid=1266139210"