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==Initial work==
==Initial work==
Although a newcomer to Washington, he recruited a team of established, high-level advisers devoted to broad themes that exceeded the usual requirements of an incoming first-term senator.<ref>{{cite news | first=Charles | last=Babington | coauthors=Shailagh Murray | title=For Now, an Unofficial Rivalry | date=[[December 8]] [[2006]] | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/07/AR2006120701755.html | work=Washington Post | accessdate=2008-01-21}}<br/>{{cite news | first=Mike | last=Dorning | title=Obama's Policy Team Loaded with All-Stars | date=[[September 17]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-obama_mon_nusep17,1,4819101,full.story | work=Chicago Tribune | accessdate=2008-01-21}}</ref> Obama hired [[Pete Rouse]], a 30-year veteran of national politics and former chief of staff to Senate Democratic Leader [[Tom Daschle]], as his chief of staff, and economist [[Karen Kornbluh]], former deputy chief of staff to Secretary of the Treasury [[Robert Rubin]], as his policy director.<ref>{{cite news | first=Jodi | last=Enda | title=Great Expectations | date=[[February 5]] [[2006]] | url=http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?articleId=10828 | work=The American Prospect | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Perry | last=Bacon Jr. | title=The Outsider's Insider | date=[[August 27]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/26/AR2007082601446.html | work=Washington Post | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> His key foreign policy advisers have included former [[Presidency of Bill Clinton| Clinton administration]] officials [[Anthony Lake]] and [[Susan E. Rice| Susan Rice]], as well as [[Samantha Power]], author on human rights and genocide (who resigned [[March 7]], [[2008]]).<ref>{{cite news | first=James | last=Traub | title=Is (His) Biography (Our) Destiny? | date=[[November 4]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/magazine/04obama-t.html | work=New York Times | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Neil | last=King | title=Obama Tones Foreign-Policy Muscle | date=[[September 5]] [[2007]] | url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118895877299317784.html | work=Wall Street Journal | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Lynn | last=Sweet | title=Obama Taps Influential Foreign Policy Experts | date=[[May 10]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/sweet/379187,CST-EDT-sweet10.article | work=Chicago Sun-Times | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> Obama holds assignments on the Senate Committees for [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Foreign Relations]];<ref>[http://www.salon.com/opinion/conason/2007/12/29/obama_europe/ Barack Obama's chairmanship of the Senate Subcommittee on European Affairs], [[Salon.com]]</ref> [[United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions|Health, Education, Labor and Pensions]]; [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]]; and [[United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs|Veterans' Affairs]], and he is a member of the [[Congressional Black Caucus]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://obama.senate.gov/committees/ | title=Committee Assignments | accessdate=2008-01-14 | work=Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office}}<br />{{cite news | title=Member Info | url=http://www.house.gov/kilpatrick/cbc/member_info.html | work=Congressional Black Caucus | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />See also: {{cite news | first=Jeff | last=Zeleny | title=When It Comes to Race, Obama Makes His Point—With Subtlety | date=[[June 26]] [[2005]] | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-050626obama-race,1,7205709.story | work=Chicago Tribune | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> He is a chairman of the Subcommittee on [[United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs|European Affairs]].<ref>Tom Baldwin, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3080794.ece 'Stay-at-home' Barack Obama comes under fire for a lack of foreign experience], The Times</ref>Nonpartisan analyses of bill sponsorship and voting records have placed him as a "rank-and-file Democrat" and "Democratic Party loyalist."<ref>{{cite news | title=Members of Congress: Barack Obama | url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400629 | work=GovTrack | accessdate=2008-03-31}}<br/>{{cite news | first=Tom | last=Curry | title=What Obama's Senate Votes Reveal | date=[[February 21]] [[2008]] | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23276453/ | work=MSNBC | accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> <!--
Although a newcomer to Washington, he sucked cock and recruited a team of established, high-level advisers devoted to broad themes that exceeded the usual requirements of an incoming first-term senator.<ref>{{cite news | first=Charles | last=Babington | coauthors=Shailagh Murray | title=For Now, an Unofficial Rivalry | date=[[December 8]] [[2006]] | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/07/AR2006120701755.html | work=Washington Post | accessdate=2008-01-21}}<br/>{{cite news | first=Mike | last=Dorning | title=Obama's Policy Team Loaded with All-Stars | date=[[September 17]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-obama_mon_nusep17,1,4819101,full.story | work=Chicago Tribune | accessdate=2008-01-21}}</ref> Obama hired [[Pete Rouse]], a 30-year veteran of national politics and former chief of staff to Senate Democratic Leader [[Tom Daschle]], as his chief of staff, and economist [[Karen Kornbluh]], former deputy chief of staff to Secretary of the Treasury [[Robert Rubin]], as his policy director.<ref>{{cite news | first=Jodi | last=Enda | title=Great Expectations | date=[[February 5]] [[2006]] | url=http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?articleId=10828 | work=The American Prospect | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Perry | last=Bacon Jr. | title=The Outsider's Insider | date=[[August 27]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/26/AR2007082601446.html | work=Washington Post | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> His key foreign policy advisers have included former [[Presidency of Bill Clinton| Clinton administration]] officials [[Anthony Lake]] and [[Susan E. Rice| Susan Rice]], as well as [[Samantha Power]], author on human rights and genocide (who resigned [[March 7]], [[2008]]).<ref>{{cite news | first=James | last=Traub | title=Is (His) Biography (Our) Destiny? | date=[[November 4]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/magazine/04obama-t.html | work=New York Times | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Neil | last=King | title=Obama Tones Foreign-Policy Muscle | date=[[September 5]] [[2007]] | url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118895877299317784.html | work=Wall Street Journal | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />{{cite news | first=Lynn | last=Sweet | title=Obama Taps Influential Foreign Policy Experts | date=[[May 10]] [[2007]] | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/sweet/379187,CST-EDT-sweet10.article | work=Chicago Sun-Times | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> Obama holds assignments on the Senate Committees for [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Foreign Relations]];<ref>[http://www.salon.com/opinion/conason/2007/12/29/obama_europe/ Barack Obama's chairmanship of the Senate Subcommittee on European Affairs], [[Salon.com]]</ref> [[United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions|Health, Education, Labor and Pensions]]; [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]]; and [[United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs|Veterans' Affairs]], and he is a member of the [[Congressional Black Caucus]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://obama.senate.gov/committees/ | title=Committee Assignments | accessdate=2008-01-14 | work=Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office}}<br />{{cite news | title=Member Info | url=http://www.house.gov/kilpatrick/cbc/member_info.html | work=Congressional Black Caucus | accessdate=2008-01-14}}<br />See also: {{cite news | first=Jeff | last=Zeleny | title=When It Comes to Race, Obama Makes His Point—With Subtlety | date=[[June 26]] [[2005]] | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-050626obama-race,1,7205709.story | work=Chicago Tribune | accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> He is a chairman of the Subcommittee on [[United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs|European Affairs]].<ref>Tom Baldwin, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3080794.ece 'Stay-at-home' Barack Obama comes under fire for a lack of foreign experience], The Times</ref>Nonpartisan analyses of bill sponsorship and voting records have placed him as a "rank-and-file Democrat" and "Democratic Party loyalist."<ref>{{cite news | title=Members of Congress: Barack Obama | url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400629 | work=GovTrack | accessdate=2008-03-31}}<br/>{{cite news | first=Tom | last=Curry | title=What Obama's Senate Votes Reveal | date=[[February 21]] [[2008]] | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23276453/ | work=MSNBC | accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> <!--


The following sentence is a compromise that was reached at the talk page (see the archives). Please do not modify it without discussion.
The following sentence is a compromise that was reached at the talk page (see the archives). Please do not modify it without discussion.

Revision as of 00:12, 22 May 2008

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Barack Obama
Barack Obama
United States Senator
from Illinois
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 4 2005
Serving with Richard Durbin
Preceded byPeter Fitzgerald
Personal details
Born (1961-08-04) August 4, 1961 (age 63)
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMichelle Obama
Residence(s)(Kenwood), Chicago, Illinois
Alma materColumbia University,
Harvard Law School

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This article is part of
a series about
Barack Obama
Personal
Illinois State Senator and U.S. Senator from Illinois
44th President of the United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Barack Obama's signature
Seal of the President of the United States

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The United States Senate career of Barack Obama began on January 4 2005.[1]

Initial work

Although a newcomer to Washington, he sucked cock and recruited a team of established, high-level advisers devoted to broad themes that exceeded the usual requirements of an incoming first-term senator.[2] Obama hired Pete Rouse, a 30-year veteran of national politics and former chief of staff to Senate Democratic Leader Tom Daschle, as his chief of staff, and economist Karen Kornbluh, former deputy chief of staff to Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin, as his policy director.[3] His key foreign policy advisers have included former Clinton administration officials Anthony Lake and Susan Rice, as well as Samantha Power, author on human rights and genocide (who resigned March 7, 2008).[4] Obama holds assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations;[5] Health, Education, Labor and Pensions; Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Veterans' Affairs, and he is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.[6] He is a chairman of the Subcommittee on European Affairs.[7]Nonpartisan analyses of bill sponsorship and voting records have placed him as a "rank-and-file Democrat" and "Democratic Party loyalist."[8] The U.S. Senate Historical Office lists him as the fifth African American Senator in U.S. history, the third to have been popularly elected, and the only African American currently serving in the Senate.[9]

109th Congress

Obama took an active role in the Senate's drive for improved border security and immigration reform. In 2005, he cosponsored the "Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act" introduced by Sen. John McCain (R-AZ).[10] He later added three amendments to the "Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act", which passed the Senate in May 2006, but failed to gain majority support in the U.S. House of Representatives.[11] In September 2006, Obama supported a related bill, the Secure Fence Act, authorizing construction of fencing and other security improvements along the United States–Mexico border.[12] President Bush signed the Secure Fence Act into law in October 2006, calling it "an important step toward immigration reform."[13]

Senate bill sponsors Tom Coburn (R-OK) and Obama discuss the Coburn-Obama Transparency Act.[14]

Partnering first with Sen. Dick Lugar (R-IN), and then with Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK), Obama successfully introduced two initiatives bearing his name. "Lugar-Obama" expands the Nunn-Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons, including shoulder-fired missiles and anti-personnel mines.[15][16][17] The Lugar-Obama initiative subsequently received $48 million in funding.[18] The "Coburn-Obama Transparency Act" provides for the web site USAspending.gov, managed by the Office of Management and Budget. The site lists all organizations receiving Federal funds from 2007 onward and provides breakdowns by the agency allocating the funds, the dollar amount given, and the purpose of the grant or contract.[19] In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the "Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act," marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor.[20]

As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In August 2005, he traveled to Russia, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan. The trip focused on strategies to control the world's supply of conventional weapons, biological weapons, and weapons of mass destruction as a first defense against potential terrorist attacks.[21] Following meetings with U.S. military in Kuwait and Iraq in January 2006, Obama visited Jordan, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. At a meeting with Palestinian students two weeks before Hamas won the legislative election, Obama warned that "the U.S. will never recognize winning Hamas candidates unless the group renounces its fundamental mission to eliminate Israel."[22] He left for his third official trip in August 2006, traveling to South Africa, Kenya, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Chad. In a nationally televised speech at the University of Nairobi, he spoke forcefully on the influence of ethnic rivalries and corruption in Kenya.[23] The speech touched off a public debate among rival leaders, some formally challenging Obama's remarks as unfair and improper, others defending his positions.[24]

110th Congress

In the first month of the newly Democratic-controlled 110th Congress, Obama worked with Russ Feingold (D–WI) to eliminate gifts of travel on corporate jets by lobbyists to members of Congress and require disclosure of bundled campaign contributions under the "Honest Leadership and Open Government Act," which was signed into law in September 2007.[25] He joined Chuck Schumer (D-NY) in sponsoring S. 453, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections, including fraudulent flyers and automated phone calls, as witnessed in the 2006 midterm elections.[26] Obama's energy initiatives scored pluses and minuses with environmentalists, who welcomed his sponsorship with John McCain (R-AZ) of a climate change bill to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by two-thirds by 2050, but were skeptical of his support for a bill promoting liquefied coal production.[27] Obama also introduced the "Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007," a bill to cap troop levels in Iraq, begin phased redeployment, and remove all combat brigades from Iraq before April 2008.[28]

Later in 2007, Obama sponsored with Kit Bond (R-MO) an amendment to the 2008 Defense Authorization Act adding safeguards for personality disorder military discharges, and calling for a review by the Government Accountability Office following reports that the procedure had been used inappropriately to reduce government costs.[29] He sponsored the "Iran Sanctions Enabling Act" supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry,[30] and joined Chuck Hagel (R-NE) in introducing legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism.[31] A provision from the Obama-Hagel bill was passed by Congress in December 2007 as an amendment to the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill.[31] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to provide one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries.[32] After passing both houses of Congress with bipartisan majorities, SCHIP was vetoed by President Bush in early October 2007, a move Obama said "shows a callousness of priorities that is offensive to the ideals we hold as Americans."[33]

Voting record

One analysis of bill co-sponsorship classified Obama as a "rank-and-file Democrat". Another, of party-line votes, tagged him a "Democratic Party loyalist."[34] The National Journal, in its 27th annual vote ratings, identified Obama as "the most liberal senator" in 2007. Of the Senate's 442 roll-call votes the publication chose 99 as important and useful in drawing ideological distinctions. Obama voted for the "liberal position" on 65 of 66 occasions. He had ranked as the 16th- and 10th-most-liberal during his first two years in the Senate. Hillary Clinton ranked as the 16th most liberal Senator in 2007, voting differently than Obama on only 10 of the 297 votes considered in calculating the rankings.[35] Asked about the Journal's characterization of his voting record, Obama expressed doubts about the survey's methodology and blamed "old politics" categorization of political positions as "conservative" or "liberal" for creating predispositions that prevent problem-solving.[36]

Ratings of Obama's liberalism by the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), based on 20 ADA-selected votes each year, declined from 100% in 2005 to 95% in 2006, with one vote the ADA counted as not-liberal in 2006, and 75%, with five missed votes, in 2007.[37][38]

A study of the voting records of all 100 senators, using an average of the ratings of seven liberal interest groups, described Obama as "among the least liberal" of the Democrats.[39]

Recognition and honors

Since his election to the US Senate, Obama has had a number of awards and honours bestowed on him by various groups. An October 2005 article in the British journal New Statesman listed Obama as one of "10 people who could change the world,"[40] the only politician included on the list. In 2005 and again in 2007, Time magazine named him one of "the world's most influential people."[41] During his first three years in the U.S. Senate, Obama received Honorary Doctorates of Law from Knox College (2005),[42] University of Massachusetts Boston (2006),[43] Northwestern University (2006),[44] Xavier University of Louisiana (2006),[45] Southern New Hampshire University (2007),[46] and Howard University (2007).[47] The audiobook edition of Dreams from My Father earned Obama the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 2006.[48] He won the award a second time in 2008 for the spoken word edition of The Audacity of Hope. [49] A school in Obama's father's hometown, which the senator visited on his 2006 Kenya trip, was renamed the "Senator Barack Obama Primary School."[50]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "About Barack Obama". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  2. ^ Babington, Charles (December 8 2006). "For Now, an Unofficial Rivalry". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    Dorning, Mike (September 17 2007). "Obama's Policy Team Loaded with All-Stars". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Enda, Jodi (February 5 2006). "Great Expectations". The American Prospect. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
    Bacon Jr., Perry (August 27 2007). "The Outsider's Insider". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Traub, James (November 4 2007). "Is (His) Biography (Our) Destiny?". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
    King, Neil (September 5 2007). "Obama Tones Foreign-Policy Muscle". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
    Sweet, Lynn (May 10 2007). "Obama Taps Influential Foreign Policy Experts". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Barack Obama's chairmanship of the Senate Subcommittee on European Affairs, Salon.com
  6. ^ "Committee Assignments". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
    "Member Info". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
    See also: Zeleny, Jeff (June 26 2005). "When It Comes to Race, Obama Makes His Point—With Subtlety". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Tom Baldwin, 'Stay-at-home' Barack Obama comes under fire for a lack of foreign experience, The Times
  8. ^ "Members of Congress: Barack Obama". GovTrack. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
    Curry, Tom (February 21 2008). "What Obama's Senate Votes Reveal". MSNBC. Retrieved 2008-03-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Breaking New Ground: African American Senators". U.S. Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
  10. ^ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session (May 12 2005). "S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Immigration Bill Divides House, Senate". USA Today. September 22 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also: "Obama Statement on Senate Passage of Immigration Reform Bill". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. May 25 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "Latinos Upset Obama Voted for Border Fence". CBS 2 (Chicago). November 20 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "President Bush Signs Secure Fence Act". White House. October 26 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "President Bush Signs Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act". White House. September 26 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 2nd Session (May 25 2006). "S. 2566, Cooperative Proliferation Detection, Interdiction Assistance, and Conventional Threat Reduction Act of 2006". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Lugar, Richard G (December 3 2005). "Junkyard Dogs of War". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Lugar-Obama Nonproliferation Legislation Signed into Law by the President". Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office. January 11 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Obama, Lugar Secure Funding for Implementation of Nonproliferation Law". Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office. June 28 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 2nd Session (April 6 2006). "S. 2590, Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) "President Bush Signs Coburn-Obama Transparency Act". Tom Coburn U.S. Senate Office. September 26 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 2nd Session (January 3 2006). "S. 2125, Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Larson, Christina (September 2006). "Hoosier Daddy: What Rising Democratic Star Barack Obama Can Learn from an Old Lion of the GOP". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  22. ^ Goudie, Chuck (January 12, 2006). "Obama Meets with Arafat's Successor". ABC 7 News (Chicago). Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ "Obama Slates Kenya for Fraud". News24.com. August 28, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ Wamalwa, Chris (September 2, 2006). "Envoy Hits at Obama Over Graft Remark". The Standard (Nairobi). Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Moracha, Vincent (September 4, 2006). "Leaders Support Obama on Graft Claims". The Standard (Nairobi). Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Weixel, Nathaniel (November 15 2007). "Feingold, Obama Go After Corporate Jet Travel". The Hill. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Weixel, Nathaniel (December 5 2007). "Lawmakers Press FEC on Bundling Regulation". The Hill. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also: "Federal Election Commission Announces Plans to Issue New Regulations to Implement the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007". Federal Election Commission. September 24 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Stern, Seth (January 31 2007). "Obama-Schumer Bill Proposal Would Criminalize Voter Intimidation". CQPolitics.com. New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) U.S. Senate, 110th Congress, 1st Session (January 31 2007). "S. 453, Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2007". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) See also: "Honesty in Elections" (editorial). New York Times. January 31 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ H. Josef, Hebert (January 29 2007). "Congress Begins Tackling Climate Issues". Associated Press. CBS News. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Williamson, Elizabeth (January 10 2007). "The Green Gripe With Obama: Liquefied Coal Is Still... Coal". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Krystin, E. Kasak (February 7 2007). "Obama Introduces Measure to Bring Troops Home". Medill News Service. nwi.com. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) "Latest Major Action: 1/30/2007 Referred to Senate committee." U.S. Senate, 110th Congress, 1st Session (January 30 2007). "S. 433, Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "Obama, Bond Hail New Safeguards on Military Personality Disorder Discharges, Urge Further Action". Kit Bond U.S. Senate Office. October 1 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also: Dine, Philip (December 23 2007). "Bond Calls for Review of Military Discharges". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved 2008-02-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ U.S. Senate, 110th Congress, 1st Session (May 17 2007). "S. 1430, Iran Sanctions Enabling Act". Thomas. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) See also: Graham-Silverman, Adam (September 12 2007). "Despite Flurry of Action in House, Congress Unlikely to Act Against Iran". CQ Today. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b "Obama, Schiff Provision to Create Nuclear Threat Reduction Plan Approved". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. December 20 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ "Senate Passes Obama, McCaskill Legislation to Provide Safety Net for Families of Wounded Service Members". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. August 2 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ Pugh, Tony (October 4 2007). "Battles Set After Health Bill Veto". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Members of Congress: Barack Obama". GovTrack. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
    Nather, David (January 14 2008). "The Space Between Clinton and Obama". CQ Weekly. Retrieved 2008-04-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
    See also: Curry, Tom (February 21 2008). "What Obama's Senate Votes Reveal". MSNBC. Retrieved 2008-04-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ "Obama: Most Liberal Senator In 2007". National Journal. January 31 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also: "From The Editor". and "Key Votes Used To Calculate The Ratings".
  36. ^ "Obama Interview" (transcript). WJLA-TV. Politico. February 12 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also: "Politico's Harris and VandeHei Misrepresented Harris' Own Interview with Obama". Media Matters for America. March 19 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ "Senator Barack H. Obama Jr. (IL)". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  38. ^ "2007 Congressional Voting Record Inside" (PDF). ADA Today. Americans for Democratic Action. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  39. ^ "Election 2008: Presidential, Senate and House Races". electoral-vote.com. April 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Skidelsky, William (October 17 2005). "Revolutionising the Future: From Tennis to Teleportation". New Statesman. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Bacon Jr., Perry (April 18, 2005). "Barack Obama: The Future of the Democratic Party?". Time. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Klein, Joe (May 14 2007). "The TIME 100: Barack Obama". Time. Retrieved 2009-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ "Commencement 2005: Knox honors U.S. Senator Barack Obama". Knox College. May 10 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ "U.S. Sen. Barack Obama to Receive Honorary Degree, Address 2,500 UMass Boston Graduates". University of Massachusetts Boston. May 26, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ "Commencement 2006: Sen. Obama to Address Grads". Northwestern University. June 6 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ "Sen. Obama Addresses Xavier Graduates". Associated Press. USA Today. August 13 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ "SNHU Commencement with Sen. Barack Obama". Southern New Hampshire University. May 19 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ^ "Obama Calls the 'Joshua Generation'". Boston Globe. September 28 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Boliek, Brooks (September 6, 2006). "Sen. Obama Finally Gets His Grammy". Reuters/Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ "Obama Wins a Grammy for 'Hope' Book". Associated Press. KVOA.com. February 10 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ Gnecchi, Nico (2006-08-27). "Obama Receives Hero's Welcome at His Family's Ancestral Village in Kenya". Voice of America. Broadcasting Board of Governors (independent agency of the United States government). Retrieved 2008-02-25.

Further reading

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Political offices
Preceded by Illinois State Senator from 13th district
January 8, 1997 - November 4, 2004 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 3) from Illinois
January 4, 2005 - present
Served alongside: Richard Durbin 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic Party nominee for Senator from Illinois
(Class 3)
2004 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States order of precedence
United States Senators by seniority 		Succeeded by
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