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Typhoons in the Korean Peninsula

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Typhoon Bavi approaching South Korea as a Category 3 typhoon in August 2020

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula region located over Eastern Asia. The region is divided into North Korea and South Korea.

Climatologically, in the Northwest Pacific basin, most tropical cyclones tend to develop between May and October. Typhoons impacting this region are not uncommon, with the bulk of these storms doing so in the third quarter (July to September). This article includes any tropical cyclone of any intensity that affected the Korean Peninsula.

20th century

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Pre-1980s

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  • August 28, 1936 – a typhoon struck South Korea, killing 1,104 people.[1]
  • July 10, 1939 – a typhoon struck the western coast of North Korea.[2]
  • July 12, 1940 – local newspapers reported a typhoon that struck the city of Seoul, killing 52 people.[3]
  • July 23, 1940 – a typhoon moved across much of the Korean Peninsula.[3]
  • August 4, 1945 – Tropical Storm Eva moved northwards affecting much of peninsula before dissipating.
  • August 19–20, 1946 – as a weakening storm, Tropical Storm Lilly made landfall over South Korea and affected much of the peninsula.

1980s

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  • August 28, 1986 ― Typhoon Vera made landfall near the Kunsan Air Base in South Korea. Nationwide, a total of 1,852 structures were damaged, which resulted in over 6,000 people being homeless.
  • July 15, 1987 ― Typhoon Thelma strikes South Korea and moves northward. Rainfall across the nation varied, but peaked at 270 mm (11 in) in Kangnung. In all, 123 people died from the typhoon.
  • August 2–3, 1987 ― Tropical Depression Alex moves over North Korea. The storm deluged the country with up to 300 mm (12 in) of rainfall in a single day.
  • August 30–31, 1987 ― Typhoon Dinah nears the southeastern coast of South Korea without making landfall, however the typhoon brought strong winds and rainfall, with a peak rainfall total of 300 mm (11.8 in) being measured in South Chungcheong Province. 33 people died from the typhoon.
  • July 28–29, 1989 ― Tropical Storm Judy made landfall to the west of Busan. Heavy rains from the storm exacerbated ongoing floods, leading to at least 20 fatalities.
  • September 17, 1989 ― The remnant low of Tropical Storm Vera passed by the Korean Peninsula.

1990s

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Tropical Storm Gladys in August 1991; it is the seventh deadliest storm to hit the region
  • September 1, 1990 ― Tropical Storm Abe brought heavy rain and gale-force winds to South Korea prior to transitioning to an extratropical cyclone near the east coast of the peninsula.[4]
  • July 29–30, 1991 ― Typhoon Caitlin, while nearing the region, had typhoon warnings across much of South Korea. Caitlin triggered torrential rainfall that only killed two people.
  • August 22–23, 1991 ― Tropical Storm Gladys passes by South Korea bringing heavy rainfall. During a 24-hour period in Ulsan, 420 mm (16.4 in) of rain fell, the most ever recorded on record.[5] 90 people died from the storm.
  • September 27, 1991 ― The outer rain bands of Typhoon Mireille, the costliest typhoon at the time (and the costliest typhoon on record, if inflation is taken into account), brought rainfall and rough seas in South Korea, which killed two people.
  • September 24, 1992 ― Tropical Storm Ted made landfall over the western portion of South Korea before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone.
  • August 10, 1993 ― Typhoon Robyn brought rough seas up to 6.1 to 10.7 m (20 to 35 ft) along the southeastern coast of South Korea. Roughly 45 people were killed by the typhoon.
  • July 27, 1994 ― Tropical Depression Walt neared the southern coast of South Korea and Jeju Island. It is said that rainfall across the country helped improve severe drought conditions.[6]
  • July 31–August 1, 1994 ― Tropical Storm Brendan traversed the central part of the Korean Peninsula, also reliving drought conditions at that time.
  • August 9–10, 1994 ― Tropical Storm Doug neared the southwestern coast of South Korea, bringing gusty winds of about 64 mph (103 km/h).[7]
  • October 11, 1994 ― Typhoon Seth batters most of South Korea with gusty winds of heavy rainfall.
  • July 23–24, 1995 ― Typhoon Faye impacts the Korean Peninsula as a moderate typhoon. Rough wave in Pusan Harbor resulted in two ships colliding.[8][9]
  • August 26, 1995 ― Tropical Storm Janis made landfall near Seoul and affects most of the region with mostly heavy rainfall.
  • August 8–9, 1997 ― Typhoon Tina closes by Jeju Island, but also impacts South Korea.
  • September 28–30, 1998 ― Typhoon Yanni brings a tremendous amount of rainfall that killed 50 people.
  • July 27–28, 1999 ― Tropical Storm Neil affects South Korea. There were wind gusts of up to 95 km/h (60 mph) on Cheju Island and the peak rainfall reported from the storm was over 200 mm (8 inches).[10] As the storm dissipated over Korea, it caused flash floods that killed at least seven and left 7,000 homeless.[11]
  • August 3, 1999 ― Typhoon Olga impacts the Korean Peninsula. 106 people have been killed due to torrential rainfall that led to landslides, along with strong winds.
  • September 19, 1999 ― Tropical Storm Ann brought moderate rain of up to 100 mm (4 inches) to Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong on September 18.[12]
  • September 22–23, 1999 ― Typhoon Bart and its outflow brought rainfall over South Korea.

21st century

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2000s

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Typhoon Maemi nearing South Korea on September 12, 2003
  • September 13–16, 2000 ― Typhoon Saomai brought heavy rainfall and strong winds that caused power outages to 422,000 homes.
  • July 6–8, 2002 ― Tropical Storm Rammasun passes a short distance to the west of Jeju Island before making landfall near the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The storm dropped more than 300 mm (12 in) of rainfall.[14]
  • July 27, 2002 ― Tropical Storm Fengshen passes just close off Jeju Island.
  • August 31, 2002 ― Typhoon Rusa made landfall over Goheung, South Korea. It was the most powerful typhoon to strike the country in 43 years. 233 people died there, with an extra three from North Korea.
  • June 19, 2003 ― Typhoon Soudelor dropped about 500 mm (20 in) of rainfall at Hallasan in Jeju Province in South Korea. The storm also caused 4 m (13 ft) seas.[15]
  • September 11–12, 2003 ― Typhoon Maemi impacts Korea as a strong typhoon. It was one of the most powerful typhoons to strike South Korea. 117 people have died from the typhoon.
  • July 4, 2004 ― The extratropical remnants of Typhoon Mindulle affected the peninsula bringing rainfall and strong winds.
  • August 17–19, 2004 ― Typhoon Megi brought heavy rainfall over South Korea. The heaviest 24‑hour rain total was 332.5 mm in Wando.
  • September 6–7, 2004 ― The outskirts of the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall in South Korea, with a peak 24‑hour total of 112 mm (4.4 in) on the offshore island of Ulleungdo. On the mainland, Pohang recorded 110.5 mm (4.35 in) of rainfall over 24 hours.[16]
  • August 8, 2005 ― The remnants of Typhoon Matsa produced moderate amounts of rainfall reaching 229 mm (9.0 in) in Masan.[17]
  • September 6–7, 2005 ― Typhoon Nabi nears the eastern portion of South Korea, bringing record rainfall in Ulsan and Pohang. The periphery of the storm produced gusts of 121 km/h (75 mph) in the port city of Busan.[18]
  • May 19, 2006 ― The trough that engulfed the remnant low of Chanchu drew moisture from the typhoon, leading to heavy rainfall in portions of South Korea that reached 144 mm (5.7 in) on Jeju Island. Along with strong winds, the rains caused ferry and flight cancelations.[19]
  • July 9–10, 2006 ― Typhoon Ewiniar hits the Korean Peninsula. Severe flooding and several landslides occurred. Damages throughout the country amounted to ₩2.06 trillion (US$1.4 billion),[20] while there has been roughly 203 people who have been killed - with most coming from North Korea.
  • August 18–20, 2006 ― Tropical Storm Wukong brushed the eastern coast of South Korea, producing heavy rainfall.[21]
  • September 17–18, 2007 ― Typhoon Shanshan and its outer outflow brought heavy rainfall over southeastern Korea. Busan had reported 60 mm (2 inches) of rainfall at that time.[22]
  • September 16–17, 2007 ― Typhoon Nari made landfall over South Korea, bringing torrential rainfall. The hardest hit area was Jeju Island, where rainfall amounted to a record 590 mm (23.2 in).[23] 20 people were killed.[24] Jeju Island was declared a national disaster area by the South Korean government.[25]
  • September 20–21, 2007 ― The remnant low of Typhoon Wipha affected the Korean Peninsula, with most of its effects seen in North Korea, where their flooding has worsened. A total of 1,649 people were left homeless following the storm.[26]
  • July 22, 2008 ― The remnants of Typhoon Kalmaegi produced heavy rains over the Korean Peninsula, peaking at 237.5 mm (9.3 in) in Seoul. Heavy flooding killed four people.
  • August 12, 2009 ― The remnants of Typhoon Morakot brought rainfall over the Korean Peninsula.[27]

2010s

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Typhoon Soulik approaching Korea on August 22, 2018

2020s

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Climatology

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Storms Affecting the Korean Peninsula by month
Month Number of Storms
May
1
June
2
July
23
August
33
September
24
October
5

Deadly storms

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The following list are the ten most deadly storms that impacted the Korean Peninsula. Total number of deaths recorded are only from the country itself.

Rank Name Year Number of Deaths
1 "1936 Korea typhoon" 1936 1,516
2 Sarah 1959 669
3 Lionrock 2016 525
4 Rusa 2002 236
5 Ewiniar 2006 203
6 Thelma 1987 123
7 Maemi 2003 117
8 Olga 1999 106
9 Gladys 1991 90
10 Khanun 2012 89

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Top 25 Natural Disasters in Republic of Korea according to Number of Killed(1901-2000)" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  2. ^ Bernard F. Doucette (1939). "Additional Report on Typhoons and Depressions over the Far East: July 1939" (PDF). United States Weather Bureau. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
  3. ^ a b Bernard F. Doucette (1940). "Typhoons and Depressions over the Far East: July 1940" (PDF). United States Weather Bureau. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
  4. ^ "Earthweek: A Diary of the Planet". The World. September 8, 1990. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  5. ^ "At Least 60 Dead, Dozens Missing as Typhoon Lashes South Korea". Associated Press. August 24, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  6. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Super Typhoon Walt. Retrieved on 2007-05-19.
  7. ^ "From this wreckage on a Korean runway, all 160 passengers and crew escaped". The Independent. August 11, 1994. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  8. ^ "AT LEAST 13 DIE AS TYPHOON FAYE FLAILS S. KOREA". Deseret News. Associated Press. July 24, 1995. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  9. ^ World's Deadliest Storms (Television special). United States: Nash Entertainment. 1999. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via YouTube.
  10. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Storm Neil (09W)" (PDF). 1999 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. p. 48. Retrieved 2013-08-19.
  11. ^ Newman, Steve (1999-08-06). "Earthweek - A Diary of the Planet". CNN. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
  12. ^ Climate Prediction Center (1999-09-18). "Weekly Global Climate Highlights". Archived from the original on 2006-10-11. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
  13. ^ Padgett, Gary (August 2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2000". Australiansevereweather.com. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  14. ^ Ted Anthony (2002-07-05). "Storm sweeps China's east coast, killing five people in migrant-worker village". Associated Press. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  15. ^ Kim So-young (2003-06-20). "Heavy rain soaks southern region". Korea Herald. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  16. ^ Kevin Boyle (2005-05-17). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2004". Retrieved 2015-09-19.
  17. ^ Gary Padgett (2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2005". Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  18. ^ Jin Hyun-joo (September 7, 2005). "Nabi Hits the Peninsula, Causing Damages". The Korea Herald. – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  19. ^ Chung Ah-young (2006-05-20). "Heavy Rain Hits South". The Korea Times. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  20. ^ "ROK : 21 more areas declared special disaster zones". Korean Information Service. ReliefWeb. August 12, 2006. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  21. ^ "Typhoon No. 10 Slams Into Japan". The Great Red Comet. August 16, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
  22. ^ "Typhoon Forecast to Hit South Korea This Weekend". KBS News. 2006-09-16. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
  23. ^ Gary Padgett (February 13, 2008). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for September 2007". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
  24. ^ "Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2007" (PDF). Swiss Re. 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2009. [dead link]
  25. ^ Yoon Won-sup (September 20, 2007). "Jeju Designated Disaster Area". The Korean Times. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
  26. ^ "DPR Korea: Floods". ReliefWeb. December 4, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  27. ^ "Review of the 2008 Typhoon Season Annual publications: Republic of Korea". Korea Meteorological Agency. 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
  28. ^ (in Korean) "제5호 태풍 메아리[Meari]의 특징". 방재안전관리연구센터. June 30, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  29. ^ Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report Impact Forecasting—2012 (PDF) (Report). AON. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  30. ^ "Second typhoon pounds S. Korea, kills two". The Bangkok Post. August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  31. ^ 강한 태풍 '솔릭' 한반도 접근 중...'관통하는 태풍'은 6년 만 (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. August 19, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  32. ^ 제주 태풍 '다나스' 피해 2억4천500만원 추산. ZUM. October 9, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  33. ^ "Damage Reported as Typhoon Neoguri Hits Jeju". Haps Magazine. July 9, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  34. ^ "Tropical Rainstorm Matmo to Impact Japan". AccuWeather. July 26, 2014. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  35. ^ Alex Sosnowski (August 11, 2015). "Soudelor Brings Heavy Rain to Japan". AccuWeather. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
  36. ^ Global Catastrophe Recap September 2016 (PDF) (Report). Aon Benfield. October 6, 2016. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  37. ^ Rescuers struggle to reach flood-hit communities in DPRK as humanitarian needs increase. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). ReliefWeb. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  38. ^ Wheeler, Alex (7 October 2016). "Typhoone Chaba batters South Korea leaving hundreds homeless and seven dead". International Business Times. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  39. ^ Hong, Jun-ki (6 October 2016). "Typhoon Chaba Sets New Records". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  40. ^ Hamish Macdonald (September 3, 2018). "Dozens dead, tens of thousands displaced by flooding in North Korea: UN". NK News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  41. ^ "설악산 190mm 비…강원 영동 100mm 이상 폭우 예상(종합)" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. August 7, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  42. ^ 태풍 '링링' 전남지역 피해액 101억원 잠정 집계 (in Korean). The Korea Economic Daily. September 17, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  43. ^ 13호 태풍 '링링'으로 71억원 피해 본 인천 강화군…특별재난지역 선포 (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  44. ^ 포항시, 태풍 '타파' 13억6100만원 피해 (in Korean). News Daily. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  45. ^ 문, 서현 (October 8, 2019). 제17호 태풍 타파 재난지원금 109억 잠정집계 (in Korean). News Daily. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  46. ^ "3 dead, 3 still missing after boats capsize amid severe flooding in South Korea".
  47. ^ Courtney Spamer (August 12, 2020). "Tropical Storm Jangmi continues flood threat for South Korea, Japan". Accuweather. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  48. ^ "South Korea floods, landslides kill dozens, displace thousands". Al Jazeera. August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  49. ^ 정부, 태풍 '마이삭'·'하이선' 피해 복구비 6천63억원 확정 (in Korean). KBS World. September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  50. ^ "Typhoon Omais leaves behind flooded homes, damaged roads, railways in S. Korea". The Korea Herald. August 24, 2014.
  51. ^ "Typhoon Hinnamnor makes landfall, thousands evacuate to safety". The Korea Times. 2022-09-06. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-06.