Jump to content

Eurovision Song Contest 1985

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from To katalava arga)

Eurovision Song Contest 1985
Dates
Final4 May 1985
Host
VenueScandinavium
Gothenburg, Sweden
Presenter(s)Lill Lindfors
Musical directorCurt-Eric Holmquist
Directed bySteen Priwin
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producerSteen Priwin
Host broadcasterSveriges Television (SVT)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/gothenburg-1985 Edit this at Wikidata
Participants
Number of entries19
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
  • A coloured map of the countries of EuropeBelgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Netherlands in the Eurovision Song ContestSwitzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Monaco in the Eurovision Song ContestLuxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Malta in the Eurovision Song ContestAustria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song ContestMorocco in the Eurovision Song ContestCyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985
         Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1985
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Norway
"La det swinge"
1984 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1986

The Eurovision Song Contest 1985 was the 30th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 4 May 1985 in the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), and presented by Lill Lindfors, the contest was held in Sweden following the country's victory at the 1984 contest with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" by Herreys.

Nineteen countries participated in the contest; Greece and Israel returned after a one-year absence, while the Netherlands and Yugoslavia, which had participated in the previous year's event, declined to enter due to separate memorial events in those countries coinciding with the date of the contest.

The winner was Norway with the song "La det swinge", composed and written by Rolf Løvland and performed by the group Bobbysocks!. This was Norway's first contest victory, and only the third top five placing for a country which had placed last on six previous occasions, including three times receiving nul points. With a total of 123 points, "La det swinge" remains the lowest scoring winner under the voting system used between 1975 and 2015. Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Israel rounded out the top five positions.

Location

[edit]
Scandinavium, Gothenburg – host venue of the 1985 contest

The 1985 contest took place in Gothenburg, Sweden, following the country's victory at the 1984 contest with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" performed by Herreys. It was the second time that Sweden had hosted the event, ten years after the previous staging held in the country, when the 1975 contest was held in Stockholm.[1] The chosen venue was the Scandinavium, an indoor arena inaugurated in 1971, home to the Frölunda HC ice hockey team and the venue of the annual Gothenburg Horse Show.[2][3][4] The Scandinavium was chosen by host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT) from a number of bids submitted by various Swedish cities and venues; among those known to have been considered to stage the contest were the Berwald Hall in Stockholm and the Tipshallen [sv] in Jönköping.[5] The stadium's maximum capacity of 14,000 people was reduced to 8,000 attendees for the contest, in order to provide space for the stage and technical equipment; this still made it the largest venue and the largest assembled audience in the history of the contest up to that point.[3][6][7] During the week leading up to the rehearsals and the televised event, EBU and SVT held an official reception for the participating delegations, which was held on the evening of 1 May at Kronhuset.[6]

Participating countries

[edit]
Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1985 – Participation summaries by country
1978 contest winner Izhar Cohen represented Israel for a second time at this year's event.

Nineteen countries in total participated in the 1985 contest. Greece and Israel both returned following a one-year absence, however the Netherlands and Yugoslavia, which had competed in the previous year's contest, declined to enter in 1985 as the date of the contest coincided with memorial days in the countries, specifically the Remembrance of the Dead, and the anniversary of the death of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito, respectively.[2][6] It was the first time in the contest's history that there was no entry from the Netherlands, with the nation having previously competed in every event since its creation in 1956.[6][7][8]

Several of the participating artists in this year's event had previously competed in past editions of the contest. Izhar Cohen, who had previously won the 1978 contest with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" alongside the group Alphabeta, made a second contest appearance for Israel at this event;[9] Hot Eyes represented Denmark for a second consecutive year;[10] Al Bano and Romina Power also made a second contest appearance for Italy, having previously competed for the country in 1976;[11] the two members of Norway's group Bobbysocks! had previously competed in the event separately, with Hanne Krogh having represented Norway in 1971, and Elisabeth Andreasson previously competing for Sweden in 1982 as a member of the group Chips;[12] Kikki Danielsson, who was also a member of Chips, competed in this event as a solo artist for Sweden;[13] the Swiss duo Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini [de] had also previously competed in the contest for Switzerland on separate entries, with Farré having competed in 1983 as a soloist, while Gasparini had been a member of the Pepe Lienhard Band which had represented Switzerland in 1977;[14][15] Gary Lux competed for Austria in this event as a solo artist, having previously represented the country in 1983 as a member of the group Westend;[16] and Ireen Sheer, who had twice competed in Eurovision, for Luxembourg in 1974 and for Germany in 1978, represented Luxembourg again at this contest alongside five other artists.[17] Additionally, Cyprus's Lia Vissi had previously participated as backing vocalist for Greece at the contest on two separate occasions, in 1979 and 1980, the latter as a member of the group the Epikouri, and Rhonda Heath, who was a member of the group Silver Convention that had represented Germany in 1977, returned as a backing vocalist for Austria at this event.[18][19][20]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[18][21]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Austria ORF Gary Lux "Kinder dieser Welt" German
Richard Oesterreicher
 Belgium BRT Linda Lepomme "Laat me nu gaan" Dutch
  • Pieter Verlinden
  • Bert Vivier
 Curt-Eric Holmquist
 Cyprus CyBC Lia Vissi "To katalava arga" (Το κατάλαβα αργά) Greek Lia Vissi Haris Andreadis
 Denmark DR Hot Eyes "Sku' du spørg' fra no'en" Danish
Wolfgang Käfer
 Finland YLE Sonja Lumme "Eläköön elämä" Finnish
  • Petri Laaksonen
  • Veli-Pekka Lehto
 Ossi Runne
 France Antenne 2 Roger Bens "Femme dans ses rêves aussi" French Didier Pascalis Michel Bernholc
 Germany BR[a] Wind "Für alle" German Hanne Haller Rainer Pietsch
 Greece ERT Takis Biniaris "Miazoume" (Μοιάζουμε) Greek
Haris Andreadis
 Ireland RTÉ Maria Christian "Wait Until the Weekend Comes" English Brendan Graham Noel Kelehan
 Israel IBA Izhar Cohen "Olé, Olé" (עולה, עולה) Hebrew
Kobi Oshrat
 Italy RAI Al Bano and Romina Power "Magic, Oh Magic" Italian
Fiorenzo Zanotti
 Luxembourg CLT Margo, Franck Olivier, Chris Roberts, Malcolm Roberts, Ireen Sheer and Diane Solomon "Children, Kinder, Enfants" French
Norbert Daum
 Norway NRK Bobbysocks! "La det swinge" Norwegian Rolf Løvland Terje Fjærn
 Portugal RTP Adelaide "Penso em ti, eu sei" Portuguese
José Calvário
 Spain TVE Paloma San Basilio "La fiesta terminó" Spanish Juan Carlos Calderón Juan Carlos Calderón
 Sweden SVT Kikki Danielsson "Bra vibrationer" Swedish
Curt-Eric Holmquist
  Switzerland SRG SSR Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini "Piano, piano" German
Anita Kerr
 Turkey TRT MFÖ "Didai didai dai" Turkish
Garo Mafyan
 United Kingdom BBC Vikki "Love Is" English
John Coleman

Production and format

[edit]

The Eurovision Song Contest 1985 was produced by the Swedish public broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT). Steen Priwin [sv] served as executive producer and director, Ingemar Wiberg [sv] served as designer, and Curt-Eric Holmquist served as musical director, leading the orchestra.[2][23] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[18]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[24][25] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance.[24][26] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[26][27]

The results of the 1985 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[28] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of eleven individuals, who were all required to be members of the public with no connection to the music industry, with a recommendation that there should be a balance between the sexes and that half should be under 25 years old. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and five votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[29][30]

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 28 April 1985. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals of 40 minutes were held on 29 and 30 April, followed by a press conference for each delegation and the accredited press. Each country's second rehearsals were held on 1 and 2 May and lasted 25 minutes total. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 3 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 4 May, with an invited audience present for the second dress rehearsal.[6]

Contest overview

[edit]
Hanne Krogh (left) and Elisabeth Andreasson, the members of Bobbysocks!, during their Eurovision performance.

The contest was held on 4 May 1985, beginning at 21:00 (CEST) and lasting 2 hours and 46 minutes.[2][18] The event was presented by the Swedish singer Lill Lindfors; Lindfors had previously represented Sweden in the 1966 contest, placing second alongside Svante Thuresson with the song "Nygammal vals".[6][31] Following the confirmation of the nineteen participating countries, a draw was held in Gothenburg on 7 December 1984 to determine the running order (R/O) of the contest.[6]

Lindfors opened the contest with a performance of "My Joy Is Building Bricks of Music", an English version of her song "Musik ska byggas utav glädje", becoming the first contest presenter to perform during the contest.[7][31] To mark the thirtieth staging of the contest, among the invited audience present was Lys Assia, the contest's first winning artist and representative for Switzerland in three consecutive contests, in 1956, 1957 and 1958.[18][32] The interval act featured jazz guitarists Peter Almqvist and Ulf Wakenius, performing as Guitars Unlimited.[33][34] Lindfors was also part of a memorable moment from the contest, when returning to the stage following the interval act the skirt of her outfit, designed by Christer Lindarw, got caught on the set and ripped off in an apparent wardrobe malfunction, before Lindfors unclipped the top portion of her outfit to reveal a dress;[35][7][29] returning to the microphone, she remarked to the audience, "I just wanted you to wake up a little."[36] The trophy awarded to the winning songwriter was presented by the previous year's winning artists Herreys.[33][36]

The winner was Norway represented by the song "La det swinge", composed and written by Rolf Løvland, and performed by Hanne Krogh and Elisabeth Andreasson as Bobbysocks!.[12][37] It was Norway's first contest win, and marked a notable turnaround in fortune for the country, which had only placed in the top five on two previous occasions while having placed last six times, including three nul points, at the time of the event,[38][39] a fact on which Lindfors commented as she interviewed Bobbysocks! on stage following their victory.[12] During the traditional winner's reprise performance, the group sung part of the winning song as its English version "Let It Swing", with the English lyrics also written by Løvland.[23][36]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[40]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Ireland Maria Christian "Wait Until the Weekend Comes" 91 6
2  Finland Sonja Lumme "Eläköön elämä" 58 9
3  Cyprus Lia Vissi "To katalava arga" 15 16
4  Denmark Hot Eyes "Sku' du spørg' fra no'en" 41 11
5  Spain Paloma San Basilio "La fiesta terminó" 36 14
6  France Roger Bens "Femme dans ses rêves aussi" 56 10
7  Turkey MFÖ "Didai didai dai" 36 14
8  Belgium Linda Lepomme "Laat me nu gaan" 7 19
9  Portugal Adelaide "Penso em ti, eu sei" 9 18
10  Germany Wind "Für alle" 105 2
11  Israel Izhar Cohen "Olé, Olé" 93 5
12  Italy Al Bano and Romina Power "Magic, Oh Magic" 78 7
13  Norway Bobbysocks! "La det swinge" 123 1
14  United Kingdom Vikki "Love Is" 100 4
15   Switzerland Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini "Piano, piano" 39 12
16  Sweden Kikki Danielsson "Bra vibrationer" 103 3
17  Austria Gary Lux "Kinder dieser Welt" 60 8
18  Luxembourg Margo, Franck Olivier, Chris Roberts, Malcolm Roberts, Ireen Sheer and Diane Solomon "Children, Kinder, Enfants" 37 13
19  Greece Takis Biniaris "Miazoume" 15 16

Spokespersons

[edit]

Each country nominated a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[24][41] Known spokespersons at the 1985 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

[edit]

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[29] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[29][36] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Norway's victory at this contest was achieved with the lowest winning score awarded under the voting system used between 1975 and 2015.[7][29] Although the Norwegian entry received the maximum score from eight of the voting countries, almost half of those eligible, the Norwegian entry also received only 27 points from the remaining ten countries which could vote for Norway.[29]

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[42][43]
Total score
Ireland
Finland
Cyprus
Denmark
Spain
France
Turkey
Belgium
Portugal
Germany
Israel
Italy
Norway
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Sweden
Austria
Luxembourg
Greece
Contestants
 Ireland 91 1 7 3 4 3 5 8 8 4 8 12 3 3 5 7 10
Finland 58 6 6 6 3 1 7 7 2 10 10
Cyprus 15 1 3 3 8
Denmark 41 3 10 3 1 6 2 6 5 5
Spain 36 2 8 1 12 2 4 1 6
France 56 5 4 1 3 3 10 2 4 6 3 3 12
Turkey 36 7 2 3 1 2 1 8 12
Belgium 7 7
Portugal 9 2 7
Germany 105 4 10 12 10 10 8 10 7 7 8 1 8 10
Israel 93 8 5 4 8 12 5 7 5 10 5 7 2 7 6 2
Italy 78 6 10 1 12 5 8 2 12 4 6 12
Norway 123 12 4 12 1 2 12 12 12 6 12 6 12 12 7 1
United Kingdom 100 5 7 5 5 6 10 6 6 5 2 8 7 10 4 2 8 4
Switzerland 39 3 2 6 6 5 4 1 5 1 1 2 3
Sweden 103 10 12 8 2 7 4 7 8 6 4 12 6 8 4 5
Austria 60 3 7 1 4 10 10 2 10 1 3 4 5
Luxembourg 37 2 4 10 3 5 1 4 8
Greece 15 8 7

12 points

[edit]

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Norway received the maximum score of 12 points from eight of the voting countries, with Italy receiving three sets of 12 points, Sweden receiving two sets, and France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Spain and Turkey each receiving one maximum score.[42][43]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[42][43]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
8  Norway  Austria,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Germany,  Ireland,  Israel,  Sweden,  United Kingdom
3  Italy  Luxembourg,  Portugal,  Spain
2  Sweden  Finland,  Norway
1  France  Greece
 Germany  Cyprus
 Ireland  Italy
 Israel  France
 Spain  Turkey
 Turkey   Switzerland

Broadcasts

[edit]

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[26] An estimated maximum audience of over 600 million viewers and listeners was reported in the media around the time of the contest.[44] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Austria ORF FS1 Ernst Grissemann [45][46]
 Belgium BRT TV1 Luc Appermont [47][48]
RTBF RTBF1, Télé 2 [49][50]
 Cyprus CyBC RIK, A Programma [51][52]
 Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [53]
 Finland YLE TV1, Rinnakkaisohjelma [fi] Kari Lumikero [fi] [54]
 France Antenne 2 Patrice Laffont [55]
RFO Second canal de RFO [fr][b] [56]
 Germany ARD Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen Ado Schlier [de] [57][58]
 Greece ERT ERT1 [59]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Linda Martin [60]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan [61]
 Israel IBA Israeli Television, Reshet Gimel [he] [62][63]
 Italy RAI Rai Due[c] Rosanna Vaudetti [64]
RaiStereoUno [it][c] [65]
 Luxembourg CLT RTL Télévision Valérie Sarn [fr] [50]
RTL plus Oliver Spiecker [de] [66]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet Veslemøy Kjendsli [no] [67]
NRK P1,[d] NRK P2[d] Jahn Teigen and Erik Heyerdahl [no]
 Portugal RTP RTP1 Eládio Clímaco [68][69]
 Spain TVE TVE 2 Antonio Gómez Mateo [70][71]
 Sweden SVT TV1 Fredrik Belfrage [72]
RR [sv] SR P3 Jan Ellerås [sv] and Rune Hallberg [sv] [73]
  Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Bernard Thurnheer [de] [74]
TSR Serge Moisson [fr] [75]
TSI [76]
 Turkey TRT TRT Televizyon [77]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [78]
BFBS BFBS Radio Richard Nankivell [18]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Australia SBS SBS TV[e] [79]
 Czechoslovakia ČST ČST2[f] [80]
 Faroe Islands SvF[g] Jørgen de Mylius [81]
 Greenland KNR KNR[h] [82]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Hinrik Bjarnason [83]
 Malaysia TV3[i] [84]
 Netherlands Olympus[j] Gerrit den Braber [85]
 Poland TP TP1[k] [86]
 Romania TVR Programul 1[l] [87]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[22]
  2. ^ Delayed broadcast in Martinique on 5 June 1985 at 20:26 (AST)[56]
  3. ^ a b Deferred broadcast at 22:30 (CEST)[64][65]
  4. ^ a b Deferred broadcast at 22:55 (CEST)[67]
  5. ^ Deferred broadcast the following day at 19:30 (AEST)[79]
  6. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 1 June 1985 at 11:05 (CEST)[80]
  7. ^ Delayed broadcast on 11 May 1985 at 21:30 (WEST)[81]
  8. ^ Delayed broadcast on 18 May 1985 at 21:45 (WGST)[82]
  9. ^ Delayed broadcast on 1 June 1985 at 20:30 (MST)[84]
  10. ^ Deferred broadcast the following day at 10:00 (CEST)[85]
  11. ^ Delayed broadcast on 25 May 1985 at 20:00 (CEST)[86]
  12. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 25 May 1985 at 19:50 (EEST)[87]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sweden – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Gothenburg 1985 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Arena facts about Scandinavium in Gothenburg". Got Event. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  4. ^ Stub Alhaug, Therese (19 March 2016). "The History of Gothenburg Horse Show". Equilife World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  5. ^ a b Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 180–181. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 227–228. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  7. ^ a b c d e O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. pp. 100–103. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  8. ^ "Netherlands – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  9. ^ "33 years ago today - Izhar Cohen & Alphabeta seal Israel's maiden win". European Broadcasting Union. 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  10. ^ Jordan, Paul (6 November 2016). "Top ten Danish delights". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  11. ^ Van Lith, Nick (29 January 2023). "Al Bano named Una Voce per San Marino jury president". ESCXtra. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  12. ^ a b c "Museum Monday Week Ten: Bobbysocks!". European Broadcasting Union. 1 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  13. ^ Granger, Anthony (5 February 2018). "Sweden: Kikki Danielsson Will Not Return to Melodifestivalen Again". Eurovoix. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  14. ^ "Recalling the last win by Luxembourg in 1983". European Broadcasting Union. 23 April 2014. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  15. ^ "#ThrowbackThursday to 40 years ago: Eurovision 1977". European Broadcasting Union. 21 September 2017. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  16. ^ "Gary Lux über den Song Contest: 'Damals kannte mich wirklich jeder'" [Gary Lux on the song contest: 'Back then everyone really knew me']. Kurier (in German). 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  17. ^ "Deutschland: Ireen Sheer". eurovision.de (in German). NDR. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 229–237. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  19. ^ Velasco, Javier. "Lia Vissi". eurovision-spain.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  20. ^ Escudero, Victor M. (11 May 2017). "Eurovision continues to unite states". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Participants of Gothenburg 1985". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  22. ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  23. ^ a b Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  24. ^ a b c "How it works – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  25. ^ "Jerusalem 1999 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022. For the first time since the 1970s participants were free to choose which language they performed in.
  26. ^ a b c "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  27. ^ Escudero, Victor M. (18 April 2020). "#EurovisionAgain travels back to Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023. The orchestra also saw their days numbered as, from 1997, full backing tracks were allowed without restriction, meaning that the songs could be accompanied by pre-recorded music instead of the live orchestra.
  28. ^ "In a Nutshell – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 237–239. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  30. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 189–193. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  31. ^ a b "Lill Lindfors voted the most popular presenter of the 1980s". European Broadcasting Union. 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  32. ^ Escudero, Victor M.; Smulders, Stijn; Zwart, Josianne (24 March 2018). "Lys Assia, First Lady of the Eurovision Song Contest, dies aged 94". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  33. ^ a b O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  34. ^ Holmgren, Tobias (7 April 2015). "Musikern Peter Almqvist ur tiden" [Musician Peter Almqvist passed away]. Hallands Nyheter (in Swedish). Varberg, Sweden. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  35. ^ Blomgren, Julia (28 February 2020). "Lindarw om berömda Eurovision-pranket: 'Chefen blev jätteförbannad'" [Lindarw on the famous Eurovision prank: 'The boss got really pissed off']. Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  36. ^ a b c d Eurovision Song Contest 1985 (Television programme) (in English and French). Gothenburg, Sweden: Sveriges Television. 5 May 1984.
  37. ^ "Bobbysocks! – Norway – Gothenburg 1985". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  38. ^ "Facts & Figures | Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  39. ^ "Norway – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Final of Gothenburg 1985". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  41. ^ "Lugano to Liverpool: Broadcasting Eurovision". National Science and Media Museum. 24 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  42. ^ a b c "Results of the Final of Gothenburg 1985". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  43. ^ a b c "Eurovision Song Contest 1985 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  44. ^ "Noors duo wint in Gotenburg: Songfestival in 1986 weer in Scandinavië" [Norwegian duo wins in Gothenburg: Eurovision Song Contest in Scandinavia again in 1986]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). Leeuwarden, Netherlands. 6 May 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  45. ^ "Programm – Folge 18 vom 28.4. bis 4.5. 1985 – Samstag 4. Mai" [Schedule – Issue 18 from 28/04 to 04/05 1985 – Saturday 4 May]. Erlafthal-Bote (in German). Scheibbs, Austria. 23 April 1985. p. 14. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Austrian National Library.
  46. ^ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in German). Vienna, Austria. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  47. ^ "T.V. Programma's". De Voorpost (in Dutch). Aalst, Belgium. 3 May 1985. p. 47. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  48. ^ Versteeg, Dick (3 May 1985). "Buiten beeld" [Off-screen]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). Leeuwarden, Netherlands. p. 2. Retrieved 18 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  49. ^ "TV aktuell – Samstag, 4. Mai 1985" [current TV – Saturday, 4 May 1985]. Grenz-Echo and St. Vither Zeitung [de] (in German). Eupen, Belgium. 3 May 1985. p. 10. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  50. ^ a b "Samstag, 4. Mai" [Saturday 4 May]. Revue Agenda (in French and German). No. 18. 4–10 May 1985. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024 – via National Library of Luxembourg.
  51. ^ "TV". I Simerini (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 4 May 1985. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
  52. ^ "Ραδιόφωνο" [Radio]. O Phileleftheros (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 4 May 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
  53. ^ "Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 4. maj 1985" [All-time programme overviews – Saturday 4 May 1985] (in Danish). DR. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Radio · TV". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland. 4 May 1985. p. 59. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  55. ^ "Téléprevision – samedi 4 mai" [TV forecast – Saturday 4 May]. L'Est éclair [fr] (in French). Saint-André-les-Vergers, France. 4–5 May 1985. p. 21. Retrieved 16 September 2024 – via Aube en Champagne.
  56. ^ a b "Television : voir et entendre, entendre pour comprendre, mais comprendre pure critiquer – 2e Canal – Mercredi 5 juin 1985" [Television: seeing and hearing, hearing to understand, but understanding purely to criticize – 2nd Channel – Wednesday June 5, 1985]. Le Progressiste (in French). Fort-de-France, Martinique. 5 June 1985. p. 9. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via Digital Library of the Caribbean.
  57. ^ "Fernsehen". Die Welt (in German). Hamburg, West Germany. 4 May 1985. p. 30. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  58. ^ Wanninger, Birgit. "'Wir-Gefühl'" ['We-Feeling']. Rheinische Post (in German). Düsseldorf, West Germany. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  59. ^ "ΕΡΤ – Σάββατο" [ERT – Saturday]. Laos [el] (in Greek). Veria, Greece. 4 May 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via Public Central Library of Veria [el].
  60. ^ "Saturday – Television". RTÉ Guide. 3 May 1985.
  61. ^ "Radio – Saturday". RTÉ Guide. 3 May 1985.
  62. ^ "מדריך טלוויזיה – שבת 4.5" [TV Guide – Saturday 04/05]. Hadashot (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 3 May 1985. p. 42. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  63. ^ "מדריך רדיו – שבת 4.5" [Radio Guide – Saturday 4.5]. Hadashot (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 3 May 1985. p. 45. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  64. ^ a b "TV | Sabato SA 4 maggio" [TV | Saturday SAT 4 May]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 62, no. 17. 28 April – 4 May 1985. pp. 74–77. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  65. ^ a b "Stereo | Sabato SA 4 maggio" [Stereo | Saturday SAT 4 May]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 62, no. 17. 28 April – 4 May 1985. p. 93. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  66. ^ "Zaterdag 4 mei 1985" [Saturday 4 May 1985]. Limburgs Dagblad TV Week (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 3 May 1985. p. 4. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  67. ^ a b "Dagens radio/TV" [Today's radio/TV]. Moss Avis (in Norwegian). Moss, Norway. 4 May 1985. p. 16. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
  68. ^ "Televisão" [Television]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 4 May 1985. p. 23. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
  69. ^ Firmino, Tiago (7 April 2018). "O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa?" [Number of the day. How many festivals did Eládio Clímaco comment on on Portuguese television?] (in Portuguese). N-TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  70. ^ "Televisión/Radio" [Television/Radio]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 4 May 1985. p. 56. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  71. ^ HerGar, Paula (28 March 2018). "Todos los comentaristas de la historia de España en Eurovisión (y una única mujer en solitario)" [All the commentators in the history of Spain in Eurovision (and only a single woman)] (in Spanish). Los 40. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  72. ^ "TV.program". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 4 May 1985. p. 47.
  73. ^ "Radio.program". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 4 May 1985. p. 47.
  74. ^ "TV + Radio · Samstag" [TV + Radio · Saturday]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Biel, Switzerland. 4 May 1985. p. 30. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  75. ^ "TV – samedi 4 mai" [TV – Saturday 4 May]. Radio TV – Je vois tout (in French). No. 18. Lausanne, Switzerland: Héliographia SA. 2 May 1985. pp. 24–25. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
  76. ^ "Programmi tv" [TV programmes]. Gazzetta Ticinese [it] (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland. 4 May 1985. p. 17. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Sistema bibliotecario ticinese [it].
  77. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 4 May 1985. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  78. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1985 – BBC1". Radio Times. 4 May 1985. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
  79. ^ a b "Television". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 5 May 1985. p. 12. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Trove.
  80. ^ a b "Program televize v týdnu od 27. května do 2. června 1985 – sobota 1. 6. /2/" [Television programme for the week of 27 May to 2 June 1985 – Saturday 01/06 /2/]. Rozhlasový týdeník [cs] (in Czech). No. 22. 20 May 1985. p. 15. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via Kramerius [cs].
  81. ^ a b "Sjónvarp – Leygardagur 11. mai" [Television – Saturday, 11 May]. 14. september [fo] (in Faroese and Danish). Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. 11 May 1985. p. 14. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via Infomedia [dk].
  82. ^ a b "TV-kkut Aallakaatitassat – Arfininngorneq 18. maj | TV-Program – Lørdag den 18. mai" [TV-Programme – Saturday 18 May]. Atuagagdliutit (in Kalaallisut and Danish). Nuuk, Greenland. 8 May 1985. p. 31. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via Timarit.is.
  83. ^ "Laugardagur 4. maí – Sjónvarp" [Saturday 4 May – Television]. DV (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 4 May 1985. p. 23. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
  84. ^ a b "TV3". New Straits Times Times Two. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1 June 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via Google Books.
  85. ^ a b "Mededeling" [Notice]. Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Groningen, Netherlands. 4 May 1985. p. 26. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Delpher.
  86. ^ a b "Telewizja – sobota 25. V." [Television – Saturday 25/05]. Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Kraków, Poland. 24 May 1985. p. 8. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Digital Library of Małopolska.
  87. ^ a b "Televiziune – Sîmbătă, 25 mai" [Television – Saturday, 25 May] (PDF). Flacăra roșie (in Romanian). Arad, Romania. 25 May 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2024 – via Biblioteca Județeană "Alexandru D. Xenopol" Arad [ro].
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurovision Song Contest 1985.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_1985&oldid=1256291779#Participating_countries"