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Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China

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   Republic of China
  Countries that have diplomatic relations with the ROC
  Countries that formerly had diplomatic relations with the ROC
  Countries that have never had diplomatic relations with the ROC

Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.

Timeline

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Former French Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former Mexican Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former Soviet Union Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former United Kingdom Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former United States Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

The timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China encompasses the years from 1912 to 1949 (the establishment of the People's Republic of China), and the year of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) establishments as a substitute for embassies in the absence of official diplomatic relations with the ROC.

Year State Event TECRO establishment
1912  Australia Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912  Austria-Hungary Recognition; relations began in 1869
1912  Belgium Recognition; relations began in 1865
1912  Brazil Recognition; relations began in 1880
1912  Canada Recognition; relations began in 1909
1912  Cape Colony Recognition; relations began in 1904
1912  Cuba Recognition; relations began in 1902
1912  Denmark Recognition; relations began in 1908
1912  Italy Recognition; relations began in 1866
1912  Japan Recognition; relations began in 1871
1912 Mexico Recognition; relations began in 1899
1912  Netherlands Recognition; relations began in 1863
1912  New Zealand Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912  Norway Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912  Portugal Recognition; relations began in 1862
1912  Sweden Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912  United Kingdom Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty 1963[1]
1912  United States Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1844
1913  France Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty
1913  Russia Recognition; relations began in 1878
1913  Germany Recognition of the establishment of the Republic of China; relations began in 1861.
1913  Peru Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1875
1915  Chile Diplomatic relations established
1917  Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1918  Russia Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1919  Bolivia Diplomatic relations established
1919  Finland Diplomatic relations established
1919  Poland Diplomatic relations established
1921  Estonia Diplomatic relations established
1921  Germany Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1921  Lithuania Diplomatic relations established 2021[2][3]
1922  Panama Diplomatic re-established; relations began with the Qing dynasty in 1909.
1923  Latvia Diplomatic relations established[4] 1992 (Consulate)
1995[5][6]
1924  Soviet Union Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1929  Soviet Union Diplomatic relations ceased (second time)
1930  Nicaragua Diplomatic relations established
1931  Czechoslovakia Diplomatic relations established
1932  Soviet Union Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1933  Guatemala Diplomatic relations established
1934  Monaco Diplomatic relations established
1934  Turkey Diplomatic relations established
1937  Iran Diplomatic relations established[7]
1937  Japan Diplomatic relations ceased (Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War)
1939  Romania Diplomatic relations established
1941  Nazi Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (second time, German diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941  Colombia Diplomatic relations established
1941  Honduras Diplomatic relations established
1941  Italy Diplomatic relations ceased (first time, Italian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941  Romania Diplomatic relations ceased (Romanian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1942  Holy See Diplomatic relations established
1942  El Salvador Diplomatic relations established
1942  Iraq Diplomatic relations established
1944  Afghanistan Diplomatic relations established
1944  Dominican Republic Diplomatic relations established
1945  Yugoslavia Diplomatic relations established
1946  Italy Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1946  Mongolia Recognition achieved
1946  Syria Recognition achieved
1946  Thailand Diplomatic relations established
1947  Bulgaria Diplomatic relations established
1947  Saudi Arabia Diplomatic relations established
1947  India Diplomatic relations established
1948  Burma Diplomatic relations established
1949  Israel Recognition achieved
1949  Luxembourg Diplomatic relations established
1949  South Africa Diplomatic relations resumed
1949  South Korea Diplomatic relations re-established, relations began under the Korean Empire in 1899
1949  Soviet Union Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)[8] 1993 (in Russia)[9]
1949  Czechoslovakia Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[10] (in Czech Republic)
2003[11] (in Slovakia)
1949  Poland Diplomatic relations ceased 1992?
1949  Hungary Diplomatic relations ceased 1990
1949  Albania Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1949  Bulgaria Diplomatic relations ceased
1950  Afghanistan Diplomatic relations ceased
1950  Norway Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1980[12] to 2017
1950   Switzerland Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973[12]
1950  Finland Diplomatic relations ceased 1990[13]
1950  Sweden Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1981?
1950  Denmark Diplomatic relations ceased 1973? or 1980[14]
1950  India Diplomatic relations ceased 1995[15]
1950  Ceylon Diplomatic relations ceased
1950  Burma Diplomatic relations ceased 2015[16] or 2016[17]
1950  Indonesia Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1971
1951  Pakistan Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1952  Japan Diplomatic relations re-established (2nd time)
1953  Laos Diplomatic relations established
1953  Mongolia Recognition revoked 2002
1954  Lebanon Diplomatic relations established
1954  Netherlands Diplomatic relations ceased 1981
1955  South Vietnam Diplomatic relations established
1955  West Germany Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1955    Nepal Diplomatic relations ceased
1955  Yugoslavia Diplomatic relations ceased
1956  Egypt Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1956  Iran Diplomatic relations established[7]
1956  Syria Recognition withdrawn
1956  Haiti Diplomatic relations established
1957  Jordan Diplomatic relations established
1957  Paraguay Diplomatic relations established
1958  Iraq Diplomatic relations ceased
1958  Morocco Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1959  Sudan Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1960  Cuba Diplomatic relations ceased
1960  Nigeria Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1960  Guatemala Diplomatic relations established
1960  Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961  El Salvador Diplomatic relations established
1961  Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1961  Laos Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1961  Upper Volta Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961  Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations resumed (1st time)
1962  Laos Diplomatic relations resumed
1962  Uganda Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1963  Niger Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1964  France Diplomatic relations ceased 1974[18]
1964  Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1964  Malaysia Diplomatic relations established
1966  Malawi Diplomatic relations established
1966  Lesotho Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968  Gambia Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968  Central African Republic Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1968  Swaziland Diplomatic relations established
1969  Senegal Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1970  Italy Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) 1990[19]
1970  Khmer Republic Diplomatic relations established
1970  Canada Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[20]
1970  Chile Diplomatic relations ceased 1975[21]
1971  Belgium Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1971[22]
1971  Austria Diplomatic relations ceased 1972[12]
1971  Iceland Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1971  Turkey Diplomatic relations ceased 1989?
1971  Iran Diplomatic relations ceased
1971  Kuwait Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1986
1971  Lebanon Diplomatic relations ceased
1971  Peru Diplomatic relations ceased 1978[23]
1971  Nigeria Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[24]
1972  United Kingdom Diplomatic relations ceased[25] 1963
(as "The Free Chinese Centre,
London")
1993[1]
1972  Japan Diplomatic relations ceased (second) 1972
1972  West Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (third time) 1999 (in Germany)[26]
1972  Greece Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973
1972  Australia Diplomatic relations ceased 1992[27]
1972  New Zealand Diplomatic relations ceased 1973[28]
1972  Luxembourg Diplomatic relations ceased 1975
1972  Mexico Diplomatic relations ceased 1989?
1972  Argentina Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1995[29]
1972  Jamaica Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1972  Chad Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1972  Zaire Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1972  Senegal Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1973  Spain Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973[12]
1973  Upper Volta Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974  Malaysia Diplomatic relations ceased 1974[30]
1974  Brazil Diplomatic relations ceased 1975
1974  Venezuela Diplomatic relations ceased
1974  Niger Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974  Gabon Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1974  Gambia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1975  Thailand Diplomatic relations ceased 1975[31]
1975  Khmer Republic Diplomatic relations ceased 1994 to 1997
1975  South Vietnam Defeat of South Vietnam 1992 (in Vietnam)
1975  Laos Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1975  Philippines Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1976  Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1977  Jordan Diplomatic relations ceased 1977
1977  Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1978  Libya Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1980 to 1997 (1st time)
2008 to 2011 (2nd time)
1979  United States Diplomatic relations ceased 1979[32]
1979  Portugal Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1992
1979  Colombia Diplomatic relations ceased 1980?
1979  Tuvalu Diplomatic relations established
1980  Nauru Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1980  Ecuador Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1981  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Diplomatic relations established
1983  Dominica Diplomatic relations established
1983  Lesotho Diplomatic relations ceased (first)
1983  Solomon Islands Diplomatic relations established
1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis Diplomatic relations established
1984  United Arab Emirates Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1984?
1984  Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1985  Bolivia Diplomatic relations ceased 1990 to 2009
1985  Nicaragua Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1988  Uruguay Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1992 to 2002
1989  Grenada Diplomatic relations established
1989  Liberia Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1989  Bahamas Diplomatic relations established
1989  Belize Diplomatic relations established
1990  Saudi Arabia Diplomatic relations ceased 1990[33]
1990  Guinea-Bissau Diplomatic relations established
1990  Lesotho Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1990  Nicaragua Diplomatic relations resumed
1991  Central African Republic Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1991  People's Republic of China De facto recognition[34]
1992  South Korea Diplomatic relations ceased 1993? or 1994
1992  Israel Recognition withdrawn[35] 1993[36]
1992  Niger Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1993  Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994  Lesotho Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994  Burkina Faso (formerly  Upper Volta) Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1995  Monaco Diplomatic relations ceased
1995  Gambia Diplomatic relations resumed
1996  Niger Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1996  Senegal Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997  Bahamas Diplomatic relations ceased
1997  Chad Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997  Liberia Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1997  Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1997  São Tomé and Príncipe Diplomatic relations established
1998  South Africa Diplomatic relations ceased 1998[37]
1998  Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
1998  Guinea-Bissau Diplomatic relations ceased
1998  Tonga Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1998  Marshall Islands Diplomatic relations established
1999  Papua New Guinea Diplomatic relations maintained for 16 days[38] 1990[39]
1999  Macedonia Diplomatic relations established
1999  Palau Diplomatic relations established
2001  Macedonia Diplomatic relations ceased
2002  Nauru Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
2003  Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
2003  Kiribati Diplomatic relations established
2004  Dominica Diplomatic relations ceased
2004  Vanuatu Diplomatic relations maintained for a week[40]
2005  Grenada Diplomatic relations ceased
2005  Nauru Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2005  Senegal Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2006  Chad Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2007  Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2007  Costa Rica Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
2008  Kosovo Recognition achieved
2008  Malawi Diplomatic relations ceased
2013  Gambia Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2016  São Tomé and Príncipe Diplomatic relations ceased[41]
2017  Panama Diplomatic relations ceased
2018  Dominican Republic Diplomatic relations ceased
2018  Burkina Faso Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2018  El Salvador Diplomatic relations ceased
2019  Solomon Islands Diplomatic relations ceased
2019  Kiribati Diplomatic relations ceased
2020  Somaliland Unofficial relations established
2021  Nicaragua Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2023  Honduras Diplomatic relations ceased
2024  Nauru Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)

See also

[edit]
Politics of Taiwan
Government
Presidency

Lai Ching-te (DPP)

Hsiao Bi-khim (DPP)

Executive
Executive Yuan

Cho Jung-tai (DPP)

Cheng Li-chun (DPP)
Legislature
Legislative Yuan

11th Legislative Yuan

Han Kuo-yu (KMT)

Johnny Chiang (KMT)
Judiciary
Judicial Yuan

Shieh Ming-yan acting

Vacant

Other branches
Examination Yuan

Vacant

Vacant

Control Yuan

Chen Chu

Lee Hung-chun

Local government

Mayors and Magistrates
Elections

Central Election Commission

Political parties
Represented in the Legislative Yuan

Kuomintang
Democratic Progressive Party
Taiwan People's Party

Others
New Power Party
Taiwan Statebuilding Party
People First Party
Taiwan Solidarity Union
New Party
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union

Green Party Taiwan
Mass media
Television

Newspapers
United Daily News
Liberty Times
China Times
Taipei Times

Propaganda
Censorship
Film censorship

White Terror
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Lin Chia-lung

Cross-Strait relations
Special state-to-state relations
One Country on Each Side
1992 Consensus
Taiwan consensus
Chinese Taipei

Australia–Taiwan relations
Canada–Taiwan relations
France–Taiwan relations
Russia–Taiwan relations
Taiwan–United Kingdom relations
Taiwan–United States relations

Taiwan and the World Health Organization
Related topics
Political status of Taiwan

Republic of China (1912–1949)
Chinese Civil War
One-China policy
China and the United Nations
Chinese unification
Taiwan independence movement
Taiwanese nationalism
Tangwai movement

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
flag Taiwan portal
ROC
PRC

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Taiwan-UK Relations - Taiwan-UK relations - Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. 駐英國台北代表處". Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Taiwan representation opens in Vilnius". 18 November 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  3. ^ Agencies (19 November 2021). "China condemns opening of Taiwan office in Lithuania as 'egregious act'". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  4. ^ Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  5. ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. pp. 76–94. ISBN 9781134100842.
  6. ^ "本處與駐在國關係 (The relationship between the Department and the country)". 駐拉脫維亞代表處 Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  7. ^ a b electricpulp.com. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS v. Diplomatic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
  8. ^ In April 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek abandoned his capital in Nanking, the Soviet ambassador - alone among the diplomatic corps - joined Chiang in his retreat to Canton (Guangzhou). Source: Eric Hobsbawm: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London 1994, p. 227.
  9. ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. ISBN 9781134100842 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ [1] Archived 2007-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ [2] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b c d Hibou, Béatrice (28 December 2016). Privatising the State. Hurst. ISBN 9781850656890 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ [3] Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Organization - Organization - Taipei Representative Office in Denmark 駐丹麥台北代表處". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  15. ^ [4] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Myanmar opens trade office in Taiwan in bid to boost ties, The China Post, June 25, 2015
  17. ^ "TECO in Myanmar opens doors in Yangon: ministry". Taipei Times. 29 March 2016. p. 3. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  18. ^ [5] Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ [6] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ [7] Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ [8] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Introduction - Introduction - Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  23. ^ [9] Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ [10] Archived 2014-09-17 at archive.today
  25. ^ On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK closed the Nanjing embassy and established relations with the PRC on 17 June 1954. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The Tamsui consulate remained opened under the guise of the Taiwan Provincial Government. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and closed the ROC consulate in Tamsui. See Sino-British relations for further details.
  26. ^ [11] Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ [12] Archived 2015-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ [13] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ [14] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ [15] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ [16] Archived 2015-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (1 May 1979). "Courage and fortitude - Taiwan Today". Taiwan Today.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ [17] Archived 2015-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Volume 24 (2006). BRILL. 3 February 2020. ISBN 9789004424968.
  35. ^ Israel recognized the PRC on 8 January 1950 but the request was rejected at first by the PRC.
  36. ^ [18] Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ Team, Internet. "About Us". Taipei Liaison Office in the RSA 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處.
  38. ^ On August 5, 1999, Republic of China and Papua New Guinea had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Papua New Guinea withdrew the agreement with the ROC on August 21, 1999.
  39. ^ "Organisation". Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Papua New Guinea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  40. ^ On November 3, 2004, Republic of China and Vanuatu had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Vanuatu withdrew the agreement with the ROC on November 10, 2004.
  41. ^ "São Tomé e Príncipe corta relações com Taiwan". 20 December 2016.

Sources

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