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Las Vegas Strip

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"Vegas Strip" and "The Strip" redirect here. For other uses, see The Strip (disambiguation).

Las Vegas Strip
The Strip
Las Vegas Boulevard South
Las Vegas Boulevard
Bellagio
MGM Grand
Paris Las Vegas
New York-New York Hotel and Casino
Caesars Palace
The Venetian Las Vegas
Length4.2 mi (6.8 km)
Coordinates36°07′11″N 115°10′21″W / 36.119684°N 115.172599°W / 36.119684; -115.172599
South endRussell Road
North endSahara Avenue

The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long,[1] and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".

Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are on the Strip. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy.[2] Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road,[3] and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.[4]

Boundaries

[edit]
Looking north, 2013
Looking south

Historically, casinos that were not in Downtown Las Vegas along Fremont Street sat outside the city limits on Las Vegas Boulevard.[5][6] In 1959, the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign was built[7] exactly 4.5 miles (7.2 km) outside the city limits. The sign is currently located in the median just south of Russell Road which is 4.2 miles (6.8 km) from The Sahara.[8][9], about 0.4 miles (0.64 km) south of the southernmost entrance to Mandalay Bay, which is the Strip's southernmost casino.

In the strictest sense, the Strip refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard that is roughly between Sahara Avenue and the "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" sign.[10][11] Clark County uses the phrase Resort Corridor to describe the area including Las Vegas Boulevard between 215 Beltway and Sahara Avenue and surrounding areas.[12]

The Sahara is considered the Strip's northern terminus by Clark County,[10] though travel guides typically extend it to the Strat 0.4 miles (0.64 km) to the north.[13][14][15] Mandalay Bay, just north of Russell Road is the southernmost resort considered to be on the Strip.[13] According to Clark County, the southern end of the Strip is the "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" sign; the county acknowledges that some argue for Russell Road at the southernmost terminus.[10][16]

Las Vegas Strip: day and night

History

[edit]

Early years (1930s–1990s)

[edit]

The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair-o-Dice Club in 1931, but the first full service casino-resort on what is currently called the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas, which opened with 63 bungalow hotel rooms on April 3, 1941. Its success spawned a second nearby hotel, the Hotel Last Frontier in 1942.[17][18] Organized crime figures such as Bugsy Siegel took an intense interest in the growing Las Vegas gaming center and funded another resort; financing the completion of the Flamingo construction with mob money. The Flamingo casino opened in December 1946, and the hotel opened in March 1947. Wilbur Clark's Desert Inn resort opened in 1950.[19] The funding for many Las Vegas projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company, which was based in the then-notorious gambling empire of Galveston, Texas.[20][21]

The Strip in the 1940s. Pictured is the gas station of the Hotel Last Frontier, the second hotel on the Strip.

Las Vegas Boulevard South was previously called Hwy 91, or the Arrowhead Highway,[22] or Los Angeles Highway.[citation needed] The Strip was named by Los Angeles police officer and businessman Guy McAfee, after his hometown's Sunset Strip in Hollywood.[23]

Unincorporated town

[edit]

In 1950, Mayor Ernie Cragin of the City of Las Vegas sought to annex the Las Vegas Strip, which ran through unincorporated Clark County territory, in order to expand the city's tax base to fund his ambitious building agenda and pay down the city's rising debt.[24] Instead, Gus Greenbaum of the Flamingo led a group of casino executives to lobby the Clark County commissioners for town status.[24] Two unincorporated towns were eventually created, Paradise and Winchester.[25][26] More than two decades later, the Supreme Court of Nevada struck down a 1975 Nevada state law that would have folded the Strip and the rest of the urban areas of Clark County into the City of Las Vegas.[27]

Caesars Palace was established in 1966. Opening in 1969, the International Hotel, with 1,512 rooms, began the era of mega-resorts. The International is known as Westgate Las Vegas today.

The first MGM Grand Hotel and Casino opened in 1973 with 2,084 rooms. On November 21, 1980, MGM Grand suffered the worst resort fire in the history of Las Vegas as a result of electrical problems, killing 87 people. It reopened eight months later. In 1986, Kerkorian sold the MGM Grand to Bally Manufacturing, and it was renamed Bally's.

Mega-resorts

[edit]

The opening of The Mirage in 1989 set a new level to the Las Vegas experience, as smaller hotels and casinos made way for the larger mega-resorts.[28] In the 1990s, more than 12 new hotels opened, including themed hotels like the Luxor, Excalibur, and Mandalay Bay.[29] At $1.7B, the most expensive hotel in the world at the time, The Bellagio, was built in the 1990s.[29] In 1993, the launch of the Mystère show at the new Treasure Island hotel by Cirque du Soleil marked a key point in transforming Las Vegas Strip entertainment.[19]

In an effort to attract families, resorts offered more attractions geared toward youth, but had limited success.[30] The current MGM Grand opened in 1993.[31]

In addition to the large hotels, casinos and resorts, the Strip is home to many attractions, such as M&M's World, Adventuredome and the Fashion Show Mall.

Nevada National Guard assist with New Year's Eve security.

2000–present

[edit]
Four-segment panorama of The Cosmopolitan, Bellagio, and Caesars Palace (left to right) from the Las Vegas Strip, across from the Bellagio fountains
Gondolas outside of The Venetian

With the opening of Bellagio, Venetian, Palazzo, Wynn and Encore resorts, the Strip trended towards the luxurious high-end segment through most of the 2000s, while some older resorts added major expansions and renovations, including some de-theming of the earlier themed hotels.[32][33]

In 2004, MGM Mirage announced plans for CityCenter, a 66-acre (27 ha), $7 billion multi-use project on the site of the Boardwalk hotel and adjoining land. It consists of hotel, casino, condo, retail, art, business and other uses on the site. Most elements of the project opened in late 2009.

In 2012, the High Roller Ferris wheel and a retail district called The Linq Promenade broke ground in an attempt to diversify attractions beyond that of casino resorts. Renovations and rebrandings such as The Cromwell Las Vegas and the SLS Las Vegas continued to transform the Strip in 2014. The Las Vegas Festival Grounds opened in 2015. In 2016, T-Mobile Arena, The Park, and the Park Theater (now known as Dolby Live) opened.[citation needed]

On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred on the Strip at the Route 91 Harvest country music festival, adjacent to the Mandalay Bay hotel. 60 people were killed, and approximately 867 were injured. The gunman, Stephen Paddock, opened fire on concertgoers with several rifles from his suites on the Mandalay Bay's 32nd floor. Paddock's motive was never determined, and he committed suicide after the massacre.[34][35][36]

In 2021, the Pinball Hall of Fame moved near the "Fabulous Las Vegas" sign at the south end of the Strip.[37] Later that year, Resorts World Las Vegas, opened on the site of the former Stardust Resort and Casino.[38]

In 2022, Bally's was renamed the Horseshoe Las Vegas.[39]

The Sphere venue opened in 2023.[40] Also, the Fontainebleau Las Vegas opened on the site of the former El Rancho Hotel and Casino and Algiers Hotel.[41]

The Tropicana closed in April 2024 and was demolished in October 2024. It will be replaced with a new Bally's Las Vegas resort[42] and New Las Vegas Stadium which will become the home of the Oakland Athletics after they relocate to Las Vegas.[43][44] The Mirage also closed in July 2024, but will reopen as the Hard Rock Las Vegas.[45]

Future developments

[edit]

BLVD is opening in early 2025.[46]

Transportation

[edit]

Buses

[edit]

RTC Transit (previously Citizens Area Transit, or CAT) provides bus service on the Strip with double decker buses known as The Deuce.[47] The Deuce runs between the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign and South Strip Transfer Terminal to the Bonneville Transit Center (BTC) and the Fremont Street Experience in Downtown Las Vegas, with stops near every casino.

Trams

[edit]

Several free trams operate between properties on the west side of the Strip:[48]

Monorail

[edit]

While not on the Strip itself, the Las Vegas Monorail runs a 3.9-mile route on the east side of the Strip corridor from Tropicana Avenue to Sahara Avenue, with stops every 4 to 8 minutes at several on-Strip properties including the MGM Grand and the Sahara at each end of the route.[49][50] The stations include:[50]

The Strip traffic during the day, looking north from the MGM Grand. The strip has a number of pedestrian footbridges.

The monorail began operating in 1995 with two trains from Walt Disney World.[51] In 2020, the monorail was acquired by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority (LVCVA).[52]

Pedestrian traffic

[edit]
Elevated pedestrian footbridge at the corner of Spring Mountain Road and Las Vegas Blvd

Tens of thousands of pedestrians are walking along the Strip at any given time.[53] As of 2019, about 50,000 pedestrians walked the Strip on an average day.[54]

In the 1990s, several pedestrian footbridges were erected over Las Vegas Boulevard to increase pedestrian safety and alleviate traffic congestion at popular intersections. The first was the Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard footbridge.[55][56] Some mimic the theme of nearby resorts.[citation needed].[57][58] The footbridges include:[59]

  1. Veer Towers: Connects Veer Towers, Waldorf Astoria, and Crystals Shopping Center
  2. Park MGM and T-Mobile Arena Park: Connects MGM and Showcase Mall
  3. Planet Hollywood: Connects Planet Hollywood, CityCenter, Crystals Shopping Center, and The Cosmopolitan.
  4. Spring Mountain Road and Las Vegas Blvd. Corner: Connects Treasure Island, the Wynn, Fashion Show Mall, and The Venetian
  5. Flamingo Road and Las Vegas Blvd. Corner: Connects Bally's, Flamingo, Bellagio, and Caesars Palace
  6. Las Vegas Blvd and Tropicana Ave Corner. Connects the MGM Grand, New York-New York, Excalibur, and Tropicana

Pedestrians have complained that they must walk as much as a quarter-mile to reach a footbridge or intersection to cross the street.[60]

After a driver drove into pedestrians on the sidewalk in front of Paris Las Vegas and Planet Hollywood in December 2015, 800 bollards began to be installed on Las Vegas Blvd. starting in 2017.[61][62] The construction of the bollards resulted in the removal of 49 of the 82 stars of the Las Vegas Walk of Stars.[63] In 2019, the bollards on Las Vegas Blvd. were shortened after drivers complained that they were obstructing street views.[64] 283 of the 4,500 bollards will be shortened from 54 inches to 36 inches.[65] The shortened bollards line 20 driveways.[66]

Studies conducted by Clark County in 2012 and 2015 identified issues with congestion.[67][68] The studies resulted in $5 million of improvements, including LED lights, ADA ramps, containment fencing, widening sidewalks, and removing permanent obstructions, such as signs, signposts, trash cans, and fire hydrants.[67][68] The studies also identified non-permanent obstructions causing congestion, such as street performers, vendors, handbillers, sign-holders, and illegal street gambling.[68] Modifications to non-obstruction zones and increased enforcement were implemented in order to reduce congestion.[68]

Taxis

[edit]
Taxi on the Las Vegas Strip

Taxis are available at resorts, shopping centers, attractions, and for scheduled pickups.[69] The Nevada Taxicab Authority provides information about taxi fares and fare zones.[70] In 2021, there was an increase in taxi passengers due to declines in rideshare drivers and rideshare surge pricing.[71][72]

Rideshares

[edit]

Rideshare services, including Uber and Lyft, are available on the Strip.[73]

Attractions on the Strip

[edit]

Gambling

[edit]
Casino floor at the Wynn
Hakkasan Nightclub at the MGM Grand

In 2019, about eight in ten (81%) visitors said they gambled while in Las Vegas, the highest proportion in the past five years.[74] The average time spent gambling, 2.7 hours, represents an increase over the past three years.[74] Also, the average trip gambling budget, $591.06, was increased from 2018.[74] About nine in ten (89%) visitors who gambled did so on the Strip Corridor.[74] UNLV reported that in 2019, Big Las Vegas Strip Casinos (defined as Strip casinos with more than $72M in annual gaming revenues) had more than $6B in annual gaming revenues, corresponding to about 26% of total annual revenues.[75]

From the time period spanning 1985 to 2019, there have been some changes in the mix of table games in casinos on the Strip:[76]

  • Blackjack: The number of tables decreased from 77% in 1985 to 50% in 2019. Revenue decreased from 50% in 1985 to 11% in 2019.
  • Craps: Revenue decreased from 28% in 1985 to 11% in 2019.
  • Roulette: Both the number of tables and revenue increased by 50%.
  • Baccarat: About 2% of tables and 13% revenue in 1985 to 13% of tables and 37% of revenue in 2019.
  • Additional games: Games such as pai gow poker, three-card poker, and mini-baccarat have increased in popularity, number of tables, and revenue.

Casino operators have been expanding sports betting facilities and products, as well as renovating and upgrading equipment and facilities.[77] Although sports betting has a relatively low margin, the high-end sportsbooks can generate significant amounts of revenue in other areas, such as food and drink.[77] As a result, sportsbooks have been expanding and upgrading food and drink offerings.[78] High-end sportsbooks include features such as single-seat stadium-style seating, large high-definition screens, a dedicated broadcast booth, and the ability to watch up to 15 sporting events at once.[77][79] The sports network ESPN is broadcasting sports betting shows from a dedicated studio at The Linq.[79] Some sportsbooks are now offering self-service betting kiosks.[80]

Entertainment

[edit]

The Las Vegas Strip is known for its lounges, showrooms, theaters and nightclubs,[81] most on the hotel casino properties. Some of the more popular free attractions visible from the Strip include the water fountains at Bellagio, the volcano at The Mirage, and the Fall of Atlantis and Festival Fountain at Caesars Palace. There are several Cirque du Soleil shows, such as Kà at the MGM Grand, O at Bellagio, Mystère at Treasure Island, and Michael Jackson: One at Mandalay Bay.[82]

Many notable artists have performed in Las Vegas, including Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Wayne Newton, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Rod Stewart and Liberace,[83] and in more recent years Celine Dion, Britney Spears, Barry Manilow, Cher, Elton John, Bette Midler, Diana Ross, Donny and Marie Osmond, Garth Brooks, Jennifer Lopez, Reba McEntire, Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, Kylie Minogue, Shania Twain, Criss Angel, Olivia Newton-John, Queen + Adam Lambert, Lady Gaga, and Gwen Stefani have had residencies in the various resorts on the Strip. During 2019, 51% of visitors attended shows, which was down from 2015, 2017, and 2018.[84] Among visitors who saw shows, relatively more went to Broadway/production shows than in past years, while relatively fewer saw lounge acts, comedy shows, or celebrity DJs.[84]

T-Mobile Arena
Allegiant Stadium

Venues

[edit]

Numerous entertainment venues populate the Strip. Most of the resorts have a showroom, nightclub and/or live music venue on the property and a few have large multipurpose arenas. Major venues include:

Restaurants and dining

[edit]
Main article: Restaurants in the Las Vegas Valley § Las Vegas Strip

The Strip is populated with many restaurants and fine dining establishments, many of which are inside the casinos and resorts. In recent years, many celebrity chefs have opened restaurants along the Strip, including Wolfgang Puck, Michael Mina, Gordon Ramsay,[85] Guy Savoy,[86] and Joël Robuchon.[87]

Shopping

[edit]
The Rainstorm Show at the Miracle Mile Shops at Planet Hollywood
The Forum Shops at Caesar's Palace

Live sports

[edit]
The MGM Grand Garden Arena hosting the boxing match of Manny Pacquiao vs. Keith Thurman on July 20, 2019

Professional sports are found at venues on or near the Strip, including:[91]

The Strip also hosts the Las Vegas Grand Prix which has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 2023.[92] It will also house the New Las Vegas Stadium for the Oakland Athletics in 2028 when the team relocates to the Las Vegas Valley.[93]

Golf

[edit]
Wynn Golf and Country Club

The Aladdin had a nine-hole golf course in the 1960s.[94] As land values on the Strip have increased over the years, the resort-affiliated golf courses have been removed to make way for building projects.[95] The Tropicana Country Club closed in 1990[96] and the Dunes golf course in the mid-90s. Steve Wynn, founder of previously owned Mirage Resorts, purchased the Desert Inn and golf course for his new company Wynn Resorts and redeveloped the course as the Wynn Golf Club. This course closed in 2017, but the development planned for the course was cancelled and the course was renovated and re-opened in late 2019.[97] In 2000, Bali Hai Golf Club opened just south of Mandalay Bay and the Strip.[98] In 2016, a TopGolf opened near the Strip.[99]

Amusement parks and rides

[edit]

Adventuredome indoor amusement park at Circus Circus on the Strip is a major tourist attraction;[100] it is enclosed in glass, with a carousel, mini-golf, two roller coasters, bowling, spinning rides, an arcade, virtual reality rides, a carnival midway, and clown shows.[100]

The Stratosphere tower has several rides:

Other rides on the Strip include:

Sustainability

[edit]
The lower left of the photo shows a portion of the solar array on top of the Mandalay Bay Convention Center.

Although the Strip has elaborate displays, fountains, and large buffet restaurants, many of the hotel resort properties are renowned for their sustainability efforts, including:[101][102]

  • Water conservation: Approaches include reclaiming water and placing it back into Lake Mead, using minimal outdoor landscaping, upgrading toilets, using low-flow showerheads, and setting goals for water conservation.
  • Recycling: In 2017, the recycling rate in Clark County was about 20%, while the recycling rate for major hotels on the Strip was about 40%.
  • Food handling: Leftover food is composted or sent to agricultural farms. Untouched, undisturbed food is donated to local food banks.
  • Energy efficiency: Hotels have updated appliances in rooms, installed LED lighting, and installed wireless lighting control systems.

Renewable energy is generated and used on the Strip.[101] MGM initiated solar power when it built a solar array on top of the Mandalay Bay in 2014 and expanded it in 2016.[101][103] The solar array at the Mandalay Bay, a 28-acre system capable of powering 1,300 homes, is one of the largest commercial rooftop solar arrays in the United States.[104] The solar array includes more than 26,000 solar panels capable of providing a total of 8.3 megawatts DC (6.5 megawatts AC), sufficient for powering 25% of the Mandalay Bay campus.[105]

Energy-efficient buildings are also being implemented and the Strip has one of the highest concentrations of LEED-certified buildings in the world.[101][106] Some examples of LEED-certified buildings are the Octavius Tower at Caesars Palace and the Linq Promenade, both of which are certified LEED Silver.[101]

Locations of major landmarks

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Current landmarks

[edit]
For a full list of hotels on the Strip, see List of Las Vegas Strip hotels.
North towards Fremont Street

↑

Strat Las Vegas Boulevard
Aztec Inn
Ahern, Allure, Bonanza Gift Shop
Sahara Avenue Sahara Avenue
Festival Grounds Sahara
Hilton Grand Vacations LVXP Las Vegas (planned)
Sky Fontainebleau, Turnberry Place, Westgate
Circus Circus
Slots-A-Fun Peppermill, Convention Center
Resorts World Guardian Angel Cathedral
Desert Inn Road Desert Inn Road
Trump Encore
Fashion Show Mall Wynn
Spring Mountain Road Sands Avenue
Treasure Island Palazzo, Venetian Expo
Venetian, Sphere
Hard Rock (construction) Casino Royale
Harrah's, Caesars Forum
Linq, High Roller
Flamingo
Caesars Palace Cromwell, Westin
Flamingo Road Flamingo Road
Bellagio Horseshoe
Paris
Planet Hollywood
Cosmopolitan Harmon Corner, Elara
Harmon Avenue Harmon Avenue
CityCenter BLVD, Grand Chateau, Signature, Topgolf
Park MGM Showcase Mall
T-Mobile Arena, New York-New York MGM Grand
Tropicana Avenue Tropicana Avenue
Excalibur Bally's Las Vegas & New Las Vegas Stadium (planned), Oyo
Luxor
W, Mandalay Bay Skyvue (abandoned)
Russell Road Astral (planned)
Little Church of the West
Pinball Hall of Fame
Dream (construction)
↓

Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign

South towards Interstate 215

Former hotel/casino locations

[edit]
North towards Fremont Street

↑

Vegas World/Million Dollar Casino Las Vegas Boulevard
Jackpot Casino/Money Tree Casino Holy Cow/Foxy's Firehouse
Sahara Avenue Sahara Avenue
El Rancho Vegas Club Bingo/SLS
Wet 'n Wild
Thunderbird/Silverbird/El Rancho, Algiers Hotel
Riviera
Westward Ho La Concha Motel
Silver City/Riata
Stardust/Royal Nevada
Desert Inn Road Desert Inn Road
Silver Slipper/Golden Slipper
New Frontier/Last Frontier/Frontier Desert Inn
Spring Mountain Road Sands Avenue
Sands
Mirage/Castaways Nob Hill Casino
Holiday Casino, Holiday Inn
Flamingo Capri/Imperial Palace/Quad
O'Sheas Casino
Barbary Coast/Bill's
Flamingo Road Flamingo Road
Dunes MGM Grand/Bally's
Aladdin/Tallyho/King's Crown
Boardwalk/Mandarin Oriental
Monte Carlo Harmon Avenue
Marina
Tropicana Avenue Tropicana Avenue
Tropicana
Las Vegas Village
Hacienda
Russell Road Glass Pool Inn
Klondike/Kona Kai
↓

South towards Interstate 215

Demolished or closed Strip casinos and hotels

[edit]
[edit]
  • The iconic Welcome to Las Vegas sign was built in 1959.
    The iconic Welcome to Las Vegas sign was built in 1959.
  • The Strip in 2009
    The Strip in 2009
  • A view of the southern end of the Strip. Looking northward from Tropicana Avenue.
    A view of the southern end of the Strip. Looking northward from Tropicana Avenue.
  • View of the Strip from the Eiffel Tower of the Paris Las Vegas
    View of the Strip from the Eiffel Tower of the Paris Las Vegas
  • Photo taken May 21, 2010, a view of the Strip from the Renaissance Hotel
    Photo taken May 21, 2010, a view of the Strip from the Renaissance Hotel
  • View of Monte Carlo Resort and Casino with CityCenter in the background
    View of Monte Carlo Resort and Casino with CityCenter in the background
  • The Bellagio Fountains as seen from the hotel
    The Bellagio Fountains as seen from the hotel
  • The Cosmopolitan
    The Cosmopolitan
  • The Las Vegas High Roller is the second tallest Ferris wheel in the world.
    The Las Vegas High Roller is the second tallest Ferris wheel in the world.
  • Wynn Las Vegas
    Wynn Las Vegas
  • Takeoff From Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Overview of the Las Vegas Strip" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  2. ^ Lukas, Scott A. (2007). "Theming as a Sensory Phenomenon: Discovering the Senses on the Las Vegas Strip". In Scott A. Lukas (ed.). The Themed Space: Locating Culture, Nation, and Self. Lexington Books. pp. 75–95. ISBN 978-0-7391-2142-9.
  3. ^ "U.S. Transportation Deputy Secretary Downey Announces New All-American Roads, National Scenic Byways in 20 States" (Press release). Federal Highway Administration. June 15, 2000. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2008.; "Las Vegas Strip Named All-American Road" (Press release). Archived from the original on June 12, 2006. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  4. ^ "Scenic Byways | Nevada Department of Transportation". www.nevadadot.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  5. ^ "Knowing Vegas: Why isn't the Strip in Las Vegas?". Las Vegas Review-Journal. August 3, 2015. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
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  33. ^ "Curtains Drop on Themed Hotel-Casinos". Las Vegas Review-Journal. September 29, 2008. Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  34. ^ Hernandez, Dan; McCarthy, Tom; McGowan, Michael (October 2, 2017). "Mandalay Bay attack: at least 50 killed in America's deadliest mass shooting". The Guardian. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  35. ^ Lacanlale, Rio (August 24, 2020). "California woman declared 59th victim of 2017 massacre in Las Vegas". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Al, Stefan. The Strip: Las Vegas and the architecture of the American dream (MIT Press, 2017).
  • Moehring, Eugene P. Reno, Las Vegas, and the Strip: A Tale of Three Cities (University of Nevada Press, 2014).
  • Schmid, H. (2009), Economy of Fascination: Dubai and Las Vegas as Themed Urban Landscapes, Stuttgart; Berlin: E. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, ISBN 978-3443370145
  • Lukas, Scott A. "Theming as a sensory phenomenon: Discovering the senses on the Las Vegas strip." in The themed space: Locating culture, nation, and self (2007): 75-95.
  • Song, Yang, et al. "Investigating sense of place of the Las Vegas Strip using online reviews and machine learning approaches." Landscape and Urban Planning 205 (2021): 103956.
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