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'''''The Chronicles of Narnia''''' is a [[heptalogy|series of seven]] [[high fantasy]] novels by author [[C.S. Lewis]]. It is considered a classic of children's literature and is the author's best-known work, having sold over 100 million copies in 47 languages.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9694561/CS-Lewis-Chronicles-of-Narnia-author-honoured-in-Poets-corner.html "CS Lewis, Chronicles of Narnia author, honoured in Poets' corner"]. The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 February 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-20426778 "CS Lewis to be honoured in Poets' Corner"]. BBC News. Retrieved 23 November 2012</ref> Written by Lewis between 1949 and 1954, illustrated by [[Pauline Baynes]] and originally published in London between October 1950 and March 1956, ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' has been [[Adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia|adapted several times]], complete or in part, for radio, television, the stage, and film. |
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Set in the [[Fictional universe|fictional realm]] of [[Narnia (world)|Narnia]], a fantasy world of magic, mythical beasts, and talking animals, the series narrates the adventures of various children who play central roles in the unfolding history of that world. Except in ''[[The Horse and His Boy]]'', the [[protagonist]]s are all children from the real world, magically transported to Narnia, where they are called upon by the lion [[Aslan]] to protect Narnia from evil and restore the throne to its rightful line. The books span the entire history of Narnia, from its creation in ''[[The Magician's Nephew]]'' to its eventual destruction in ''[[The Last Battle]]''. |
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Inspiration for the series is taken from multiple sources; in addition to adapting numerous traditional Christian themes, the books freely borrow characters and ideas from [[Persian mythology|Persian]], [[Greek mythology|Greek]], Anatolian and [[Roman mythology]] as well as from traditional British and Irish fairy tales. The books have profoundly influenced adult and children's fantasy literature since World War II. Lewis's exploration of themes not usually present in children's literature, such as religion, as well as the books' perceived treatment of issues including race and gender, has caused some controversy. |
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{{TOC limit|limit=2}} |
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==Background and conception== |
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Although Lewis originally conceived what would become ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' in 1939,<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. Fully revised & expanded edition. (2002), pp. 302–307. (The picture of a Faun with parcels in a snowy wood has a history dating to 1914.)</ref> he did not finish writing the first book ''[[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' until 1949. ''[[The Magician's Nephew]]'', the penultimate book to be published, but the last to be written, was completed in 1954. Lewis did not write the books in the order in which they were originally published, nor were they published in their current chronological order of presentation.<ref name="Ford">{{cite book |title=Companion to Narnia: Revised Edition |last=Ford |first=Paul |year=2005 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-06-079127-8 }}</ref> The original illustrator, Pauline Baynes, created for the Narnia books pen and ink drawings which are still used in the books as published today. Lewis was awarded the 1956 [[Carnegie Medal (literary award)|Carnegie Medal]] for ''The Last Battle'', the final book in the saga. Fellow children's author [[Roger Lancelyn Green]] first referred to the series as ''The Chronicles of Narnia'', in March 1951, after he had read and discussed with Lewis his recently completed fourth book ''[[The Silver Chair]]'', originally entitled ''Night under Narnia''.<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. (2002), p. 311.</ref> |
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Lewis described the origin of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' in an essay entitled "It All Began with a Picture": |
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<blockquote> |
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The ''Lion'' all began with a picture of a [[Faun]] carrying an umbrella and parcels in a snowy wood. This picture had been in my mind since I was about sixteen. Then one day, when I was about forty, I said to myself: 'Let's try to make a story about it.'<ref>C. S. Lewis. ''On Stories: And Other Essays on Literature''. 1982, p. 53. ISBN 0-15-668788-7</ref></blockquote> |
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Shortly before the start of World War II, [[Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|many children were evacuated]] to the English countryside in anticipation of attacks on London and other major urban areas by Nazi Germany. As a result, on 2 September 1939, three school girls, Margaret, Mary and Katherine,<ref>Paul F. Ford. ''Companion to Narnia. Revised Edition.'' 2005, p. 106. ISBN 978-0-06-079127-8</ref> came to live at [[The Kilns]] in [[Risinghurst]], Lewis' home three miles east of [[Oxford]] city centre. Lewis later suggested that the experience gave him a new appreciation of children and in late September<ref>Owen Dudley Edwards. ''British Children's Fiction in the Second World War.'' 2007, p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7486-1650-3</ref> he began a children's story on an odd sheet of paper which has survived as part of another manuscript: |
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<blockquote> |
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This book is about four children whose names were Ann, Martin, Rose and Peter. But it is most about Peter who was the youngest. They all had to go away from London suddenly because of Air Raids, and because Father, who was in the Army, had gone off to the War and Mother was doing some kind of war work. They were sent to stay with a kind of relation of Mother's who was a very old professor who lived all by himself in the country.<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] and [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography. Fully Revised and Expanded Edition''. 2002, p. 303. ISBN 0-00-715714-2</ref></blockquote> |
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In "It All Began With a Picture" C. S. Lewis continues: |
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<blockquote> |
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At first I had very little idea how the story would go. But then suddenly Aslan came bounding into it. I think I had been having a good many dreams of lions about that time. Apart from that, I don't know where the Lion came from or why he came. But once he was there, he pulled the whole story together, and soon he pulled the six other Narnian stories in after him.<ref>C. S. Lewis. ''On Stories: And Other Essays on Literature''. 1982, p. xix & 53. ISBN 0-15-668788-7. "It All Began with a Picture" is reprinted there from the ''Radio Times'', 15 July 1960.</ref></blockquote> |
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The manuscript for ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' was complete by the end of March 1949. |
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===Name=== |
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The name ''Narnia'' is based on [[Narni]], Italy, written in [[Latin]] as ''Narnia''. Lancelyn Green wrote: <blockquote> |
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When Walter Hooper asked [C. S. Lewis] where he found the word 'Narnia', Lewis showed him Murray's Small Classical Atlas, ed. G.B. Grundy (1904), which he acquired when he was reading the classics with Mr Kirkpatrick at Great Bookham [1914–1917]. On plate 8 of the Atlas is a map of ancient Italy. Lewis had underscored the name of a little town called Narnia, simply because he liked the sound of it. Narnia — or 'Narni' in Italian — is in [[Umbria]], halfway between Rome and Assisi.<ref>Roger Lancelyn Green and Walter Hooper, C. S. Lewis: A Biography, 2002, p. 306.</ref></blockquote> |
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==Publication history== |
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''The Chronicles of Narnia's'' seven books have been in continuous publication since 1956, selling over 100 million copies in 47 languages and with editions in [[Braille]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kelly |first=Clint |year=2006 |title=Dear Mr. Lewis |journal=Respone |volume=29 |issue=1 |url=http://www.spu.edu/depts/uc/response/winter2k6/features/lewis.asp |accessdate=22 September 2008 |quote=The seven books of Narnia have sold more than 100 million copies in 30 languages, nearly 20 million in the last 10 years alone}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Guthmann |last=Edward |title='Narnia' tries to cash in on dual audience |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/12/11/NARNIA.TMP |work=SFGate|date=11 December 2005|accessdate=22 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://inklingsfocus.com/translation_index.html Glen H. GoodKnight. (2010). ''Narnia Editions & Translations.'' Last updated 3 August 2010]. Retrieved 6 September 2010.</ref> |
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The first five books were originally published in the United Kingdom by Geoffrey Bles. The first edition of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' was released in London on 16 October 1950. Although three more books, ''Prince Caspian'', ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'' and ''The Horse and His Boy'', were already complete, they were not released immediately at that time, but appeared (along with ''The Silver Chair'') one at a time in each of the subsequent years (1951–1954). The last two books (''The Magician's Nephew'' and ''The Last Battle'') were published in the United Kingdom originally by [[The Bodley Head]] in 1955 and 1956.<ref>Peter J. Schakel, ''The Way Into Narnia'', William B. Eerdmans, 2005, p 13.</ref><ref>Paul Ford. ''Companion to Narnia'', 5th Edition, 2005, p 464.</ref> |
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In the United States, the publication rights were first owned by [[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|Macmillan Publishers]], and later by [[HarperCollins]]. The two issued both hardcover and paperback editions of the series during their tenure as publishers, while at the same time [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic, Inc.]] produced paperback versions for sale primarily through direct mail order, book clubs, and book fairs. Harper Collins also published several one-volume collected editions containing the full text of the series. As noted below (see '''[[#Reading order|Reading Order]]'''), the first American publisher, Macmillan, numbered the books in publication sequence, but when Harper Collins won the rights in 1994, at the suggestion of Lewis' stepson they used the series' internal chronological order. Scholastic switched the numbering of its paperback editions in 1994 to mirror that of Harper Collins.<ref name="Ford"/> |
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==Books== |
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The seven books that make up ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' are presented here in order of original publication date: |
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Editors: Please keep this section spoiler free. Readers interested in more detail can find it in the individual book articles |
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===''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' (1950)=== |
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{{Main|The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe}} |
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''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', completed by the end of March 1949<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. 2002, p. 307.</ref> and published by Geoffrey Bles in the United Kingdom on 16 October 1950, tells the story of four ordinary children: [[Peter Pevensie|Peter]], [[Susan Pevensie|Susan]], [[Edmund Pevensie|Edmund]], and [[Lucy Pevensie]], who have been evacuated to the English countryside from [[London]] in 1940 following the outbreak of [[World War II]]. They discover a wardrobe in Professor [[Digory Kirke]]'s house that leads to the magical land of Narnia. The Pevensie children help Aslan, a talking lion, save Narnia from the evil [[White Witch]], who has reigned over the land of Narnia for a century of perpetual winter with no Christmas. The children become kings and queens of this new-found land and establish the Golden Age of Narnia, leaving a legacy to be rediscovered in later books. |
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===''Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia'' (1951)=== |
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{{Main|Prince Caspian}} |
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Completed after Christmas 1949<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. 2002, p. 309.</ref> and published on 15 October 1951, ''Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia'' tells the story of the Pevensie children's second trip to Narnia. They are drawn back by the power of Susan's horn, blown by [[Caspian X|Prince Caspian]] to summon help in his hour of need. Narnia, as they knew it, is no more, as more than 1,000 years have passed and their castle is in ruins, while all Narnians have retreated so far within themselves that only Aslan's magic can wake them. Caspian has fled into the woods to escape his uncle, [[Miraz]], who has usurped the throne. The children set out once again to save Narnia. |
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===''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'' (1952)=== |
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{{Main|The Voyage of the Dawn Treader}} |
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Written between January and February 1950<ref name="S. Lewis 2002, p. 310">[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. 2002, p. 310.</ref> and published on 15 September 1952, ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'' sees Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, along with their [[wiktionary:prig|priggish]] cousin, [[Eustace Scrubb]], return to Narnia. Once there, they join Caspian's voyage on the ship ''Dawn Treader'' to find the seven lords who were banished when Miraz took over the throne. This perilous journey brings them face to face with many wonders and dangers as they sail toward Aslan's country at the edge of the world. |
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===''The Silver Chair'' (1953)=== |
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{{Main|The Silver Chair}} |
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Completed at the beginning of March 1951<ref name="S. Lewis 2002, p. 310"/> and published 7 September 1953, ''The Silver Chair'' is the first Narnia book without any of the Pevensie children. Instead, Aslan calls Eustace back to Narnia together with his classmate [[Jill Pole]]. There they are given four signs to aid them in the search for Prince [[Rilian]], Caspian's son, who disappeared after setting out ten years earlier to avenge his mother's death. 50 years have passed in Narnia and Caspian, who was barely an adult in ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', is now an old man, while Eustace is still a child. |
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Eustace and Jill, with the help of [[Puddleglum]] the [[Marsh-wiggle]], face danger and betrayal on their quest to find Rilian. |
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===''The Horse and His Boy'' (1954)=== |
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{{Main|The Horse and His Boy}} |
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Begun in March and completed at the end of July 1950,<ref name="S. Lewis 2002, p. 310"/> ''The Horse and His Boy'' was published on 6 September 1954. The story takes place during the reign of the Pevensies in Narnia, an era which begins and ends in the last chapter of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe''. A talking horse called [[Bree (Narnia)|Bree]] and a young boy named [[Shasta (Narnia)|Shasta]], both of whom are in bondage in the country of [[Calormen]], are the protagonists. By "chance", they meet and plan their return to Narnia and freedom. Along the way they meet [[Aravis]] and her talking horse [[Hwin]] who are also fleeing to Narnia. |
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===''The Magician's Nephew'' (1955)=== |
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{{Main|The Magician's Nephew}} |
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Completed in February 1954<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. 2002, p. 313.</ref> |
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and published by Bodley Head in London on 2 May 1955, the prequel ''The Magician's Nephew'' brings the reader back to the origins of Narnia where we learn how Aslan created the world and how evil first entered it. [[Digory Kirke]] and his friend [[Polly Plummer]] stumble into different worlds by experimenting with magic rings made by Digory's uncle. They encounter [[White Witch|Jadis]] (The White Witch) in the dying world of Charn, and witness the creation of Narnia. Many long-standing questions about the world are answered as a result. The story is set in 1900, when Digory was a 12-year-old boy. He is a middle-aged professor and host to the Pevensie children by the time of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' 40 years later. |
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===''The Last Battle'' (1956)=== |
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{{Main|The Last Battle}} |
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Completed in March 1953<ref>[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] & [[Walter Hooper]], ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. 2002, p. 314.</ref> and published 4 September 1956, ''The Last Battle'' chronicles the end of the world of Narnia. Jill and Eustace return to save Narnia from [[Shift (Narnia)|Shift]], an ape, who tricks [[Puzzle (Narnia)|Puzzle]], a donkey, into impersonating the lion Aslan, precipitating a showdown between the Calormenes and [[Tirian|King Tirian]]. |
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==Reading order== |
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Fans of the series often have strong opinions over the order in which the books should be read. The issue revolves around the placement of ''The Magician's Nephew'' and ''The Horse and His Boy'' in the series. Both are set significantly earlier in the story of Narnia than their publication order and fall somewhat outside the main story arc connecting the others. The reading order of the other five books is not disputed. |
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[[File:MacMillanNarnia.JPG|thumb|200px|An earlier Macmillan paperback boxed set, where the books are presented in order of original publication]] |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;" |
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|- |
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!Original publication order |
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!Harper Collins order (chronological) |
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|- |
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|''[[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' |
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|''[[The Magician's Nephew]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[Prince Caspian]]'' |
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|''[[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]'' |
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|''[[The Horse and His Boy]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[The Silver Chair]]'' |
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|''[[Prince Caspian]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[The Horse and His Boy]]'' |
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|''[[The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[The Magician's Nephew]]'' |
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|''[[The Silver Chair]]'' |
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|- |
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|''[[The Last Battle]]'' |
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|''[[The Last Battle]]'' |
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|} |
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When first published, the books were not numbered. The first American publisher, Macmillan, enumerated them according to their original publication order, while some early British editions specified the internal chronological order. When Harper Collins took over the series rights in 1994, they adopted chronological order. To make the case for chronological order, Lewis' stepson, [[Douglas Gresham]], quoted Lewis' 1957 reply to a letter from an American fan who was having an argument with his mother about the order: |
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<blockquote> |
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I think I agree with your [chronological] order for reading the books more than with your mother's. The series was not planned beforehand as she thinks. When I wrote ''The Lion'' I did not know I was going to write any more. Then I wrote ''P. Caspian'' as a sequel and still didn't think there would be any more, and when I had done ''The Voyage'' I felt quite sure it would be the last, but I found I was wrong. So perhaps it does not matter very much in which order anyone read them. I’m not even sure that all the others were written in the same order in which they were published.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dorsett |first=Lyle |coauthors=Marjorie Lamp Mead (ed.) |title=C. S. Lewis: Letters to Children |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster|Touchstone]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-684-82372-0 }}</ref></blockquote> |
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In the 2005 Harper Collins adult editions of the books, the publisher cites this letter to assert Lewis' preference for the numbering they adopted by including this notice on the copyright page: |
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<blockquote> |
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Although The Magician's Nephew was written several years after C. S. Lewis first began The Chronicles of Narnia, he wanted it to be read as the first book in the series. Harper Collins is happy to present these books in the order in which Professor Lewis preferred.</blockquote> |
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Paul Ford cites several scholars who have weighed in against this view,<ref>Paul Ford. ''Companion to Narnia'', 5th Edition, 2005, p xxiii–xxiv.</ref> and continues, "most scholars disagree with this decision and find it the least faithful to Lewis's deepest intentions".<ref name="Ford">{{cite book |title=Companion to Narnia: Revised Edition |last=Ford |first=Paul |year=2005 |page=24 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-06-079127-8 }}</ref> Scholars and readers who appreciate the original order believe that Lewis was simply being gracious to his youthful correspondent and that he could have changed the books' order in his lifetime had he so desired.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brady |first=Erik |title=A closer look at the world of ''Narnia'' |date=1 December 2005|accessdate=21 September 2008|work=USA Today |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-12-01-narnia-side_x.htm }}</ref> They maintain that much of the magic of Narnia comes from the way the world is gradually presented in ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' – that the mysterious wardrobe, as a narrative device, is a much better introduction to Narnia than ''The Magician's Nephew'', where the word "Narnia" appears in the first paragraph as something already familiar to the reader. Moreover, they say, it is clear from the texts themselves that ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' was intended to be read first. When Aslan is first mentioned in ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', for example, the narrator says that "None of the children knew who Aslan was, any more than you do" — which is nonsensical if one has already read ''The Magician's Nephew''.<ref name="Schakel">{{cite book |last=Schakel |first=Peter |title=Reading with the Heart: The Way into Narnia |publisher=Erdmans |location=Grand Rapids |isbn=978-0-8028-1814-0 |year=1979}}</ref> Other similar textual examples are also cited.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rilstone |first=Andrew |url=http://www.aslan.demon.co.uk/narnia.htm |title=What Order Should I Read the Narnia Books in (And Does It Matter?)|work=The Life and Opinions of Andrew Rilstone, Gentleman |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20051130010333/http://www.aslan.demon.co.uk/narnia.htm |archivedate = 30 November 2005}}</ref> |
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Doris Meyer, author of ''C. S. Lewis in Context'' and ''Bareface: A guide to C. S. Lewis'', writes that rearranging the stories chronologically "lessens the impact of the individual stories" and "obscures the literary structures as a whole".<ref name="Ford">{{cite book |title=Companion to Narnia: Revised Edition |last=Ford |first=Paul |year=2005 |page=474 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-06-079127-8 }}</ref> Peter Schakel devotes an entire chapter to this topic in his book ''Imagination and the Arts in C. S. Lewis: Journeying to Narnia and Other Worlds'', and in ''Reading with the Heart: The Way into Narnia'' he writes: |
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<blockquote>The only reason to read ''The Magician's Nephew'' first [...] is for the chronological order of events, and that, as every story teller knows, is quite unimportant as a reason. Often the early events in a sequence have a greater impact or effect as a flashback, told after later events which provide background and establish perspective. So it is [...] with the ''Chronicles''. The artistry, the archetypes, and the pattern of Christian thought all make it preferable to read the books in the order of their publication.<ref name="Schakel"/></blockquote> |
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==Main characters== |
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{{Further2|[[List of The Chronicles of Narnia characters]]}} |
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===Aslan=== |
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{{Main|Aslan}} |
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Aslan, the Great Lion, is the central character of ''The Chronicles of Narnia''. He is the [[eponymous]] lion of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', and his role in Narnia is developed throughout the remaining books. He is also the only character to appear in all seven books. Aslan is a talking lion, the King of Beasts, son of the [[Emperor-Over-the-Sea]]; a wise, compassionate, magical authority (both temporal and spiritual); and a mysterious and benevolent guide to the human children who visit as well as guardian and saviour of Narnia. C. S. Lewis described Aslan as an alternative version of Jesus as the form in which Christ might have appeared in an alternative reality.<ref>See Walter Hooper’s ''C. S. Lewis: A Companion and Guide''</ref> |
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===Pevensie Family=== |
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{{Main|Peter Pevensie|Susan Pevensie|Edmund Pevensie|Lucy Pevensie}} |
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The four Pevensie siblings are the main human protagonists of ''The Chronicles of Narnia''. Varying combinations of some or all of them appear in five of the seven novels. They are introduced in ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', and eventually become Kings and Queens of Narnia: [[High King]] Peter the Magnificent, Queen Susan the Gentle, King Edmund the Just, and Queen Lucy the Valiant. Although introduced in the series as children, the siblings (Peter in a passing mention) appear as adults in ''The Horse and His Boy''. Echoing the Christian theme of redemption, Edmund betrays his siblings to Jadis, the White Witch, but eventually realises the error of his ways whereupon he is redeemed with the intervention of Aslan and joins the fight against the White Witch. Lucy is the central character of the four Pevensie siblings. Of all the Pevensie children, Lucy is the closest to Aslan, and of all the human characters who visit Narnia, Lucy is perhaps the one who believes in Narnia the most. All four appear in ''The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe'' and ''Prince Caspian''. Susan, Lucy, and Edmund (Peter is mentioned) appear in ''The Horse and His Boy.'' Lucy and Edmund appear in ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader''. Peter, Edmund, and Lucy appear in ''The Last Battle''. Susan doesn't appear in ''The Last Battle'' because she has stopped believing in Narnia. Asked by a child in 1958 if he would please write another book entitled "Susan of Narnia" so that the entire Pevensie family would be reunited, C. S. Lewis replied: "I am so glad you like the Narnian books and it was nice of you to write and tell me. There's no use just asking <u>me</u> to write more. When stories come into my mind I have to write them, and when they don't I can't!..."*<ref>*Private collection, Patricia Baird</ref> |
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===Eustace Scrubb=== |
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{{Main|Eustace Scrubb}} |
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Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a cousin of the Pevensies, and a classmate of Jill Pole at their school [[List_of_places_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia#E|Experiment House]]. He is portrayed at first as a brat and a bully, but comes to confront and improve his behaviour. In the later books, Eustace is shown as an altogether better person, becoming a hero along with Jill Pole. He appears in ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', ''The Silver Chair'', and ''The Last Battle.'' |
Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a cousin of the Pevensies, and a classmate of Jill Pole at their school [[List_of_places_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia#E|Experiment House]]. He is portrayed at first as a brat and a bully, but comes to confront and improve his behaviour. In the later books, Eustace is shown as an altogether better person, becoming a hero along with Jill Pole. He appears in ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', ''The Silver Chair'', and ''The Last Battle.'' |
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Revision as of 18:18, 4 December 2013
The Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a cousin of the Pevensies, and a classmate of Jill Pole at their school Experiment House. He is portrayed at first as a brat and a bully, but comes to confront and improve his behaviour. In the later books, Eustace is shown as an altogether better person, becoming a hero along with Jill Pole. He appears in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair, and The Last Battle.
Jill Pole
Jill Pole appears in The Silver Chair, where she is the viewpoint character for most of the action, and returns in The Last Battle. She is a classmate and neighbour of Eustace Scrubb. In The Silver Chair Eustace introduces her to the Narnian world, where Aslan gives her the task of finding Caspian's lost son. In The Last Battle she and Eustace accompany King Tirian in his ill-fated defence of Narnia against the Calormenes.
Digory Kirke
Digory Kirke is the character referred to in the title of The Magician's Nephew. He first appears as a minor character in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, but his true significance in the narrative is only revealed in The Magician's Nephew.
Polly Plummer
Polly Plummer appears in The Magician's Nephew and The Last Battle. She is a friend of Digory Kirke. Her accidental journey to the Wood between the Worlds prompts Digory to follow her, and sets up the pair's adventures in The Magician's Nephew.
Prince Caspian / Caspian X
Prince Caspian, later to become King Caspian X of Narnia, Lord of Cair Paravel and Emperor of The Lone Islands – also called "Caspian the Seafarer" and "Caspian the Navigator" — is the title character of the second book in the series, first introduced as the young nephew and heir of King Miraz of Narnia. Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia is set 1300 years after the rule of High King Peter and his siblings, when Old Narnians have been driven into hiding by Caspian's ancestors the Telmarines. Caspian is also a central character in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, and appears briefly at the beginning and end of The Silver Chair.
White Witch / Jadis
Jadis, commonly known during her rule of Narnia as the White Witch, is the main antagonist of The Magician's Nephew and The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe. She is the witch responsible for the freezing of Narnia resulting in the Hundred Years Winter. The White Witch was born in the world of Charn before the creation of Narnia and died in battle in Narnian year 1000.
Shasta / Cor
Shasta, later known as Cor of Archenland, is the principal character in The Horse and His Boy. Born the eldest son and heir of King Lune of Archenland, and elder twin of Prince Corin, Cor was kidnapped as an infant and raised as a fisherman's son in the country of Calormen. Sold into slavery in The Horse and his Boy, Shasta escapes to freedom, saves Archenland and Narnia from invasion, learns his true identity, and is restored to his heritage. Shasta grows up to become King of Archenland, marries the Calormene Tarkheena Aravis, and fathers the next king of Archenland, Ram the Great.
Lol narnia is equivelant to my ears and nose