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Caledon, Ontario

Coordinates: 43°51′58″N 79°51′32″W / 43.86611°N 79.85889°W / 43.86611; -79.85889[1]
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(Redirected from Tamarack, Ontario)
Not to be confused with Caledonia, Ontario.
Caledon
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Caledon
Cheltenham Badlands
Cheltenham Badlands
Flag of Caledon
Flag
Official logo of Caledon
Logo
Caledon is located in Regional Municipality of Peel
Caledon
Caledon
Caledon is located in Southern Ontario
Caledon
Caledon
Coordinates: 43°51′58″N 79°51′32″W / 43.86611°N 79.85889°W / 43.86611; -79.85889[1]
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Regional municipalityPeel Region
EstablishedJanuary 1, 1974
Government
 • MayorAnnette Groves
 • Governing BodyCaledon Town Council
 • MPKyle Seeback (CPC)
 • MPPSylvia Jones (PC)
Area
[2][3]
 • Total
694.04 km2 (267.97 sq mi)
 • Land688.82 km2 (265.95 sq mi)
 • Water5.22 km2 (2.02 sq mi)
Highest elevation
[4][better source needed]
485 m (1,591 ft)
Lowest elevation
[5][better source needed]
221 m (725 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total
76,581
 • Density111.2/km2 (288/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
L7C, L7K
Area code(s)905, 519
WebsiteOfficial website

Caledon (/ˈkælədən/; 2021 population 76,581) is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The name comes from a shortened form of Caledonia, the Roman name for what is now Scotland.[6] Caledon is primarily rural with a number of hamlets and small villages, but also contains the larger community of Bolton (population 26,795) in its southeastern quadrant, adjacent to York Region.[7] Some spillover urbanization also occurs in the south bordering the City of Brampton.

Caledon is the northernmost of three municipalities of Peel Region. The town is northwest of Brampton. According to Statistics Canada the land area is 688 km2 (266 sq mi)[2] and, according to the city the area is 696.04 km2 (268.74 sq mi),[3] which makes Caledon the largest municipality by area in the Greater Toronto Area.

History

[edit]

By 1869, Belfountain was a village with a population of 100 in the Township of Caledon County Peel. It was established on the Credit River. There were stagecoaches to Erin and Georgetown. The average price of land was $20.[8][specify]

In 1973, Caledon acquired more territory when Chinguacousy dissolved, with most sections north of Mayfield Road (excluding Snelgrove) transferred to the township.

Caledon inherited the name from Caledon Township of Peel County, Ontario, in 1974, which was likely named by settlers like Edward Ellis, who came from the area around Caledon, County Tyrone, now in Northern Ireland, or by public voting.[9]

In 1974, Peel County's 10 municipalities became the Region of Peel's 3 municipalities. The Town of Caledon was created from the villages of Bolton and Caledon East, the townships of Albion and Caledon, and the north half of Chinguacousy.

Communities

[edit]
New housing development in the south of the town bordering Brampton

The primary administrative and commercial centre of Caledon is the community of Bolton, which the federal government estimated as having a population of 26,795 in 2021. [10]

Aside from Bolton, other smaller communities in Caledon include the following:

  • Rural service centres (i.e.:larger hamlets, villages, or new residential developments): Caledon East, Mayfield West
  • Villages: Alton, Belfountain, Caledon Village, Cheltenham, Inglewood, Mono Mills, Palgrave
  • Hamlets: Albion, Alloa, Brimstone (Brimstone Point), Campbell's Cross, Cataract, Claude, Melville, Mono Road, Terra Cotta, Wildfield
  • Industrial/commercial centres: Sandhill, Tullamore, Victoria
  • Other localities: Boston Mills, Castlederg, Cedar Meadows, Cedar Mills, Coulterville, Coventry, Ferndale, Forks of the Credit, The Grange, Humber, Humber Grove, Kilmanagh, Lockton, Macville, McLeodville, Glasgow, Palgrave Estates, Rockside, Rosehill, Silver Creek, Sleswick, Sligo, Star, Stonehart, Taylorwoods, Tormore, Valleywood

The municipality is otherwise sparsely populated, mostly with farms.

Former localities

[edit]

Former hamlets (ghost towns) include:

  • Kennedy's Corners (Old School and Airport Roads)
  • Fox's Corners (Willoughby Road and Charleston Side Road)
  • Greenlaw (The Grange Sideroad and Winston Churchill Boulevard)
  • Caldwell (The Grange Sideroad and Kennedy Road)
  • Caldwell Junction (Olde Base Line and Mountainview Roads)
  • “Old” Glasgow (Edelweiss Park/Humber Valley Heritage Trail)
  • Glencoe's Corners (Olde Base Line and Creditview Roads)
  • Mayfield (Mayfield and Dixie Roads). Area at Brampton boundary now undergoing urbanization.
  • McBride's Corners (Olde Base Line Road and Highway 10)

Demographics

[edit]
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
198126,645—    
199134,965+31.2%
199639,893+14.1%
200150,595+26.8%
200657,050+12.8%
201159,460+4.2%
201666,502+11.8%
202176,581+15.2%
Source: Statistics Canada

In the 2021 Canadian census, conducted by Statistics Canada, Caledon had a population of 76,581 living in 23,699 of its 24,795 total private dwellings, a change of 15.2% from its 2016 population of 66,502. With a land area of 688.82 km2 (265.95 sq mi), it had a population density of 111.2/km2 (287.9/sq mi) in 2021.[2]

In 2021, the median age was 40.8 years old, slightly lower than the provincial median of 41.6 years old.[11] Caledon's population is made of 49.8% women and 50.2% men.[12] There were 24,795 private dwellings. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in Caledon is $474,087, significantly higher than the national average of $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in Caledon is $83,454, much higher than the national average of $54,089. The average individual's income was $53,870.[13]

Ethnicity

[edit]

According to the 2021 Census, the largest five ethnic origins of the residents of Caledon are Italian (17,630; 23.2%), English (10,320; 13.6%), Indian (9,120; 12.0%), Scottish (8,270; 10.9%), and Canadian (8,095; 10.6%).[11]

66.3% of Caledon residents were white/European, 32.8% were visible minorities, and 0.8% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were South Asian (21.4%), Black (3.6%), Latin American (1.7%), Chinese (1.0%) and Filipino (1.0%)

Panethnic groups in the Town of Caledon (2001−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[14] 2016[15] 2011[16] 2006[17] 2001[18]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 50,450 66.31% 53,195 80.34% 52,820 89.56% 52,385 92.16% 47,710 94.74%
South Asian 16,310 21.44% 6,635 10.02% 1,995 3.38% 1,265 2.23% 700 1.39%
African 2,770 3.64% 1,880 2.84% 1,205 2.04% 860 1.51% 770 1.53%
Latin American 1,310 1.72% 905 1.37% 600 1.02% 480 0.84% 175 0.35%
Southeast Asian[b] 1,105 1.45% 730 1.1% 495 0.84% 395 0.69% 80 0.16%
Middle Eastern[c] 1,060 1.39% 495 0.75% 300 0.51% 175 0.31% 255 0.51%
East Asian[d] 975 1.28% 900 1.36% 620 1.05% 525 0.92% 365 0.72%
Indigenous 620 0.81% 615 0.93% 450 0.76% 360 0.63% 145 0.29%
Other/multiracial[e] 1,490 1.96% 855 1.29% 495 0.84% 390 0.69% 175 0.35%
Total responses 76,085 99.35% 66,215 99.57% 58,975 99.18% 56,840 99.63% 50,360 99.52%
Total population 76,581 100% 66,502 100% 59,460 100% 57,050 100% 50,605 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Language

[edit]

English is the mother tongue of 65.4% of the residents of Caledon. Native speakers of Punjabi make up 11.1% of the town's population, Italian 5.4%, Portuguese 1.4%, Spanish 1.3%, and Polish 1.0%.[11]

Religion

[edit]

As of 2021,[11] 58.5% of Caledon's population was Christian, down from 77.5% in 2011.[19] 38.2% of residents were Catholic, 10.5% were Protestant, 6.0% were Christian without precision, 1.8% were Christian Orthodox, and 2.0% belonged to other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions; 19.3% of the population was non-religious or secular, up from 18.6% in 2011. All other religions and spiritual traditions accounted for 22.2% of the population, up from 3.9% in 2011. They included Sikhism (14.3%), Hinduism (4.7%), Islam (2.1%), Buddhism (0.5%), and Judaism (0.4%).

Religious groups in the Town of Caledon (1991−2021)
Religious
group 		2021[14] 2011[16] 2001[18] 1991[20]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christian 44,495 58.48% 45,685 77.47% 41,720 82.84% 29,440 84.66%
Sikh 10,865 14.28% 1,175 1.99% 375 0.74% 105 0.3%
Hindu 3,545 4.66% 495 0.84% 165 0.33% 65 0.19%
Muslim 1,580 2.08% 215 0.36% 160 0.32% 115 0.33%
Buddhist 365 0.48% 90 0.15% 45 0.09% 35 0.1%
Jewish 280 0.37% 180 0.31% 115 0.23% 90 0.26%
Other religion 290 0.38% 150 0.25% 125 0.25% 30 0.09%
Irreligious 14,665 19.27% 10,975 18.61% 7,650 15.19% 4,885 14.05%
Total responses 76,085 99.35% 58,975 99.18% 50,360 99.54% 34,775 99.46%

Government

[edit]

The town is run by a mayor, six town councillors and two regional councillors. The mayor and the two regional councillors represent Caledon at the Region of Peel:

  • Mayor Annette Groves
  • Councillor Ward 1 Lynn Kiernan
  • Councillor Ward 2 Dave Sheen
  • Councillor Ward 3 Doug Maskell
  • Councillor Ward 4 Nick deBoer
  • Councillor Ward 5 Tony Rosa
  • Councillor Ward 6 Cosimo Napoli
  • Regional Councillor Wards 1, 2, 3 Christina Early
  • Regional Councillor Wards 4, 5, 6 Mario Russo

Per capita, Caledon has by far the largest representation on Peel Regional Council of the three municipalities, however Caledon's land mass exceeds that of Mississauga and Brampton combined.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Albion Field Centre (Albion Township and Caledon)
Climate ID: 6150103; coordinates 43°55′N 79°50′W / 43.917°N 79.833°W / 43.917; -79.833 (Albion Field Centre)); elevation: 281.9 m (925 ft); 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		24.5
(76.1) 		30.0
(86.0) 		33.0
(91.4) 		34.5
(94.1) 		36.1
(97.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		30.6
(87.1) 		22.2
(72.0) 		19.5
(67.1) 		36.1
(97.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.7
(38.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.1
(77.2) 		19.9
(67.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		5.8
(42.4) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		6.1
(43.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		8.1
(46.6) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		6.7
(44.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −11.2
(11.8) 		−10.4
(13.3) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.9
(42.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		13.5
(56.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		8.6
(47.5) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		1.5
(34.7)
Record low °C (°F) −36.5
(−33.7) 		−35.0
(−31.0) 		−31.5
(−24.7) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−19.0
(−2.2) 		−32.0
(−25.6) 		−36.5
(−33.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 60.4
(2.38) 		50.2
(1.98) 		50.3
(1.98) 		67.0
(2.64) 		76.1
(3.00) 		75.5
(2.97) 		81.8
(3.22) 		77.4
(3.05) 		75.0
(2.95) 		68.3
(2.69) 		81.7
(3.22) 		57.7
(2.27) 		821.5
(32.34)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 24.0
(0.94) 		22.2
(0.87) 		27.3
(1.07) 		63.0
(2.48) 		76.1
(3.00) 		75.5
(2.97) 		81.8
(3.22) 		77.4
(3.05) 		75.0
(2.95) 		64.9
(2.56) 		67.8
(2.67) 		25.9
(1.02) 		681.0
(26.81)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 36.4
(14.3) 		28.0
(11.0) 		23.0
(9.1) 		4.0
(1.6) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		3.4
(1.3) 		13.8
(5.4) 		31.9
(12.6) 		140.5
(55.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 12.4 9.4 9.6 10.8 10.3 10.2 9.0 9.8 10.8 11.3 12.1 9.8 125.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 3.3 3.6 5.2 9.9 10.3 10.2 9.0 9.8 10.8 11.2 9.3 3.7 96.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 9.8 6.4 5.3 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.0 6.8 34.3
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[21]

Education

[edit]

The Peel District School Board operates 14 public schools and two secondary (high) schools in Caledon. The Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board operates several Catholic elementary/middle and two secondary schools. The Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir operates one Catholic francophone (first-language French) elementary school. There also several private and Montessori schools.

School (location in community)

[edit]
  • Allan Drive Middle School (Bolton)
  • Alloa Public School (Alloa)
  • Alton Public School (Alton)
  • Belfountain Public School (Belfountain)
  • Brampton Christian School (Mayfield West)
  • Caledon Central Public School (Caledon Village)
  • Caledon East Public School (Caledon East)
  • Countryside Montessori and Private School
  • Creative Children's Montessori School (Bolton)
  • École élémentaire catholique Saint-Jean-Bosco (Mayfield West)
  • Ellwood Memorial Public School (Bolton)
  • Herb Campbell Public School (Campbell's Cross)
  • Headwater Hills Montessori School
  • The Hill Academy
  • Holy Family Elementary School (Bolton)
  • Humberview Secondary School (Bolton)
  • King's College School
  • James Bolton Public School (Bolton)
  • James Grieve Public School (Tullamore)
  • Macville Public School (Bolton)
  • Mayfield Secondary School
  • Mind Valley Montessori and Private School (Bolton)
  • Palgrave Public School (Palgrave)
  • St. Evan Catholic Elementary School (Mayfield West)
  • St. John Paul II Elementary School (Bolton)
  • Robert F. Hall Catholic Secondary School (Caledon East)
  • SouthFields Village Public School (Mayfield West)
  • St. Cornelius Elementary School (Caledon East)
  • St. John the Baptist Elementary School (Bolton)
  • St. Nicholas Elementary School (Bolton)
  • St Michael Catholic Secondary School (Bolton)
  • Tony Pontes Public School (Mayfield West)

Emergency services

[edit]

Caledon Fire & Emergency Services provides firefighting (using both career and volunteer firefighters), and medical emergency services. It has nine stations.

Ambulance service is run by the regional government's Peel Regional Paramedic Services, with three stations (#10, 11 and 12).

Despite being part of Peel Region, Caledon has its policing conducted from Ontario Provincial Police Caledon Detachment, rather than Peel Regional Police. The OPP also patrols the provincial highways in Caledon.

Transportation

[edit]
Highway 10 through Caledon

Highways/roads

[edit]

Highways in the municipality:

Former highways (now Regional roads):

Though never a provincial highway, Airport Road (Peel Poad 7), is a major north-south route to and from the Georgian Triangle for travellers from southern Peel.

Public transit

[edit]

GO Transit

[edit]

GO Transit operates two bus routes in Caledon:

Local transit

[edit]

Due to its largely rural nature, Caledon does not have its own transit system; however, Brampton Transit provides a rush hour-only bus line, 41 Bolton in Bolton and travels south down Highway 50 in to Queen Street/Highway 7 (at the border of Brampton and Vaughan) to make connections with other Brampton Transit routes and York Region Transit (YRT). Brampton Transit also operates three other routes short distances into suburban areas bordering Brampton within the town: Route 81 Mayfield West serves Kennedy Road in Mayfield West, and Routes 18 Dixie and 30 Airport Road provide limited service into industrial areas.[22][23]

Paratransit services for the elderly, disabled, and infirm are provided by Caledon Community Services Transportation and Transhelp. Both are run by the Region of Peel Accessible Transportation Services.

History

[edit]

There were two earlier privately-operated transit services running solely within Bolton with no connections to other services: In 1999 a company named Caledon Transit Incorporated ran a trial bus service in the community.[24] In 2006, the growing population of Bolton prompted local resident Darren Parberry to start a second bus service with two routes using leased school buses, called Métis Transit. One route ran briefly in 2006.[25] Both services ceased operations due to low ridership. Between 2019 and 2024, there was a third service, operated by a private contractor, Voyago, which provided minibus service in Bolton and traveled south down Highway 50 to Queen Street/Highway 7 to connect with Brampton Transit and YRT until it was replaced by the current Brampton Transit Route 41 on May 1, 2024. Adult cash fares were $4.00 and there were no free transfers with these systems.[26][27][28]

Culture

[edit]

The Alton Mill Arts Centre is located in Caledon.[29] Art galleries include Headwaters Arts[30] and Peel Art Gallery, Museum and Archives.[31]

Media

[edit]

Established in 1888 as the Cardwell Observer,[32] The Caledon Enterprise is published weekly from Bolton by Metroland Media.[33] Also based out of Bolton is The Caledon Citizen, established in 1982. A MELINIUM paper, it is published by Caledon Publishing Ltd.[34] A third newspaper, launched by Rick and Shelly Sargent in 2010, The Regional, was published monthly in Bolton. In November 2012, the paper was acquired by Caledon Publishing and ceased publication. The Sargents began working with the Caledon Citizen.

In January 2015 an online publication specific to Caledon, JustSayinCaledon.com, was started by former Bolton Ward 5 Regional Councillor Patti Foley. It publishes stories about local residents and businesses, Caledon event listings, town council highlights, opinion pieces, and a food section about local markets and restaurants.

A short-lived student-run newspaper, The Caledon Underground, was published in 2010.

The creepypasta 1999 depicts a fictional television station based in Caledon, called Caledon Local 21, which was on the air from 1997 to 1999 in the broadcast area of stations in the Greater Toronto Area and Hamilton.[35]

Key Porter Books and its parent H.B. Fenn are headquartered in Bolton. The radio stations CJFB-FM and CFGM-FM are broadcast.

Historic sites

[edit]
Back of the Alton Mill in 2019

Trails

[edit]
  • Andrew's Treasure Trail
  • Bruce Trail
  • Caledon Trailway
  • Elora-Cataract Trail
  • Grand Valley Trail
  • Humber Valley Trail
  • Oak Ridges Trail

Organizations

[edit]

Protected areas

[edit]
Caledon Lake lies in the headwaters of the Credit River.

Sports and recreation

[edit]

Junior hockey teams include the Caledon Admirals (Jr. A), Caledon Bombers (Jr. B) and the Caledon Golden Hawks (Jr. C). The Caledon Canadians are now defunct.

Minor hockey teams include the Caledon Hawks and the Caledon Coyotes.

Lacrosse in Caledon is represented by the Caledon Vaughan Minor Lacrosse Association, which operates Minor Field and both minor and junior C box teams.

Mike Fox, the winner of the 2007 Queen's Plate, was foaled in Caledon, and Peaks and Valleys currently stands there.

Caledon Equestrian Park, in Palgrave, hosted the equestrian events of the 2015 Pan American Games.[40]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Caledon, Ontario

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Caledon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. ^ a b c d "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Town of Caledon, Open Data. "Town of Caledon Open Data". Caledon Boundary. Town of Caledon. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  4. ^ 43° 51' 44" N, 80° 8' 13" W, as per Google Earth
  5. ^ 43° 49' 15" N, 79° 43' 34" W, as per Google Earth
  6. ^ Hamilton, William (1978). The Macmillan Book of Canadian Place Names. Toronto: Macmillan. p. 139. ISBN 0-7715-9754-1.
  7. ^ "Bolton, Ontario (Population Centre)". Census Profile, Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  8. ^ The province of Ontario gazetteer and directory. H. McEvoy Editor and Compiler, Toronto: Robertson & Cook, Publishers, 1869, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044081323123&view=1up&seq=58&q1=caledon%20$20, accessed 23 October 2020
  9. ^ "Heritage Designation Report: Edward Ellis House" (PDF). Caledon.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  10. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Bolton [Population centre], Ontario". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  11. ^ a b c d Canada, Statistics (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census". Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  12. ^ "Demographics in Caledon".
  13. ^ Canada, Statistics (2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  14. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  15. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  16. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  17. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  18. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  19. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-05-08). "2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  20. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. "1991 Census of Canada: Census Area Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  21. ^ "Albion Field Centre". 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  22. ^ "Schedules and Maps: Routes Operating". City of Brampton. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  23. ^ Rumbolt, Ryan (2024-05-01). "New transit route connects Brampton workers with out-of-town employers | inBrampton". insauga | Local Online News. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
  24. ^ "Transit History of Ontario Communities (A-B)". Home.cc.umanitoba.ca. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  25. ^ "Wanted: Passengers for Bus Line (Original from transittoronto.ca)". Archived from the original on 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  26. ^ "CPTDB Wiki: Bolton Line". Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  27. ^ "Brampton Transit makes several route changes, including new route to Bolton". April 30, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  28. ^ "CPTDB Wiki: Photo of "Bolton Line" minibus". Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  29. ^ "Alton Mill Arts Centre – Restoration: How the Mill came to be restored and adapted to a new use".
  30. ^ "About us | Headwaters Arts".
  31. ^ "In Our Community". 23 September 2021. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  32. ^ Heyes, Esther (1968). The Story of Albion (PDF) (2 ed.). Bolton ON: Bolton Enterprise. p. 323. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-28. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  33. ^ "Caledon Enterprise". Metroland Media. Mississauga ON. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  34. ^ "Contact Info". Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  35. ^ Lucia Peters (March 27, 2015). "Is This Creepypasta Story Real?". Bustle. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  36. ^ https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=15541, Old Caledon Township Hall, Formally Recognized: 1982/01/25
  37. ^ https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=15530&pid=0, Millcroft Inn Formally Recognized: 1991/10/07
  38. ^ https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2088&pid=0, Alton Mill Formally Recognized: 2004/12/07
  39. ^ "Home". altongrange.ca.
  40. ^ "OLG Caledon Pan Am Equestrian Park". toronto2015.org. Pan Am / Parapan Am Games, 2015. Archived from the original on November 21, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2019.

Sources

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