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List of tallest buildings and structures in Glasgow

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Glasgow Tower
The Glasgow Tower, completed in 2001, at 127 m (417 ft) tall
St Andrew House
St Andrew House, completed in 1964 and 71 m (233 ft) tall
Cineworld
Cineworld Glasgow, the tallest cinema complex in the world at 62 m (203 ft) tall

This is a list of tallest buildings in Glasgow which are at least 40m (131ft) in height in the largest city in Scotland. The current tallest structure, at 127 metres (417 ft), is the Glasgow Tower within the Glasgow Science Centre. The city's Cineworld building is currently the tallest cinema building in the world.[1]

Some of the tallest buildings in the city range from 1960s tower blocks, to new office developments such as 1 Atlantic Square, St Andrew House, the Argyle Building and the Livingstone Tower. The tallest building ever to have stood in Glasgow was the 91 m (299 ft) tall Tait Tower in Bellahouston, built for the Empire Exhibition of 1938, but pulled down the following year.

The Ard was formally approved by Glasgow City Council in August 2024. The 36 storey, 125m tower will become the tallest habitable building in both Glasgow and Scotland upon completion.[2]

History of Glasgow skyline

[edit]
Glasgow City Centre skyline in September 2023
Glasgow had a high number of tower blocks, constructed primarily during the 1960s
The Red Road Flats were the tallest residential buildings in Europe upon their completion

Faced with crippling housing shortages and overcrowding in the immediate post-war period, the city undertook the building of multi-storey housing in tower blocks in the 1960s and early 1970s on a grand scale, which led to Glasgow becoming the first truly high-rise city in Britain. However, many of these schemes were poorly planned and cheaply constructed, which led to many of the blocks becoming unsanitary magnets for crime and deprivation.[3]

It would not be until 1988 that high-rises were built in the city once again, with the construction of the 17-storey Forum Hotel (latterly the Moat House International Hotel, and now the Crowne Plaza Hotel) next to the SECC. The 20-storey Hilton Hotel in Anderston followed in 1992. From the early 1990s, Glasgow City Council and its successor, the Glasgow Housing Association, have run a programme of demolishing the worst of the residential tower blocks, including Basil Spence's Gorbals blocks in 1993.[4]

Since the late 1990s, property developers have been planning new upmarket residential and office high-rises along the River Clyde, and in the city's financial district, which would far surpass these in height. Several proposed skyscrapers, such as Elphinstone Place which would have become the cities and Scotland's tallest, were cancelled due to financial reasons.

The term "tallest building in Glasgow" is itself ambiguous. Currently, two structures in the city have made a claim for the title depending on which measurement is used:

  • The Glasgow Tower as part of the Glasgow Science Centre on Prince's Dock on the South Bank of the River Clyde, holds the overall title as the tallest free-standing structure in Glasgow, and the whole of Scotland at a height of 127 m (417 ft), however this measurement includes the structure's spire. It holds a Guinness World Record for being the tallest tower in the world in which the whole structure is capable of rotating 360 degrees.[5]
  • From 1968 until their demolition in 2015, both the Red Road Flats and the Bluevale/Whitevale twin towers were the tallest buildings in Glasgow at 92m. The Red Road Flats were also the tallest residential buildings in Europe upon their completion.[6]
  • Between 2015 and 2023, the two western tower blocks of the 26-storey Balgrayhill high-rise estate in Springburn were the tallest buildings in Glasgow at 72m.[7]
  • Since 2023, the two Buchanan Wharf towers are the tallest buildings within the Glasgow city boundary at 80m.[8][dubious – discuss][better source needed]
  • The Ard was approved by Glasgow City Council in August 2024. With 36 stories, and standing at 125m (410ft), the building will become the tallest habitable building in both Glasgow and Scotland upon completion.[9]

Tallest completed buildings skyscrapers and structures

[edit]

Tallest buildings

[edit]
Rank Name Image Height Coordinates Floors Year Primary use Notes
1 Glasgow Tower 127 m (417 ft) 55°51′33″N 4°17′46″W / 55.859248°N 4.296229°W / 55.859248; -4.296229 (Glasgow Tower/Millennium Tower) 01.02 2001 Viewing Platform Holds a Guinness World Record for being the tallest tower in the world in which the whole structure is capable of rotating 360 degrees.[10][11]
2 Glasgow University Tower 85 m (279 ft) 55°52′17″N 4°17′19″W / 55.871348°N 4.288641°W / 55.871348; -4.288641 (University of Glasgow) 04.0? 1887 University [12][11]
3= Buchanan Wharf tower (1) 80 m (260 ft) 55°51′15″N 4°15′40″W / 55.854265°N 4.261100°W / 55.854265; -4.261100 02.019 2023 Mixed use One of two towers; located in Buchanan Wharf complex.[8][dubious – discuss][better source needed]
3= Buchanan Wharf tower (2) 80 m (260 ft) 55°51′15″N 4°15′40″W / 55.854265°N 4.261100°W / 55.854265; -4.261100 02.019 2023 Mixed use One of two towers; located in Buchanan Wharf complex.[8][dubious – discuss][better source needed]
5= 22 Viewpoint Place 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′28″N 4°13′48″W / 55.891233°N 4.229900°W / 55.891233; -4.229900 (Balgrayhill) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Springburn.[13][11]
5= 42 Viewpoint Place 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′28″N 4°13′48″W / 55.891233°N 4.229900°W / 55.891233; -4.229900 (Balgrayhill) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Springburn.[13][11]
5= 120 Wyndford Road 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′15″N 4°17′44″W / 55.887451°N 4.295517°W / 55.887451; -4.295517 (Wyndford Road) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Wyndford.[14][11]
5= 151 Wyndford Road 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′15″N 4°17′44″W / 55.887451°N 4.295517°W / 55.887451; -4.295517 (Wyndford Road) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Wyndford.[14][11]
5= 171 Wyndford Road 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′15″N 4°17′44″W / 55.887451°N 4.295517°W / 55.887451; -4.295517 (Wyndford Road) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Wyndford.[14][11]
5= 190 Wyndford Road 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′15″N 4°17′44″W / 55.887451°N 4.295517°W / 55.887451; -4.295517 (Wyndford Road) 04.026 1964 Residential Located in Wyndford.[14][11]
5= 15 Croftbank Street 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′00″N 4°13′28″W / 55.883351°N 4.224550°W / 55.883351; -4.224550 (Springburn) 02.026 1964 Residential Located in Springburn.[13][11]
5= 250 Edgefauld Road 78 m (256 ft) 55°53′00″N 4°13′28″W / 55.883351°N 4.224550°W / 55.883351; -4.224550 (Springburn) 02.026 1964 Residential Located in Springburn.[13][11]
13= 2 Taylor Place 75 m (246 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°14′39″W / 55.864951°N 4.244064°W / 55.864951; -4.244064 (Townhead) 04.025 1967 Residential Located in Townhead.[15][11]
13= 15 Grafton Place 75 m (246 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°14′39″W / 55.864951°N 4.244064°W / 55.864951; -4.244064 (Townhead) 04.025 1967 Residential Located in Townhead.[15][11]
13= 12 Dobbie's Loan Place[15][11] 75 m (246 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°14′39″W / 55.864951°N 4.244064°W / 55.864951; -4.244064 (Townhead) 04.025 1967 Residential Located in Townhead.[15][11]
13= 7 St. Mungo Place[15][11] 75 m (246 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°14′39″W / 55.864951°N 4.244064°W / 55.864951; -4.244064 (Townhead) 04.025 1967 Residential Located in Townhead.[15][11]
13= 178 Balgrayhill Road 75 m (246 ft) 55°53′28″N 4°13′48″W / 55.891233°N 4.229900°W / 55.891233; -4.229900 (Balgrayhill) 04.025 1964 Residential Highest man-made point above sea level within Glasgow city boundary. Located in Springburn.[13][11]
13= 198 Balgrayhill Road 75 m (246 ft) 55°53′28″N 4°13′48″W / 55.891233°N 4.229900°W / 55.891233; -4.229900 (Balgrayhill) 04.025 1964 Residential Highest man-made point above sea level within Glasgow city boundary. Located in Springburn.[13][11]
19 Glasgow City Chambers 73 m (240 ft) 55°51′39″N 4°14′55″W / 55.860957°N 4.248511°W / 55.860957; -4.248511 (Glasgow City Chambers) 04.04 1889 Government Building [16][11]
20 St. Andrew House 71 m (233 ft) 55°51′52″N 4°15′15″W / 55.864571°N 4.254194°W / 55.864571; -4.254194 (St Andrew House) 01.018 1964 Hotel Converted to a Premier Inn hotel in 2012. The rooms on the 18th Floor are the highest hotel rooms in the city.[17][11]
21 Hilton Glasgow 70 m (230 ft) 55°51′41″N 4°16′10″W / 55.861378°N 4.269345°W / 55.861378; -4.269345 (Hilton Glasgow) 01.020 1992 Hotel [18][11]
22= Ten 1960s tower blocks of varying design (two at Hutchesontown, three at Cowcaddens, five at Knightswood) and one modern apartment block at Glasgow Harbour are all the same height. 69 m (226 ft) 01.024 Various Residential [19][11]
32 Anniesland Court 66 m (217 ft) 55°53′28″N 4°19′31″W / 55.891020°N 4.325166°W / 55.891020; -4.325166 (Anniesland Court) 01.024 1968 Residential Tallest listed building in Scotland. Only tower block to have a Category A listing in Glasgow. Located in Anniesland.[20][21]
33= Cineworld Glasgow 62 m (203 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°15′18″W / 55.865115°N 4.254955°W / 55.865115; -4.254955 (Cineworld Glasgow) 16 2001 Cinema Tallest Cinema complex in the world.[22]
33= Argyle Building 62 m (203 ft) 55°51′34″N 4°16′04″W / 55.859477°N 4.267824°W / 55.859477; -4.267824 (Argyle Building) 01.020 2008 Residential [23]
33= Bridle Works Building 62 m (203 ft) 55°51′47″N 4°15′06″W / 55.862945°N 4.251771°W / 55.862945; -4.251771 (Glasgow Tower/Millennium Tower) 01.020 2021 Student accommodation
37 Queen Elizabeth University Hospital 60 m (200 ft) 55°51′43″N 4°20′28″W / 55.861973°N 4.341239°W / 55.861973; -4.341239 (South Glasgow University Hospital) 14 2015 Hospital [24]
38 Block H2 – Central Quay 58 m (190 ft) 55°51′31″N 4°16′29″W / 55.858559°N 4.2746137°W / 55.858559; -4.2746137 (Central Quay) 20 2022 Residential and retail Part of Central Quay
39 Crowne Plaza Glasgow 55 m (180 ft) 55°51′36″N 4°17′25″W / 55.860028°N 4.290414°W / 55.860028; -4.290414 (Crowne Plaza Glasgow) 17 1989 Hotel Part of the SECC.[25]
40 Elmbank Gardens 53 m (174 ft) 55°51′54″N 4°16′11″W / 55.865018°N 4.269737°W / 55.865018; -4.269737 (Elmbank Gardens) 15 1973 Hotel Originally an office block, converted to a hotel in 1995.[26]
41 Livingstone Tower 52 m (171 ft) 55°51′40″N 4°14′36″W / 55.860974°N 4.243464°W / 55.860974; -4.243464 (Livingstone Tower) 17 1965 University Part of the University of Strathclyde.[27]

Other notable tall structures

[edit]

Buildings with a Wikipedia article and over 50 metres in height.

Name Image Height Coordinates Floors Year Primary use Notes
Cathkin Braes wind turbine 125 m (410 ft)[a]
80 m (260 ft)[b]		 55°47′51″N 4°12′56″W / 55.797467°N 4.215594°W / 55.797467; -4.215594 (Cathkin Braes wind turbine) 2013 Wind turbine [28]
Glasgow Cathedral 68.6 m (225 ft) 55°51′47″N 4°14′05″W / 55.862978°N 4.234668°W / 55.862978; -4.234668 (Glasgow Cathedral) 1197 Cathedral [29][11]
St Andrew's West Church 67 m (220 ft) 55°51′55″N 4°16′01″W / 55.865206°N 4.266865°W / 55.865206; -4.266865 (St Columba Church) 1852 Church [30]
St Columba Church 61 m (200 ft) 55°51′46″N 4°16′00″W / 55.862774°N 4.266768°W / 55.862774; -4.266768 (St Columba Church) 1904 Cathedral [31]
St Mary's Cathedral 60.5 m (198 ft) 55°52′24″N 4°16′30″W / 55.873397°N 4.275077°W / 55.873397; -4.275077 (St Mary's Cathedral) 1893 Cathedral [32]
Finnieston Crane 53 m (174 ft) 55°51′30″N 4°17′04″W / 55.858217°N 4.284492°W / 55.858217; -4.284492 (Finnieston Crane) 1931 Cantilever crane [33]
  1. ^ including rotating blades with 45 m (148 ft) length
  2. ^ base 'hub' unit only.

Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed

[edit]

Approved

[edit]
Name Height
metres / ft 		Floors Year (est.) Primary Use Location Notes
The Grid 58m (190ft) 12 2020 Office International Financial Services District On Hold
The Ard 125 m (410 ft) 36 2024 Student Accommodation India Street Approved

Proposed

[edit]
Building Name Height Floors Main Usage Other Usage
Dandara City Wharf 87 m (285 ft) 28 Residential None
Custom House Quay[34] 69 m (226 ft) 25 Hotel Residential
Sky Plaza 49 m (161 ft) 16 Residential None
10–16 Dixon Street[35] 44 m (144 ft) 14 Residential Retail
Homes for the Future phase 2 44 m (144 ft) 13 Residential None
Central Quay Phase 5 42 m (138 ft) 10 Office Retail
145 St Vincent Street 42 m (138 ft) 10 Office None
Building 3 Atlantic Quay 35 m (115 ft) 10 Office None
St Andrews Wharf Residential 34 m (112 ft) 11 Residential None

Unbuilt

[edit]
Name Height Floors Year Notes
East One 180 m (590 ft) 55
Cheapside Tower 1 170 m (560 ft) 50
Cheapside Tower 2 170 m (560 ft) 50
Cheapside Tower 3 136 m (446 ft) 40
Elphinstone Place 134 m (440 ft) 39 Cancelled due to the 2008 Financial crisis. Now the site of the new Scottish Power HQ.[36]
Elmbank Tower 107.5 m (353 ft) 28 [37]
Glasgow Harbour Tower 93 m (305 ft) 30
Elphinstone Urban Village Tower 1 81 m (266 ft) 27
Graving Docks Tower 1 65 m (213 ft) 21
Elphinstone Urban Village Tower 2 60 m (200 ft) 20

Demolished

[edit]
Name Image Height Coordinates Floors Year built Year demolished Notes
Townsend Chimney 138 m (453 ft) 55°52′16″N 4°15′05″W / 55.871207°N 4.251493°W / 55.871207; -4.251493 (Townsend's Chimney) N/A 1859 1928 At J. Townsend Chemical Works, Port Dundas. Tallest chimney in the world from 1859 to 1889.[38][39][40][41][42]
Tennant's Stalk 133 m (436 ft) 55°52′13″N 4°14′05″W / 55.870249°N 4.234689°W / 55.870249; -4.234689 (Tennent's Stalk) N/A 1842 1922 At the St Rollox Chemical Works, Springburn. Tallest chimney in the world from 1842 to 1859. Demolished after being struck by lightning.[38][39][43][44][45]
Pinkston Power Station cooling tower 94 m (308 ft) 55°52′20″N 4°14′50″W / 55.8723°N 4.2472°W / 55.8723; -4.2472 (Pinkston) 1952 1976 Largest cooling tower in Europe at time of completion. Complex in Port Dundas (providing energy for the Glasgow Corporation Tramways) also included two 263 ft (80 m) chimney stacks.[46][47][48]
Tait Tower 91.4 m (300 ft) 55°50′44″N 4°19′05″W / 55.845535°N 4.318183°W / 55.845535; -4.318183 (Tait Tower) ? 1938 1939 Built as part of the 1938 Empire Exhibition.
109 Bluevale Street 90.8 m (298 ft) 55°51′21″N 4°12′56″W / 55.855958°N 4.215552°W / 55.855958; -4.215552 (Gallowgate) 30 1968 2015 Was the joint tallest inhabitable building in Scotland. Located in Gallowgate.[49]
51 Whitevale Street 90.8 m (298 ft) 55°51′21″N 4°12′56″W / 55.855958°N 4.215552°W / 55.855958; -4.215552 (Gallowgate) 30 1968 2015 Was the joint tallest inhabitable building in Scotland. Located in Gallowgate.[49]
10 Red Road Court 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2015 Tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
33 Petershill Drive 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2015 Tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
63 Petershill Drive 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2015 Tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
93 Petershill Drive 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2015 Tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
123 Petershill Drive 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2015 Tallest Residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
21 Birnie Court 89 m (292 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 31 1967 2013 Tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time of completion.[50]
153-213 Petershill Court 78 m (256 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 28 1967 2012 [50]
10-30 Petershill Court 74 m (243 ft) 55°52′49″N 4°12′30″W / 55.880355°N 4.208291°W / 55.880355; -4.208291 (Red Road) 26 1967 2015 [50]
Clydesdale Bank Tower 73 m (240 ft) 55°51′32″N 4°17′42″W / 55.858993°N 4.295110°W / 55.858993; -4.295110 (Clydesdale Bank Tower) 1 1987 1989 Built for the Glasgow Garden Festival, later moved to Rhyl in Wales.[51]
240 Roystonhill 72 m (236 ft) 55°52′03″N 4°13′26″W / 55.867604°N 4.223909°W / 55.867604; -4.223909 (Rosemount Street) 25 1967 1992 Located in Royston.[52]
20 Rosemount Street 72 m (236 ft) 55°52′03″N 4°13′26″W / 55.867604°N 4.223909°W / 55.867604; -4.223909 (Rosemount Street) 25 1967 2013 Located in Royston.[52]
40 Rosemount Street 72 m (236 ft) 55°52′03″N 4°13′26″W / 55.867604°N 4.223909°W / 55.867604; -4.223909 (Rosemount Street) 25 1967 2016 Located in Royston.[52]
Ten 1960s tower blocks of varying design (four at Laurieston, two at Gorbals, two at Hutchesontown) were all the same height. 69 m (226 ft) 01.024 Various Residential [19]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The world's tallest cinema built on a historic Glasgow entertainment patch". Glasgow Times. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Go-ahead for 36-floor student tower in Glasgow". BBC News. 20 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Disappearing Glasgow: documenting the demolition of a city's troubled past". The Guardian. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  4. ^ McLean, David (16 April 2022). "The notoriously dire Gorbals flats that locals dubbed 'The Dampies'". Glasgow Live. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  5. ^ Williams, Craig (9 June 2023). "Glasgow Tower: 'White elephant' reopens after four-year hiatus". The Herald. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Red Road Flats: A social history of Glasgow's most controversial towers". Glasgow World. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  7. ^ "16/01329/DC | Erection of a managed student residence (Sui-generis) and ancillary works:Erection of mixed use development comprising office, business, residential, retail, hotel, cafe/Restaurant and multi-storey car park use | 366 Cathedral Street Glasgow".
  8. ^ a b c "Glasgow's tallest buildings: The 30 tallest buildings in Glasgow". Glasgow World. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  9. ^ "Go-ahead for 36-floor student tower in Glasgow". BBC News. 20 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Science Centre Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w David McLean (4 May 2017). "Glasgow's top 15 tallest buildings". The Scotsman. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  12. ^ "The Gilbert Scott Building". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Buildings in Glasgow: Springburn". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  14. ^ a b c d "Buildings in Glasgow: Wyndford". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Buildings in Glasgow: Townhead". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  16. ^ "Glasgow City Chambers". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  18. ^ "Glasgow International Hilton Hotel". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  19. ^ a b "Buildings in Glasgow: Page 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  20. ^ "Tower Block UK: Anniesland Cross". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  21. ^ "Anniesland Court". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ^ "Glasgow UGC Multiplex". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  23. ^ "Cadogan Square". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ "Glasgow South Adult Hospital". Emporis. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  25. ^ "Crowne Plaza Hotel". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  26. ^ "Premier Inn Glasgow Charing Cross". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  27. ^ "Livingstone Tower, University of Strathclyde". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. ^ Vivienne Nicoll (23 May 2013). "£5m city turbine will be visible around world". Evening Times. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  29. ^ "Glasgow Cathedral". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. ^ "Renfield St. Stephen's Church". Emporis. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  31. ^ "Highland Cathedral". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. ^ "St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  33. ^ "Finnieston Crane". Clyde Waterfront. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  34. ^ "Custom House Quay". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  35. ^ "Dixon Street Development". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  36. ^ "Elphinstone Place". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  37. ^ "Elmbank Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  38. ^ a b Robert Bancroft; Francis Bancroft (1885). Tall Chimney Construction (PDF). Lewes: Farncombe and Co. p. 33. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  39. ^ a b Lynn Pearson (2016). Victorian and Edwardian British Industrial Architecture. The Crowood Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781785001901. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  40. ^ "Forth & Clyde Canal, Townsend's chimney, Glasgow". Archive Images. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  41. ^ "Port Dundas Townsend Chimney". SkyscraperPage.
  42. ^ When Glasgow had the Tallest Chimney(s) in the World, A Hauf Stop, 20 July 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022
  43. ^ "St. Rollox Chemical Works in Glasgow". BBC Sport. Alamy. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  44. ^ "Tennant's Stalk". SkyscraperPage.
  45. ^ When Glasgow had the Tallest Chimney(s) in the World, A Hauf Stop, 20 July 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022
  46. ^ "Glasgow, North Canal Bank Street, Pinkston Power Station". Canmore. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  47. ^ "Pinkston Power Station". The Glasgow Story. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  48. ^ Landmark vanishes in just six seconds, Glasgow Herald, 20 September 1976
  49. ^ a b "Buildings in Glasgow: Gallowgate". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h "Buildings in Glasgow: Red Road". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  51. ^ "Clydesdale Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  52. ^ a b c "Buildings in Glasgow: Royston". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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