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"Traditionally the dukkâla were a confederation comprising the ragrâga, hazmîra, banû dghûgh, banû mâgir, mushtarayya, and the SanHâja. The classic location for the dukkâla was the area bordered by the Oum er-Rabia and Tensift rivers and the Atlantic. After the early immigrations by al-Ma'qil (13th–14th centuries) only the Ragrâga remained intact."