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#REDIRECT [[Syriac people]] |
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{{Infobox Ethnic group |
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|group = Syriac people<br> |
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{{lang|arc|ܣܘܪܝܝܐ}} ''{{transl|arc|Sūryōye}}'' {{lang|arc|ܐܪܡܝܐ}} ''{{transl|arc|Orōmōye}}'' |
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|population = approx. 1.0 million |
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|poptime = |
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|region1 = '''{{resize|105%|Syriac-Aramean homeland}}'''<br> |
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|region2 = {{flagcountry|Syria}} |
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|pop2 = ca. 800,000 |
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|ref2 = {{lower|}} |
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|region3 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}} |
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|pop3 = 15,000 <ref>http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=87071&contact=1</ref> |
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|ref3 = {{lower|}} |
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|region4 = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} |
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|pop4 = 15,000 |
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|ref4 = {{lower|}}<br> |
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|region5 = '''{{resize|105%|Syriac-Aramean Diaspora}}'''<br> |
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|region6 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |
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|pop6 = 80,000 |
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|ref6 = {{lower|}} |
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|region7 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}} |
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|pop7 = 80,000 <ref name="SvD">{{cite news |first=Matilda |last=Hansson |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Nu visar vi världen vilka vi är |url=http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/inrikes/did_9505754.asp |format=HTML |work= |publisher=SvD, Svenska Dagbladet |id= |pages= |page= |date= |accessdate=2005-04-10 |language=Swedish |quote=Syrianer och assyrier är egentligen samma folk, med ett språk, en religion och rötter i samma länder: Turkiet, Irak, Iran, Libanon och Syrien. Medan syrianerna definierar sig utifrån sin tro, syrisk-ortodox kristendom, betraktar assyrierna sig som en folkgrupp, både etniskt och religiöst. }}</ref> |
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|ref7 = {{lower|}} |
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|region8 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |
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|pop8 = 50,000 |
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|ref8 = {{lower|}} |
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|langs = [[Turoyo language|Turoyo]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]] |
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|rels = [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]] |
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|scrips = The [[Bible]] |
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|related = [[Assyrians]], [[Chaldean Assyrians]], and other [[Assyrian people|Assyrian ethnic divisions]] |
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}} |
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The '''Syriac people''' (In [[Syriac]]: '''ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ '''), also known as '''[[Syriac/Aramean people]]''', are an [[ethnic group]] of [[Syriac Christians]] that are widely spread into countries such as [[Syria]], [[Turkey]], [[Israel]], and [[Iraq]]. In later times, many of them fled into [[Europe]], [[the United States]] and [[Australia]], to countries including [[Germany]] and [[Sweden]]. Today tens of thousands of Syriacs live in diaspora. |
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Many Syriacs, especially those originating in Syria ("Western Syriacs") claim that they are descendants of the [[Arameans]] (viz., the [[Neo-Hittite kingdoms]] of the [[Levant]] during and after the [[Bronze Age collapse]]). |
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This group roughly corresponds to the '''Syrian Jacobite''' denomination (named after [[Jacob Baradaeus]]), i.e. adherents of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] and [[Syriac Catholic Church]], which are churches of the so-called [[West Syrian Rite]]. |
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== Identity == |
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{{see|Names of Syriac Christians}} |
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The term ''Syrian'' was changed to ''Syriac'' in referring to the (Syrian Christian) people and language so as to avoid confusion with belonging to the country of [[Syria (disambiguation)|Syria]]. For information on Syrian nationals see the [[Demographics of Syria]]. |
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The term '''Syriac-Aramaean identity''' is one form of Syriac identity, mainly held by [[Western Syriacs]], which emphasizes [[Aramaean]] identity. |
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Irredentist assertions includes northern [[Mesopotamia]] being called "[[Aram-Naharaim]]". Aramaeanist supporters are mainly found in the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]]. The Syrian Orthodox Church in the documentary ''[[The Hidden Pearl]]'' emphasizes the continuity of linguistic '''Aramaean''' identity. |
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The division has its roots in the Early Middle Ages, when Western Syriacs were located in Roman (Byzantine) territory ([[Roman Syria]]), and looked to the [[Patriarchate of Antioch]], rather than to the [[Church of the East]], originally on [[Sassanid]] territory, whence the Assyrian and Chaldean communities derive. These Christians tend to see themselves as Syrians or Aramaeans. What remains of actual [[Western Neo-Aramaic]], sometimes noted as the surviving language that would be the closest to the [[Aramaic of Jesus|language spoken by Jesus]], is only to be found in three villages near Damascus, in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. Self-identified Chaldeans and Aramaeans are frequently called "Assyrians" by [[Assyrian nationalists]]. This is resented by many who do not want to be identified, wholly or even partially, with the ancient Assyrians, or with modern Assyrian nationalism. This has led to intense dispute, for instance, over categories in the [[United States census]] and about press reports on [[minorities in Iraq]] |
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[[Image:Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg|200px|left|thumb|The Syriac-Aramean Flag]] |
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The Syriac flag has it history when [[André Dupont-Sommer]] made diggings in the well known and historical aramaic village [[Tell-Khalaf]] in [[Syria]], in the beginning of the 1900-century. He found a relief that shows three demons carrying the bewinged sunplate.<br> |
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The Syriacs in Syria started to use this symbol as an honour to their aramaic origin. |
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The sun is representing the universe, the wings as symbol for everything between the universe and earth, the flowers (that looks as stars) is a symbol for the four cardinal points and all life in earth. These three symbolize the universe. The red background was chosen because of all Syriac blood that has been spilled out due to all suffering and persecutions. The yellow color is symbolizing the hope for a own country. |
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<ref>http://flags-of-the-world.net/flags/sy%7Darama.html#des</ref> |
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== Homeland == |
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[[Image:Tigr-euph.png|thumb|200px|the Euphrat-Tigris watershed]] |
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Many Syriacs live today in the [[Middle East]], the area around Tigris and Euphrat rivers. The strongeset Syriac community is in Syria, where 800,000 Syriacs live. In [[Tur Abdin]], mostly known as the homeland, there are around 3,000 still left,<ref name="3000turabdin">*[http://sor.cua.edu/SOCNews/index.html SOC News report ,] ''He was documenting life in the Tur Abdin, where about 3,000 members of the Aramean minority still live''.''''</ref> and approx. 15,000 in Turkey.<br> |
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'''Turkey'''<br> |
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A lot of Syriacs are originally from [[Tur Abdin]]. The name '''Tur Abdin''' is on Syriac and means ''The mountains of servants of God''. This area was known as the worlds most church and monastery closed area. Today, there are around 3,000 Syriacs left in Tur Abdin and 15,000 in Turkey <ref>http://sor.cua.edu/SOCNews/2002/20021201EUPStmt.html</ref><br> |
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'''Syria'''<br> |
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The strongest Syriac stronghold in [[Syria]] is in [[Qamishli]] and '''Hassakeh'''. Syriacs who fled from the [[Syriac Genocide]], fled into the newly country known as Syria. Here they established cities as [[Qamishli]].<br> |
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== History == |
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{{main|History of Syriac Christianity|History of the Syriac/Assyrian people}} |
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[[Image:Abgarwithimageofedessa10thcentury.jpg|thumb|Abgar V meets Taddeus]] |
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The [[Aramean]] king [[Abgar]] the Black (Abgar u Komo) got the Syriac people to leave their polytheism belief for Christianity. During this time (300 after Christ), the most Syriacs lived in a place called [[Tur Abdin]] in [[Turkey]] <ref>Abu Al-husayn 'ali Ibn Al-husayn Al-mas'udi, born 895 in [[Baghdad]] [[Iraq]] and died 957 in al-Fustat [[Egypt]], was a historian and traveler, known as the “Herodotus of the Arabs.” He was the first Arab to combine history and scientific geography in a large-scale work. " [[Tur Abdin]] is the mountain where remnants of the Aramean Syriacs still survive''." (Michael Jan de Goeje: Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum III, Leiden 1906, 54, I) </ref>. Today, there is still 3000 Syriacs left in [[Tur Abdin]] <ref name="3000turabdin">*[http://sor.cua.edu/SOCNews/index.html SOC News report ,] ''He was documenting life in the Tur Abdin, where about 3,000 members of the Aramean minority still live''.'' |
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''</ref>. |
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The great king [[Abgar]] V the Black (In [[Syriac]]; ''Abgar u Komo''), son of the [[Araméans]] <ref name="serug">S:t Jakob from Serug in a poem about the martyrs Guria and Shamuna, he says that Abgar V is son of the Araméans: |
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'''''"Two precious pearls, which were an ornament for the bride of my lord Abgar, the Aramaean's son."''''' |
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''(Text tr. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (eds.), Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 8 (1886);) |
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(See Syriac Manuscripts from the Vatican Library: Volume 1, VatSyr. 117, number 224:On Shmona and Gurya. Fol. 551a, p. 1099)''</ref>, suffered from a leprosy sickness, that even his own doctor not could cure him from. Abgar had been told about a wise man in Palestine ([[Jesus]]) and that this person had effective cures against sicknesses. He send a delegation with a letter to Jesus and invited him to [[Edessa]], to cure Abgar. Jesus answered that could not come to Edessa, because he was on other dutys. But he sent one of his followers, Taddeus and this Taddeus cured king Abgar V. and not long after, Abgar V and the aramaic converted into [[Christianity]]. Abgar V´s kingdom, [[Edessa]], got famous because of this event, and many people visited Edessa to look at the letters that was exchanged between Abgar V and Jesus <ref name="abgar">This event is described in Eusebios from Caesares work ''Church-history'' (I.13;II.1) ( 300 A.D.) ''</ref>.<br> |
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Later, Edessa became a important centre for the christian Arameans (Syriacs) and for theirs Syriac-Christian culture. The aramaic dialect that was spoken in Edessa, became standard language in the new Syriac-Christian church. |
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Since 300 A.D. the Syriac people are living without a own state. At the [[Ottoman Empire]]ss fall after the first world war, the colonial power wanted to establish new order in the Middleast. [[France]] and [[Britain]] divided the area without taking consideration to ethnic groups. They drew a new map over the area and created new countrys as Syria, Iraq, Lebanon etc. Many Syriacs fled from [[Tur Abdin]] into the new countrys. Kamishli, Hassakeh and Derik was City´s in Syria that got dominated by Syriacs. Others fled to [[Irak]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], and the remaining ones stayed in Tur Abdin, In Southwest [[Turkey]]. The Syriac group got divided, and at the late 60´s, the first Syriac people fled into [[Europe]] from Lebanon. Today, there are not many Syriacs left in the middleast. In the homeland, Tur Abdin there are still about 3000 Syriacs left <ref name="3000turabdin">*[http://sor.cua.edu/SOCNews/index.html SOC News report ,] ''He was documenting life in the Tur Abdin, where about 3,000 members of the Aramean minority still live''.'' |
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''</ref>. <br><br> |
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in the end of 1300 AD, the Syriacs were in significiant majority in different areas in the [[Middleast]], but at the end of this century, the mongol [[Timur Lenk]] had assumed the Islamic religion and conquered big areas. Large amounts of Syriacs were killed and the survivals became a minority. Over 90,000 Syriacs were killed in [[Baghdad]]. The survival Syriacs fled into the mountains of [[Tur Abdin]]. The Syriacs gave it the name Tur Abdin, that in english means '''Mountain of the servants of God'''. This area became the centre for survival Syriacs. After this century, the Syriacs never succeeded in recovering, and this was the start on oppressions, persecutions and constant massacres on the Syriacs. |
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They´re counting on 25 big genocides on the Syriacs, and the largest one performed by Timur Lenk.<br> |
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<br> |
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The [[Syriac genocide]] was committed against the Syriac/Assyrian population of the [[Ottoman Empire]] near the end of the [[World War I|First World War]] by the [[Young Turks]].<ref>Assyrians: The Continuous Saga - Page 40 by Frederick A. Aprim</ref> The Syriac/Assyrian population of northern [[Mesopotamia]] ([[Tur Abdin]], [[Hakkari]], [[Van]], [[Siirt]] region in modern-day southeastern [[Turkey]] and [[Urmia]] region in northwestern [[Iran]]) was forcibly relocated and massacred by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ([[Turkish people|Turkish]] and [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]]) forces between [[1914]] and [[1920]] under the regime of the [[Young Turks]].<ref>{{cite book |
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|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PK-TPKvmG7UC&printsec=frontcover#PPA148,M1 |
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|title = Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide |
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|accessdate = |
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|accessmonthday = |
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|accessyear = |
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|author = [[Bat Ye'or|Ye'or, Bat]] |
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|last = |
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|first = |
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|authorlink = |
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|coauthors = Miriam Kochan, David Littman |
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|date = |
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|year = 2002 |
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|month = |
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|format = |
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|work = |
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|publisher = Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |
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|pages = pp. 148-149 |
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|language = English |
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|isbn = 0838639437 |
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|oclc = 47054791 |
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|doi = |
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|archiveurl = |
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|quote = |
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}}</ref> This genocide is considered by some scholars to be a part of the same policy of extermination as the [[Armenian Genocide]] and [[Pontic Greek Genocide]] <ref>Schaller, Dominik J. and Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008) 'Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies - introduction', Journal of Genocide Research, 10:1, 7 - 14</ref>. |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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<br> |
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==See also== |
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{{columns |
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|width=240px |
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|col1 = |
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*[[Aramaeans]] |
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*[[Aramaic]] |
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*[[Aramaean kings]] |
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*[[Aramaean kingdoms]] |
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*[[Suryoyo Sat]] |
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*[[Syriac Genocide|Syriac genocide]] |
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*[[Syriacs in Sweden]] |
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*[[Syriacs in Germany]] |
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*[[Syriacs in Lebanon]] |
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|col2 = |
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*[[Syriac Orthodox Church]] |
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*[[Syriac Catholic Church]] |
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*[[Beth Nahrin]] |
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*[[Syriac language]] |
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*[[Syriac Christianity]] |
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*[[List of Syriacs]] |
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}} |
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<br> |
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<!--Categories--> |
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[[Category:Syriacs| ]] |
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[[Category:Ancient peoples]] |
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[[Category:Semitic peoples]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Middle East]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Lebanon]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Iraq]] |
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[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Southwest Asia]] |
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{{Syriac Christianity}} |
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[[de:Suryoyo]] |
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[[de:Suryoye]] |
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[[sv:Syrianer]] |
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[[tr:Süryaniler]] |
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Revision as of 11:47, 16 March 2008
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