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Synchronized skating

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Synchronized skating
Team Paradise at the 2015 Grand Prix
Highest governing bodyInternational Skating Union
Nicknames"precision skating", "synchro"
First Performed1956; 68 years ago (1956)
Characteristics
Team members
  • between 8 and 20 figure skaters including 4 alternates
  • maximum 16 compete on the ice at once
Mixed-sexMixed
Type
Equipment
Venue
Presence
OlympicNo[1]
ParalympicNo
World GamesNo

Synchronized skating, often called synchro, is an ice skating sport where between 8 and 20 skaters perform together as a team. They move as a flowing unit at high speed over the ice, while performing elements and footwork.

This complex sport originated in 1956 and was initially called "precision skating" due to its emphasis on the maintenance of intricate and precise formations and the requirement of precise timing from all members of the group. Synchronized skating is now well-established as an organized sport in several European countries with several of them having produced teams who frequently win championships at the international level. As of 2022, there are more than 600 synchro teams in United States alone.[2]

Details

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Synchronized skating currently uses a judging format similar to singles, pairs and ice dancing. The discipline is primarily judged on skating skills, transitions, performance, composition, interpretation and difficulty of elements.[3]

A synchronized skating free skate program consists of elements that are executed in various shapes and formations both connected and disconnected, such as blocks, triangles, circles, lines, or wheels, done while intersecting, traveling across the ice, and rotating.[4] Teams are required to perform turns and step sequences, ranging in difficulty with each level.

There are many different levels including Pre-Preliminary, Preliminary, Beginner, Pre-juvenile, Open juvenile, Intermediate, Novice, Junior, Senior, and Adult.[5] In the highest-ranking levels, Junior and Senior division teams are required to perform a short program in addition to the free skate. The short program is more technical in nature, whereas the free skating program is longer and provides an opportunity to showcase expression, emotion and interpretation.[2]

Junior level teams compete in the Junior World Synchronized Skating Championships. At the senior level, teams compete at the World Synchronized Skating Championship.[2] All member nations of the ISU are allocated one entry for each level, countries that placed in the top five of the previous championship are awarded two team entries.[6]

The required elements must be performed in specific ways, as described by published communications by the ISU, unless otherwise specified. The ISU publishes violations and their points values yearly. Situations warranting deductions in synchronized skating include elements where one-quarter of the team or more fails to execute a maneuver in congruence with the majority of the team, falls, interruptions, illegal maneuvers (such as cartwheels), and violations of the rules concerning time, music, and clothing.

History

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In 1956, the first synchronized skating team was formed by Dr. Richard Porter.[7] The 'Hockettes' skated out of Ann Arbor, Michigan and entertained spectators during intermissions of the University of Michigan Wolverines hockey team. In the early days, precision skating (as it was then called) resembled a drill team routine, or a precision dance company such as The Rockettes.[citation needed] In 1974, the ISU published the first judges' handbook for synchronized skating.[8]

During the 1970s, the interest for this new sport grew and developed. Teams developed more creative and innovative routines incorporating stronger basic skating skills, new maneuvers and more sophisticated transitions with greater speed, style and agility. Due to the increased interest in the sport in North America, the first official international competition was held between Canadian and American teams in Michigan in March 1976. With the internationalization of the sport, it has evolved, with increasing emphasis on speed and skating skills, and "highlight" elements such as jumps, spirals, spins, and lifts that originally were not permitted in competition.

Elements and formations

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Competition programs include a variety of elements utilizing various shapes or formations. Scoring of each element is determined by their base value (BV) and grade of execution (GOE), together this determines the teams technical element score (TES). In competition the technical panel identifies elements as each element is performed, elements are then assigned a level of difficulty ranging from B (basic) to Level 4 (most difficult).[9] Element shapes are a set of distinct configurations that are easily identifiable, these shapes are used as the basis of most synchronized skating elements.

Formations

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Certain elements are composed of specific distinctive shapes or formations, occasionally transitioning from one shape to a different shape for a higher level of difficulty.

Block

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Identifiable by skaters lined up in at least three separate lines forming a polygonal shape, characterized as block, pyramid or diamond shapes in straight even spaced lines. The shapes can be closed or open formation, with open formations maintaining distinct empty space in the middle of the formation.

Circle

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Golden Blades performing a circle.

Characterized by rotating around a common center with even distance from the midpoint and spacing from teammates, circles can be connected or disconnected. different circle configurations include multiple circles, circle within a circle, and interlocking. To increase the level of difficulty a circle can include changes of place, or configuration, step sequences, weaving, interlocking, and changes of rotational direction.

Line

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Team Paradise at 2015 Grand Prix performing a line
Team Paradise at 2015 Grand Prix performing a line

Lines are integral to many elements and transitions as they demonstrate the team's collective skating skills and serve as building blocks for both blocks and wheel formations. Lines can be connected and disconnected.

Wheel

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Marigold IceUnity performing a wheel
Marigold IceUnity performing a wheel

A wheel is characterized by every skater rotating around a common center point in connected lines. Different formations that teams can form including a two to five spoke or a parallel wheel. Each spoke (line) of the wheel should be straight and the team should be leaning into the center of the wheel. The difficulty of the wheel can be increased by adding footwork, changing the rotational direction of the wheel, configuration of the wheel.

Elements

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Programs incorporate a set number of specific elements that is announced at the beginning of each season.[4] Currently junior and senior teams both complete 5 elements in the short program, in the free skate junior teams attempt 8 elements, and senior teams attempt 10.

Artistic Element

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Done in ether a circle/wheel formation, or a line/block formation, this element should be used to emphasize the music or theme of the program with no requirements for steps or changes of place.

Creative Element

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Selected each season, the creative element is intended to be a unique interpretation of the other defined elements or formations (e.g.: creative wheel, creative lift)

Group Lift Element

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Haydenettes performing a group lift

Incorporating all members of the team, skaters form different groups with each lifted skater supported by two or more teammates at any height. Group lifts can be classified as being ether gliding or rotational, with rotational lifts starting gliding then having the supporting skaters switch between forwards and backwards gliding to rotate the lifted skater.

Intersection Element

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Golden Blades performing an intersection
Golden Blades performing an intersection

An intersection, is when the skaters proceed towards each other in lines and intersect. The intersection can consist of two to four lines, with three and four line intersections forming a triangle or box shape before and after intersecting. The entry to the intersection can be made more difficult by executing various free skating or pair movements while forming the lines, or intersecting from an angle or a whip. The moment when the lines intersect is known as the point of intersection, here skaters do rotational turns or free skating movements to increase the level of difficulty.

Mixed Element

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Consisting of at least two separate element formations occurring simultaneously and interacting with each other. Some examples would be a circle within a wheel or line intersecting a block.

Move Element

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This element is a sequence of movements that must include free skating moves such as spirals, biellmanns, or 180's. The team can be split into units to execute additional features for levels of difficulty, such as ducking under each other's legs, changing edge, or transitioning from one position to another.

No Hold Element

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Nexxice at 2015 Grand Prix performing a no hold element

Done in a block formation, the skaters are disconnected but maintain even spacing while executing step sequences and changes of configuration.

Pair Element

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Team Surprise at the 2015 Grand Prix performing death spirals
Team Surprise at the 2015 Grand Prix performing death spirals, a common high-level pair element movement

Incorporating all members of the team, skaters are paired to execute pairs moves, free skating moves, and or step sequences.

Pivoting and Linear Elements

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Done in block, or line formations, programs can include both pivoting and linear elements though they would be done in separate shapes. Pivoting elements rotate around a common center point and must remain connected for the majority of the element while maintaining shape and even spacing. Linear elements need to progress across the ice, and can utilize changes of placement and configuration.

Synchronized Spin Element

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Characterized by all members of the team, in ether a solo or pairs spin. Positioned on the ice in any identifiable shape, with all skaters maintaining the same spin position simultaneously, and moving from one position to another as a team.

Traveling and Rotating Elements

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Done in circle, or wheel formation, rotation is necessary in both elements. Programs can include both traveling and rotating elements though they would be done in separate shapes, if a program only includes one element both wheel and circle formations can be used as a change of formation for difficulty. Traveling elements are characterized by ice coverage during the element with the circle or wheel required to continually move a certain distance along a set path while rotating. Rotating elements remain stationary. Both elements can utilize changes of position, rotation, and configuration for higher levels of difficulty.

Twizzle Element

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Highlighting the twizzle turn, the team executes two to three twizzles, this element can be done in any identifiable formation. The skaters must execute their twizzles while maintaining the chosen shape or transitioning from one configuration to another, and rotating simultaneously. For added levels of difficulty teams can attempt the aforementioned change of place or configuration, different rotational directions for each twizzle, and certain difficult arm and free leg positions.[10]

Competitions

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International

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There are international synchronized skating competitions at the Senior, Junior, and Novice levels (with Senior being the most elite). The International Skating Union held the first official World Synchronized Skating Championships (WSSC) in 2000 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. The top Junior teams from around the world competed from 2001 to 2012 at the ISU Junior World Challenge Cup (JWCC), held in a different location every year. The JWCC were accompanied in 2013 by the ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships, to be held biannually in odd-numbered years with the JWCC in even-numbered years.[11] Other long-running, major international events attracting elite teams at different levels include the French Cup, Spring Cup, Neuchâtel Trophy, Cup of Berlin, Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy, Leon Lurje Trophy and Prague Cup.

ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships

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Main article: ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships
Haydenettes 2006

The ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships (WSSC) are the world championships for synchronized skating. Held since 2000, the WSSC is an annual international event organized by the International Skating Union. The top positions have been dominated by Finland, with three different World Champions (Marigold IceUnity, Rockettes and Team Unique) and 19 medals, and Sweden with the team (Team Surprise) with most World titles and medals for a single team (12 medals). Other major countries include Canada with five gold, four silvers and six bronzes (for NEXXICE, Les Suprêmes and the now-discontinued Black Ice), as well as the United States with two silvers and five bronzes (for Miami University and Haydenettes).

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Source
2024 CroatiaZagreb, Croatia CanadaLes Suprêmes United StatesHaydenettes FinlandRockettes
2023 United StatesLake Placid, USA CanadaLes Suprêmes FinlandRockettes FinlandTeam Unique [12]
2022 Canada Hamilton, Canada CanadaLes Suprêmes FinlandMarigold IceUnity FinlandRockettes [13]
2021 Canada Hamilton, Canada Event cancelled
2020 United States Lake Placid, USA Event cancelled [14]
2019 Finland Helsinki, Finland Russia Team Paradise Finland Marigold IceUnity Finland Rockettes [15]
2018 Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Finland Marigold IceUnity Sweden Team Surprise Russia Team Paradise [16]
2017 United States Colorado Springs, USA Russia Team Paradise Finland Marigold IceUnity Canada NEXXICE [17]
2016 Hungary Budapest, Hungary Russia Team Paradise Finland Rockettes United States Haydenettes [18]
2015 Canada Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Canada NEXXICE Finland Marigold IceUnity Russia Team Paradise [19]
2014 Italy Courmayeur, Italy Finland Marigold IceUnity Canada NEXXICE Finland Rockettes [20]
2013 United States Boston, United States Finland Team Unique Canada NEXXICE United States Haydenettes [21]
2012 Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden Sweden Team Surprise Canada NEXXICE United States Haydenettes [22]
2011 Finland Helsinki, Finland Finland Rockettes Finland Marigold IceUnity United States Haydenettes [23]
2010 United States Colorado Springs, United States Finland Rockettes Finland Marigold IceUnity United States Haydenettes [24]
2009 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Canada NEXXICE Finland Team Unique Sweden Team Surprise [25]
2008 Hungary Budapest, Hungary Finland Rockettes Sweden Team Surprise Canada NEXXICE [26]
2007 Canada London, Canada Sweden Team Surprise United States Miami University Canada NEXXICE [27]
2006 Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic Finland Marigold IceUnity Sweden Team Surprise Finland Rockettes [28]
2005 Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden Sweden Team Surprise Finland Rockettes Finland Marigold IceUnity [29]
2004 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Finland Marigold IceUnity Sweden Team Surprise Finland Rockettes [30]
2003 Canada Ottawa, Canada Sweden Team Surprise Finland Marigold IceUnity Canada Les Suprêmes
2002 France Rouen, France Finland Marigold IceUnity Sweden Team Surprise Canada black ice
2001 Finland Helsinki, Finland Sweden Team Surprise Finland Rockettes Canada black ice [31]
2000 United States Minneapolis, United States Sweden Team Surprise Canada black ice Finland Marigold IceUnity [32]

ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships

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Main article: ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships
Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Source
2024 SwitzerlandNeuchatel, Switzerland CanadaLes Suprêmes FinlandTeam Fintastic United StatesSkyliners
2023 FranceAngers, France FinlandTeam Fintastic CanadaNEXXICE United StatesSkyliners
2022 AustriaInnsbruck, Austria FinlandTeam Fintastic United StatesSkyliners United StatesTeams Elite [33]
2021 FranceLyon, France Event Cancelled
2020 United Kingdom Nottingham, United Kingdom Finland Team Fintastic Russia Team Junost Russia Team Crystal Ice [34]
2019 Switzerland Neuchatel, Switzerland Russia Team Junost Russia Team Crystal Ice United States Team Skyliners [35]
2018 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Russia Team Junost United States Team Skyliners Russia Team Crystal Ice [36]
2017 Canada Mississauga, Canada Russia Team Junost Finland Team Fintastic Finland Musketeers [37]
2015 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Finland Musketeers Finland Team Fintastic Canada Les Suprêmes [38]
2013 Finland Helsinki, Finland Finland Musketeers Finland Team Fintastic Russia Spartak-Junost [39]

ISU Junior World Challenge Cup

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Main article: ISU Junior World Challenge Cup

The Junior World Challenge Cup was held bi-annually starting in 2013 alternating with the newly introduced World Junior Championships until being discontinued after the 2015-16 season.

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Source(s)
2016 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Canada Les Suprêmes Finland Team Fintastic Russia Team Junost [40]
2014 Switzerland Neuchâtel, Switzerland Finland Team Fintastic Canada Les Suprêmes Finland Musketeers [41]
2012 Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden Finland Team Fintastic Finland Musketeers Canada Les Suprêmes [42]
2011 Switzerland Neuchâtel, Switzerland Finland Team Fintastic Finland Musketeers United States Team Braemar [43]
2010 Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden Finland Team Fintastic Canada NEXXICE Finland Musketeers [43][44]
2009 Switzerland Neuchâtel, Switzerland Finland Team Fintastic Canada NEXXICE Finland Musketeers [43]
2008 France Rouen, France Finland Team Fintastic Canada Gold Ice Finland Musketeers [43]
2007 United Kingdom Nottingham, Great Britain Finland Team Fintastic Canada Les Suprêmes United States Chicago Jazz [45]
2006 Finland Helsinki, Finland Finland Musketeers Finland Team Fintastic United States Chicago Jazz [43]
2005 Switzerland Neuchâtel, Switzerland Finland Musketeers Finland Team Mystique Canada Gold Ice [43]
2004 Italy Milan, Italy Finland Musketeers Finland Team Mystique Canada Gold Ice [43]
2003 Sweden Kungsbacka, Sweden Finland Musketeers Canada Burlington Ice Image Canada Les Suprêmes [43]
2002 Croatia Zagreb, Croatia Canada Ice Image Russia Spartak-Leader Finland Musketeers [43]
2001 Switzerland Neuchâtel, Switzerland Finland Team Fintastic Canada Les Suprêmes United States Superettes [43]

Finland

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Team Unique 2013
See also: Finnish Synchronized Skating Championships

The Finnish member of ISU, the Finnish Figure Skating Association, holds the Finnish Synchronized Skating Championships at the Novice, Junior and Senior levels. Also, it holds two Finnish Championships Qualifiers before the nationals. Since the late 1990s, the senior-level battle for the qualifier wins and Finnish Championship—and the ensuing ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships (WSSC) entries—has mainly been fought between three teams from Helsinki, Marigold IceUnity, Rockettes and Team Unique, while a fourth and sometimes a fifth Senior team has competed along in the intervening years.

Finnish Senior Championships medalists

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Source
2022 Helsinki Team Unique Rockettes Marigold IceUnity [46]
2022 Tampere Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Dream Edges [46]
2021 Helsinki Rockettes Team Unique Marigold IceUnity [46]
2020 Espoo Rockettes Team Unique Marigold IceUnity [46]
2019 Turku Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Team Unique [46]
2018 Helsinki Marigold IceUnity Rockettes Team Unique [46]
2017 Espoo Team Unique Marigold IceUnity Rockettes [46]
2016 Helsinki Team Unique Marigold IceUnity Rockettes [46]
2015 Tampere Marigold IceUnity Rockettes Team Unique [46]
2014 Helsinki Marigold IceUnity Rockettes Team Unique [46]
2013 Turku Team Unique Marigold IceUnity Rockettes [47]
2012 Espoo Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Team Unique [48]
2011 Espoo Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Team Unique [49]
2010 Espoo Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Team Unique [50]
2009 Helsinki Marigold IceUnity Team Unique Rockettes [51]
2008 Helsinki Rockettes Marigold IceUnity Team Unique [52]
2007 Helsinki Marigold IceUnity Team Unique Rockettes [53]
2006 Helsinki Marigold IceUnity Rockettes Team Unique [54]

Finnish qualifications for the ISU WSSC

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Throughout the years, the Finnish senior teams qualifying for the World Championships have been selected based on their performance at the two qualifiers and the national championships. In the season 2012–13, the teams were selected as follows: the Finnish Champion qualified automatically as Team Finland 1 for the WSSC. Team Finland 2 at the WSSC was the team which earned the fewest points from the first qualifier, the second qualifier and the Finnish Championships. The points equaled the sum of the positions at the three competitions with growing coefficients: the coefficient was 0,3 for the first competition result, 0,5 for the second and 1 for the last.[55]

United States

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In the United States, there are several other recognized age and skill levels. Sanctioned by the US Figure Skating Association, the divisions include Beginner, Pre-Juvenile, Preliminary, Open Juvenile, Open Collegiate, and Open Adult (the non-qualifying divisions/ the divisions that do not go to Nationals) and Juvenile, Intermediate, Novice, Junior, Senior, Collegiate, Adult, and Masters (qualifying levels).

ISI (Ice Skating Institute) is another governing body which focuses on a more recreational form of competition and does not have the same divisions as those of the USFSA. Teams can compete in the Tot Jr. Youth, Youth Sr. Youth, Teen, Collegiate, Adult, or Master age groups, in any of five categories: Formation, Advanced Formation, Skating, Open Skating, and Dance.[56]

While most skaters participating in synchronized skating are female, the rules allow mixed-gender teams.

US Figure Skating Senior Championship

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Main article: U.S. Synchronized Skating Championships

The Senior team level consists of 16 skaters. Skaters must be at least 15 years old and have passed the Novice Moves in the Field test.

Year Location Gold Score Silver Score Bronze Score Pewter Score Source
2020 Providence, Rhode Island Haydenettes 203.19 Skyliners 194.94 Crystallettes 193.09 Miami University 192.39 [57]
2019 Plymouth, Michigan Haydenettes 226.37 Skyliners 218.14 Crystallettes 201.63 Miami University 196.95 [58]
2018 Portland, Oregon Haydenettes 204.05 Skyliners 185.86 Miami University 182.99 Crystalettes 166.89 [59]
2017 Rockford, Illinois Haydenettes 208.83 Crystallettes 189.50 Skyliners 172.96 Miami University 172.84 [60]
2016 Kalamazoo, Michigan Haydenettes 202.26 Miami University 183.86 Skyliners 169.47 Crystallettes 166.96
2015 Providence, Rhode Island Haydenettes 210.55 Miami University 194.70 Skyliners 178.99 Crystallettes 173.78
2014 Colorado Springs, Colorado Haydenettes 205.02 Crystallettes 179.77 Starlights 154.90 Miami University 149.64
2013 Plymouth, Michigan Haydenettes 206.33 Miami University 191.28 Crystallettes 176.96 Skyliners 151.56 [61]
2012 Worcester, Massachusetts Haydenettes 202.92 Crystallettes 185.54 Miami University 182.64 ICE'Kateers 145.15 [62]
2011 Ontario, California Haydenettes 217.41 Miami University 195.50 Crystallettes 179.85 California Gold [63]
2010 Minneapolis, Minnesota Haydenettes 231.14 Crystallettes 210.35 Miami University 202.68 Starlights 167.80 [64]
2009 Portland, Maine Miami University 204.72 Haydenettes 203.97 Crystallettes 184.10 California Gold [65]
2008 Providence, Rhode Island Haydenettes 213.37 Miami University 201.26 Crystallettes 184.10 California Gold [66]
2007 Colorado Springs, Colorado Haydenettes 201.04 Miami University 199.56 Crystallettes 159.65 California Gold 158.06 [67]
2006 Grand Rapids, Michigan Miami University 179.72 Haydenettes 161.28 Crystallettes 155.12 Team Elan 126.96 [68]
2005 Lowell, Massachusetts Haydenettes * Miami University * Crystallettes * Team Elan * [69]
2004 San Diego, California Haydenettes * Crystallettes * Team Elan * Miami University * [70]
2003 Huntsville, Alabama Haydenettes * Miami University * Team Elan * Crystallettes * [71]
2002 Lake Placid, New York Haydenettes * Miami University * Crystallettes * [66]
2001 Colorado Springs, Colorado Haydenettes * Miami University * Crystallettes * [66]
2000 Plymouth, Michigan Haydenettes * Team Elan * Miami University * [66]
1999 Tampa, Florida Miami University * Haydenettes * Starlets [66]
1998 San Diego, California Haydenettes Miami University Team Elan * [66]
1997 Syracuse, New York Haydenettes * Team Elan * Miami University * [66]
1996 Chicago, Illinois Haydenettes * Miami University * Team Elan * [66]
1995 San Diego, California Team Elan * Haydenettes * Miami University * [66]
1994 Providence, Rhode Island Haydenettes * Team Elan * Miami University * [66]
1993 Detroit, Michigan Haydenettes * Team Elan * Crystallettes * [66]
1992 Portland, Maine Haydenettes * Team Elan * Goldenettes * [66]
1991 Anchorage, Alaska Haydenettes * Goldenettes * Fraserettes * [66]
1990 Houston, Texas Goldenettes * Haydenettes * Fraserettes * [66]
1989 Providence, Rhode Island Haydenettes * Goldenettes * Detroit Capets * [66]
1988 Reno, Nevada Haydenettes * Fraserettes * Detroit Capets * [66]
1987 Tulsa, Oklahoma Fraserettes * Haydenettes * Figurettes * [66]
1986 Boston, Massachusetts Hot Fudge Sundaes * Haydenettes * Detroit Capets * [66]
1985 Lakewood, Ohio Fraserettes * Ice Crystallettes * Minneapplettes * [66]
1984 Bowling Green, Ohio Fraserettes * Ice Crystallettes * [72] * [66]

USFSA Collegiate Championship

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The Collegiate team level consists of teams with 12-20 Figure skaters who must be enrolled in a college or degree program as full-time students. Skaters must also have passed the Juvenile Moves in the Field test. It is a Varsity Sport at colleges such as Miami University and Adrian College. Many more have developed club-level collegiate teams without varsity status such as the team at The University of Delaware and the University of Michigan. The Miami University Synchronized Skating Team has been a trailblazer in collegiate synchronized skating, fielding the first completely funded varsity synchronized skating program in the United States, as well as working towards gaining "Synchro" NCAA status in the United States.

Year Location Gold Score Silver Score Bronze Score Pewter Score Source
2023 Peoria, IL Miami University Univ of Michigan Western Michigan
2022 Colorado Springs, CO Miami University 116.95 Adrian College 105.74 Western Michigan 104.30 Univ of Michigan 97.95
2020 Providence, RI Univ of Michigan 106.49
2019 Plymouth, MI Univ of Michigan 91.67
2018 Portland, OR Univ of Michigan 91.48
2017 Rockford, IL Univ of Michigan 88.22
2016 Kalamazoo, MI Miami University 90.12 Univ of Michigan 86.28 Metroettes 82.15
2015 Providence, RI Miami University 94.12 Univ of Michigan 85.69 Metroettes 84.25
2014 Colorado Springs, CO Miami University 96.80 Team Excel 78.77 Michigan State 78.60 Univ of Michigan
2013 Plymouth, MI Miami University 92.26 Univ of Delaware 84.11 Univ of Michigan 77.98 [61]
2012 Worcester, MA Miami University 87.80 Univ of Delaware 84.29 Univ of Michigan 80.83
2011 Ontario, CA Miami University 96.16 Michigan State 85.17 Univ of Michigan 83.96
2010 Minneapolis, MN Miami University 107.60 Univ of Michigan 98.46 Univ of Delaware 94.97
2009 Portland, ME Miami University 100.63 Univ of Illinois 86.79 Michigan State 85.79
2008 Providence, RI Miami University 107.46 Univ of Delaware 97.77 Michigan State 87.11 Univ of Michigan
2007 Colorado Springs, CO Miami University 102.61 Michigan State 92.17 Univ of Delaware 88.74
2006 Grand Rapids, MI Miami University Western Michigan Univ of Delaware
2005 Lowell, MA Miami University Western Michigan Michigan State Univ of Michigan
2004 San Diego, CA Western Michigan Miami University Univ of Delaware
2003 Huntsville, AL Miami University Western Michigan Univ of Michigan Univ of Michigan
2002 Lake Placid, NY Miami University Michigan State Western Michigan Univ of Michigan
2001 Colorado Springs, CO Miami University Western Michigan Michigan State
2000 Plymouth, MI Miami University Univ of Delaware Univ of Michigan
1999 Tampa, FL Univ of Michigan Miami University Univ of Delaware
1998 San Diego, CA Miami University Michigan State Bowling Green Univ of Michigan
1997 Syracuse, NY Miami University Bowling Green Western Michigan

Canada

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See also: Canadian Synchronized Skating Championships

The Canadian Synchronized Skating Championships were annual synchronized skating events, sanctioned by the Skate Canada, held to determine the national champions of Canada. They were first held in 1983. Since 2000, it is during these events that the senior teams can qualify for the ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships. Since 2023, the Junior and Senior level teams are competing in the combined synchronized and figure skating championships, held as a single event known as the Canadian National Skating Championships.

Present day

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Why not Synchro Petition

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Although not currently an Olympic sport,[1] it has already been reviewed for Olympic eligibility.[citation needed] In 2007 synchronized skating was selected to be part of the Universiade or World University Games as a demonstration sport. Teams from several countries competed in Turin, Italy with Sweden, Finland, and Russia coming out on top.[73]

"Why Not Synchro" is an ongoing campaign on social media through the hashtag #whynotsynchro and #whynotsynchro2018 on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. This was popularized at the Mozart Cup, held in Austria in January 2014. During the medal ceremonies, teams gathered on the ice and created the shape of the Olympic rings. This image was then shared over social media as skaters petitioned to raise awareness of the sport. A petition to the International Olympic Committee was posted on change.org calling for 15,000 signatures and asking the IOC "Synchronized Figure Skating: Make it an Olympic Event." The petition states "The time has come to add this incredible event to the pinnacle of the sport of figure skating."[73]

Effects of COVID-19

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Due to the abrupt appearance of COVID-19, the 2019–2020 season was cut short to ensure safety of all teams. Elite US teams like the Haydenettes,Skyliners and Miami university were not able to compete internationally due to travel restrictions set in place in late March and early April.[74] The US Figure Skating Association is responsible for the health and well-being of the athletes and members.[75]

Judging

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2015 Grand Prix Synchronized Skating Medal Ceremonies.

International IJS System

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The competitive levels of synchronized skating, like those in other disciplines of Figure skating, are now judged using the ISU Judging System that was introduced in 2004. Each element is assigned a difficulty level by the technical panel made up of a technical specialist, assistant technical specialist and a technical controller. Each level of difficulty for a particular element corresponds to a pre-determined base value. The base value is the number of points that are awarded for an executed element before the grade of execution or any deductions are applied.[76] Judges assign a grade of execution from -3 to +3 to each of the elements. Each grade of execution, or GOE, corresponds to a point value. For each element, the highest and lowest GOE values are dropped and the rest are averaged then added to the base value. The sum of all the scores of the elements comprises the Technical Elements score.

Program Component Score

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The judges will award points on a scale from 0.25 to 10 (in increments of 0.25) for three program components to grade overall presentation. As with Grade of Execution (GOEs), the highest and lowest scores for each component are thrown out, and the remaining scores are averaged. The final program components scores are then multiplied by a set factor to ensure the technical score and program components score are balanced.[77]

The five program components are:

  • Skating Skills - The ability of the skater to execute the skating repertoire of steps, turns and skating movements with blade and body control.
  • Performance - The demonstration of engagement, commitment and involvement based on an understanding of the music and composition.
  • Composition - The intentional, developed and/or original arrangement of the repertoire and all types of movements into a meaningful whole according to the principles of proportion, unity, space, pattern, and musical structure.

Technical Score

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Each element of the program is assigned a base value, which gives skaters credit for every element they perform. Some elements, such as spins and step sequences, have levels of difficulty on which the base values are established. Judges grade the quality of each element using a grade of execution score within a range of −5 to +5, which is added to or deducted from the base value. GOEs are proportional to the base value of each element. The highest and lowest scores for each element are thrown out, and the remaining scores are averaged to determine the final GOE for each element. The GOE is then added to or subtracted from the base value for each element, and the sum of the scores for all elements forms the technical score.[77]

Segment Score

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The technical score is added to the program components score to determine the segment score (short program/rhythm dance or free skate/dance). The scores for each segment are then added together to determine the competition score. The skater with the highest competition score is declared the winner. In the event of a tie, the team with the highest free program score wins the competition. The IJS is used at events in the national qualifying structure including the U.S. Championships as well as many local competitions at the juvenile through senior levels, including Excel.[77]

6.0 System

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In the United States, the introductory levels of Aspire Beginner, Aspire Pre-Preliminary, Aspire Preliminary, Open Junior, Open Collegiate, Open Adult, and Open Masters are still judged under the 6.0 judging system. These levels can compete at the regional level but cannot qualify for the national championships. The basic principle of the 6.0 system is a "majority" system. Each event is judged by an odd number of judges, and the winner of the event is the team placed highest by a majority of these judges.[77]

Differences in Judging Systems

[edit]

The IJS is based on cumulative points rather than the 6.0 standard of marks and placement. The IJS focuses on the skaters and not the judges. Judges do not have to use their memory to compare all aspects of every skater and figure out where to place them, but simply evaluate the qualities of each performance.[77]

Highest scores at ISU competitions

[edit]

Short program

[edit]
Rank Team Score Event Source
1 Sweden Team Surprise 87.84 2004 Neuchâtel Trophy [78]
2 Finland Rockettes 83.46 2010 Cup of Berlin [79]
3 Finland Team Unique 82.36 2009 Worlds [80]
4 Canada NEXXICE 80.12 2009 Worlds [80]
5 Finland Marigold IceUnity 78.68 2009 Worlds [80]

Free skating

[edit]
Rank Team Score Event Source
1 Sweden Team Surprise 159.60 2004 Neuchâtel Trophy [81]
2 Finland Marigold IceUnity 147.31 2014 Worlds [82]
3 Canada NEXXICE 146.03 2014 Worlds [82]
4 Russia Paradise 145.84 2014 Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy [83]
5 Finland Rockettes 145.68 2014 Worlds [82]

Combined total

[edit]
Rank Team Score Event Source
1 Sweden Team Surprise 247.44 2004 Neuchâtel Trophy [84]
2 Finland Rockettes 223.90 2010 Worlds [85]
3 Canada NEXXICE 223.58 2009 Worlds [86]
4 Finland Marigold IceUnity 223.45 2014 Worlds [87]
5 Russia Paradise 220.54 2014 Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy [88]

References

[edit]
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[edit]
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