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List of tornado outbreaks by outbreak intensity score

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In late 2023, American meteorologist and tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis created the Outbreak Intensity Score (OIS) as a way to rank tornado outbreaks.[1][2] For the score, only significant tornadoes are counted: F2/EF2 tornadoes receive 2 points each, F3/EF3 tornadoes receive 5 points each, F4/EF4 tornadoes receive 10 points each, and F5/EF5 tornadoes receive 15 points each.[1] The number of total points determine the rating for the outbreak, which is broken up into seven categories.[1]

Type of outbreak Weak Minor Significant Major Devastating Historic Super
Number of
points 		2–6 7–10 11–29 30–79 80–119 120–249 250+

List

[edit]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Super Outbreaks

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"Super Outbreak" redirects here. Not to be confused with 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak.

There have been three tornado outbreaks which scored more than 250 points on the OIS, reaching the status of "Super Outbreak".[1]

Super Outbreaks[1]
Outbreak OIS score # of (E)F2s # of (E)F3s # of (E)F4s # of (E)F5s Total tornadoes Deaths Injuries References
1974 Super Outbreak 578 34 35 23 7 148 319 5,454 [1][3][4][5][6][7]
2011 Super Outbreak 378 49 22 11 4 367 324 2,892 [1][8][9][10]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917 296 28 17 14 1 66+ 383+ 746+

Historic Outbreaks

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There have been 43 tornado outbreaks which scored at least 120 points, but less than 249 on the OIS, reaching the status of "Historic Outbreak".[1]

Historic outbreaks[1]
Outbreak OIS score # of (E)F2s # of (E)F3s # of (E)F4s # of (E)F5s Total tornadoes Deaths Injuries References
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak 238 14 6 18 0 55 266 3,662 [1][11]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 232 36 20 6 0 363 42 652 [1][12][13]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14–31, 1962 209 47 15 4 0 188 3 168
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896 199 17 12 6 3 38+ 501+ 1,914+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 6–27, 1995 188 39 14 4 0 279 13 500+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 21–23, 1992 187 26 15 6 0 95 26 641 [1][6][14][15]
Tornado outbreak of June 14–18, 1992 186 33 15 3 1 170 1 110 [1][16][17]
Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1956 185 25 8 8 1 55 39 790
1932 Deep South tornado outbreak 182 16 10 10 0 38 330 2,141 [18][19]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1982 174 42 16 1 0 329 14 18+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 22–31, 1973 172 41 10 4 0 145 24 820 [1][13][20]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 172 31 18 2 0 402 8 288 [1][21][22]
Tornado outbreak of May 1927 169 17 8 8 1 34+ 217+ 1,156+
Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952 169 7 11 10 0 30 204 1,155 [1][23]
Early May 1965 tornado outbreak 169 22 6 8 1 72 17 770
1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak 169 7 12 8 1 44 90 875 [1][24][25]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011 162 31 8 3 2 239 178 1,630 [1][26]
Tornado outbreak of April 20–22, 1912 159 12 9 9 0 32+ 56+ 410+
May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence 157 26 10 4 1 71 33 302 [1][27]
Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942 156 8 13 6 1 30+ 149 1,312+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 25 – May 3, 1954 154 37 10 3 0 100 4 167
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 18–27, 1948 153 19 11 6 0 36 80 896
1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak 150 15 8 8 0 37+ 153+ 1,215+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1983 146 33 16 0 0 157 6 2+ [1]
1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak 145 20 10 4 1 152 50 895 [1][28][13]
Tornado outbreak of April 29 – May 1, 1909 140 30 8 4 0 43+ 181+ 770+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 18–27, 1957 140 30 8 4 0 117 2 33
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–8, 1964 140 35 7 2 1 73 15 383
Enigma tornado outbreak 135 25 9 4 0 51+ 180+ 1,056+ [29]
2020 Easter tornado outbreak 133 19 13 3 0 141 32 257 [1][30][31][32]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–29, 1912 130 10 6 8 0 26 47+ 175+
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023 129 32 11 1 0 147 26 218+ [1][33]
Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011 129 32 13 0 0 178 38 588 [1]
June 1990 Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak 129 17 5 7 0 66 9 253 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1982 128 14 11 3 1 63 30 433 [1][34]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–21, 1973 127 26 9 3 0 68 2 106 [1]
Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence 126 13 7 5 1 50 251 2,619
March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak 126 13 10 2 2 64 2 89 [1][35]
1991 Andover tornado outbreak 126 18 7 4 1 55 21 313 [1]
1908 Dixie tornado outbreak 124 22 3 5 1 31+ 324+ 1,720+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961 123 29 9 2 0 73 23 126
Tornado outbreak sequence of December 18–20, 1957 122 16 9 3 1 37 19 291
May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence 120 20 7 3 1 57 59 341

Devastating Outbreaks

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There have been several tornado outbreaks which scored at least 80 points, but less than 120 on the OIS, reaching the status of "Devastating Outbreak".[1]

Devastating Outbreaks[1]
Outbreak OIS score # of (E)F2s # of (E)F3s # of (E)F4s # of (E)F5s Total tornadoes Deaths Injuries References
Tornado outbreak of June 5–6, 1916 115 20 13 1 0 35+ 112+ 741
Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890 114 12 6 6 0 24+ 187+ 846+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024 112 21 12 1 0 247 21 243
1984 Carolinas tornado outbreak 109 7 5 7 0 24 57 1,249 [1]
2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak 107 16 5 5 0 87 57 425 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2004 106 23 8 2 0 389 7 123 [1][36]
Tornado outbreak of May 1968 105 10 7 2 2 46 72 1,203
Tornado outbreak of March 20–21, 1976 104 17 8 3 0 66 3 189 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933 102 16 8 3 0 33+ 128 644+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 2–5, 1957 102 26 6 2 0 73 21 341
March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak 101 3 5 7 0 19+ 96+ 377+
April 1924 tornado outbreak 101 13 11 2 0 28+ 114 1,166+
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967 101 21 4 4 0 38 13 90
Tornado outbreak of November 17, 2013 101 23 7 2 0 77 8 190+ [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 100 10 2 7 0 19+ 241+ 800+
Tornado outbreak of April 15–16, 1998 100 10 7 3 1 63 12 120 [1]
1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak 99 17 3 5 0 45 58 1,418
Tornado outbreak of May 22–27, 2008 98 14 9 1 1 173 13 215 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 1880 97 16 3 5 0 25+ 166+ 516+
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 9–13, 2006 97 16 11 1 0 99 10 183 [1][37]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014 97 16 9 2 0 82 35 447 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 8–12, 1959 95 20 7 2 0 60 7 34
Tornado outbreak of April 12, 1945 94 7 5 4 1 17 128 1,001 [3][38][39]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1971 94 22 8 1 0 76 6 242 [3]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 21–26, 1969 93 14 7 3 0 63 7 65+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996 93 19 11 0 0 118 6 200+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012 93 14 9 2 0 70 41 300+ [1]
1953 Waco tornado outbreak 91 8 4 4 1 33 144 895
Tornado outbreak of June 7–8, 1984 91 23 4 1 1 46 13 322 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 7–11, 2008 91 23 5 2 0 120 25 419 [1]
1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak 90 25 4 2 0 61 58 1,927 [1]
2002 Veterans Day weekend tornado outbreak 90 20 8 1 0 76 36 303 [1]
Tornado outbreak of June 16–18, 2014 89 12 3 5 0 76 2 28 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 9–14, 1967 87 26 3 2 0 103 5 15+
Tornado outbreak of April 25–28, 2024 87 16 7 2 0 162 6 156+ [40]
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 26–31, 1961 86 18 10 0 0 47 3 80
1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak 84 2 7 3 1 14+ 454+ 2,498+
Tornado outbreak of November 23–24, 2001 83 19 3 3 0 69 13 219 [1]
April 1920 tornado outbreak 82 6 2 6 0 17+ 243+ 1,374+
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021 82 16 6 2 0 71 89 676 [1][41]
1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak 81 13 3 1 2 48 102 554
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 81 18 2 2 1 57 18 543
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 10–16, 1970 81 18 7 1 0 82 3 73 [3]
Tornado outbreak of June 8, 1974 81 8 9 2 0 36 22 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999 81 13 9 1 0 128 9 162 [1][42]
1886 St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak 80 10 4 4 0 18+ 87+ 324+
1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak 80 15 6 2 0 30 7 268
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 17–19, 1970 80 10 2 5 0 33 26 68 [3]

Major Outbreaks

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There have been several tornado outbreaks which scored at least 30 points, but 79 or less on the OIS, reaching the status of "Major Outbreak".[1]

Major outbreaks[1]
Outbreak OIS score # of (E)F2s # of (E)F3s # of (E)F4s # of (E)F5s Total tornadoes Deaths Injuries References
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 28 – May 2, 1953 79 7 3 5 0 24 36 361
Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2009 79 12 9 1 0 85 5 112 [1]
June 2010 Northern Plains tornado outbreak 78 9 4 4 0 93 3 43 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1963 77 16 7 1 0 37 13 72
Tornado outbreak of April 18–21, 1974 76 18 6 1 0 36 2 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of June 1881 74 2 4 5 0 11+ 20+ 141+
Tornado outbreak of March 28–31, 1976 73 14 5 2 0 35 10 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 1, 1949 71 8 9 1 0 24+ 10 103
March 1997 tornado outbreak 71 8 5 3 0 39 27 464 [1][43][44]
Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007 70 15 5 0 1 132 14 89 [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 23–24, 1946 69 7 5 3 0 17+ 4 42
1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak 68 9 4 3 0 29 6 413 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 22–26, 2016 68 9 8 1 0 98 0 11+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 20–21, 1949 67 6 3 4 0 46+ 56 0+
Tornado outbreak of May 6–8, 1973 66 23 1 0 1 47 2 41 [3]
Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho 66 13 6 1 0 60 7 233+
Tornado outbreak of April 8–9, 1999 66 8 4 3 0 54 6 100 [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010 66 13 4 2 0 91 3 127 [1]
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak 66 33 0 0 0 120 5 3 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 9, 1919 65 5 3 4 0 12 92+ 412
Tornado outbreak sequence of November 13–17, 1958 65 20 5 0 0 43 0 37
Tornado outbreak of June 7–9, 1993 65 10 5 2 0 107 1 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 21–22, 1971 64 7 3 2 1 19+ 123 1,592 [3]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–28, 2002 64 12 6 1 0 48 6 256 [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 11–13, 1950 63 14 5 1 0 24 41+ 228
1975 Omaha tornado outbreak 63 14 3 2 0 36 3 137+ [1]
1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak 63 4 7 2 0 29 40 491 [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 28 – March 2, 2007 63 9 3 3 0 57 20 98 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 3–11, 2008 63 14 5 1 0 192 7 84 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 12–15, 1953 62 11 6 1 0 23 21 72
Tornado outbreak of April 23–27, 1970 62 11 6 1 0 34 3 26+ [3]
Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 1982 62 16 4 1 0 44 1 11+ [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 30 – June 3, 1954 61 18 3 1 0 39 9 65
Tornado outbreak of April 8, 1957 61 8 5 2 0 18 7 203
Tornado outbreak of December 17–21, 1967 61 13 5 1 0 30 6 110
Tornado outbreak of April 21–24, 1968 61 8 2 2 1 26 14 525
Tornado outbreak sequence of December 1–6, 1953 60 10 3 1 1 19 49 404
Tornado outbreak of April 2–4, 1968 60 15 2 2 0 31 12 0+
Tornado outbreak of April 19–22, 1972 60 10 6 1 0 28 8 42 [3]
Tri-State tornado outbreak 59 2 4 2 1 12+ 751 2,298
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 23–30, 1961 59 12 5 1 0 30 3 38
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 17–23, 1964 59 12 5 1 0 52 0 37
Tornado outbreak of March 25–26, 1949 58 9 4 2 0 15+ 25+ 180+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 26–30, 1971 58 9 4 2 0 30 10 187 [3]
Tornado outbreak of April 22–25, 2010 58 9 4 2 0 88 10 184 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 5–8, 1954 57 11 5 1 0 25 1 22
Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak 57 6 7 1 0 21 14 337
Tornado outbreak of March 13–17, 1982 57 11 7 0 0 23 4 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 26, 1976 56 3 3 2 1 17 4 89 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 12–18, 1960 55 10 7 0 0 37 4 60
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1947 54 7 4 2 0 13+ 24+ 0+
Tornado outbreak sequence of July 1–10, 1955 54 7 2 3 0 28 4 48
Tornado outbreak sequence of January 7–11, 2008 54 7 8 0 0 73 4 62 [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013 54 12 6 0 0 134 9 172 [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 7–8, 1957 53 9 5 1 0 28 12 213
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 4–8, 1961 53 14 5 0 0 44 2 152
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 29 – May 2, 1972 53 4 7 1 0 21 0 12 [3]
Tornado outbreak of November 16–19, 1957 52 11 2 2 0 32 10 84
1967 Hurricane Beulah tornado outbreak 52 6 8 0 0 120 5 41
2009 South American tornado outbreak 52 6 4 2 0 28 15 1+ [45][46][47][48]
Tornado outbreak of January 4–6, 1946 51 3 3 3 0 10+ 47 412+
Tornado outbreak of October 14–15, 1966 51 13 2 0 1 23 6 225
Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024 51 13 3 1 0 162 3 87-91+ [49]
Tornado outbreak of January 29–30, 1947 50 10 4 1 0 15+ 13+ 24+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 12–17, 1957 50 10 4 1 0 50 23 105
Tornado outbreak of May 18–21, 2013 50 5 1 2 1 78 26 229 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 24–28, 2021 50 10 4 1 0 43 7 37+ [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of September 26–29, 1959 49 12 1 2 0 36 2 47
2012 Leap Day tornado outbreak 49 17 1 1 0 42 15 193 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 17–20, 1960 48 9 2 2 0 63 1 108
2003 South Dakota tornado outbreak 48 9 2 2 0 125 2 19 [1]
Tornado outbreak of January 3, 1949 47 6 5 1 0 14+ 60+ 504
Tornado outbreak of March 24–25, 1954 47 16 1 1 0 28 2 11
1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak 47 1 3 3 0 7+ 154+ 1,044
Tornado outbreak of March 10–12, 1963 47 11 1 2 0 18 6 38
Tornado outbreak of April 12–14, 1964 47 6 3 2 0 23 7 75
1967 European tornado outbreak 47 1 4 1 1 8+ 17 80+
Tornado outbreak of December 1–3, 1982 47 6 7 0 0 38 2 0+ [1]
2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak 47 16 3 0 0 46 3 53 [1]
Tornado outbreak of June 5–6, 2010 47 11 3 1 0 53 8 68 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 15–20, 1946 46 3 2 3 0 8+ 8+ 53+
Tornado outbreak of June 3–4, 1958 46 3 1 2 1 13 28 175
1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak 46 3 3 1 1 20 28 30 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 2, 2006 46 8 6 0 0 66 27 348 [1][50]
Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2011 46 8 4 1 0 49 0 21 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 5–10, 2015 46 8 6 0 0 127 5 67 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 16–18, 1965 45 5 5 1 0 24 2 129
Tornado outbreak of June 13, 1976 45 5 2 1 1 16 2 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 1977 45 10 2 0 1 22 24 158 [1]
May 1989 tornado outbreak 45 5 1 3 0 16 7 168 [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 22–24, 2004 45 15 3 0 0 104 4 39 [1][51][52][53]
Tornado outbreak of October 17–19, 2007 45 15 3 0 0 63 5 28 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 28–31, 2007 45 10 5 0 0 81 5 26 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–24, 2011 45 15 1 1 0 134 0 14 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022 45 10 3 1 0 89 1 17+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022 45 20 1 0 0 77 3 64 [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 21–24, 1955 44 12 2 1 0 27 6 29
Tornado outbreak of December 14–15, 1971 44 17 2 0 0 40 2 119 [3]
Tornado outbreak of April 25–27, 1982 44 7 6 0 0 13+ 0 0+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 4–5, 2022 44 7 2 2 0 31 2 34+ [1]
1929 Rye Cove tornado outbreak 43 9 5 0 0 17 42+ 323+
Great Storm of 1975 43 14 1 1 0 45 12 377 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 23, 2000 43 14 3 0 0 33 0 12 [1]
Tornado outbreak of June 18–22, 2011 43 9 5 0 0 78 0 4 [1]
Tornado outbreak of December 16–17, 2019 43 9 5 0 0 41 3 14+ [1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 2–8, 1964 42 11 1 0 1 33 7 119
Tornado outbreak of November 25–27, 1965 42 6 6 0 0 18 1 26
Tornado outbreak of February 22–24, 1975 42 11 2 1 0 23 3 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 22–23, 1981 42 11 2 1 0 43 0 12 [1]
Tornado outbreak of May 7–10, 2016 42 6 4 1 0 57 2 19 [1]
1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornado outbreak 41 8 0 1 1 12+ 185+ 990+
Tornado outbreak of May 24–25, 1957 41 8 3 1 0 45 4 10
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1960 41 8 5 0 0 19 3 79
Tornado outbreak of April 19, 1976 41 8 2 0 1 16 0 11 [1]
Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak 41 18 1 0 0 120 7 24+ [1][54]
Tornado outbreak of April 13–16, 2012 41 3 5 1 0 113 6 101 [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 28 – March 1, 2017 41 8 3 1 0 71 4 38 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 21–23, 2022 41 13 3 0 0 85 3 68 [1]
1936 Cordele–Greensboro tornado outbreak 40 5 0 3 0 13+ 49+ 149+
Tornado outbreak of April 18, 1969 40 5 4 1 0 15 2 0+
Tornado outbreak of April 25–27, 1994 40 10 0 2 0 101 6 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 13–15, 2019 40 15 2 0 0 75 3 65 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 12–13, 1961 39 12 3 0 0 25 2 84
Tornado outbreak of September 24–25, 1973 39 2 5 1 0 8 3 66 [3]
Tornado outbreak of April 6–9, 1998 39 7 2 0 1 62 41 250+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 15, 2005 39 7 3 1 0 49 1 108 [1]
Tornado outbreak of November 27–28, 2005 39 12 3 0 0 73 2 15 [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 2010 39 12 3 0 0 60 5 31 [1]
Tornado outbreak of June 4–5, 1955 38 4 2 2 0 46 0 0
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 12–14, 1956 38 9 0 2 0 19 4 162
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 2, 1959 38 4 4 1 0 17 7 83
Tornado outbreak of July 1–3, 1997 38 9 4 0 0 52 2 100 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 6–8, 1956 37 11 1 1 0 17 1 42
Tornado outbreak of February 13, 1952 37 6 3 1 0 15 5 102
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1–6, 1958 37 6 5 0 0 32 3 40
Tornado outbreak of May 10, 1985 37 1 3 2 0 10 0+ 0+
Tornado outbreak of May 30 – June 1, 1999 37 6 5 0 0 59 3 1+ [1]
Tornado outbreak of April 10–11, 2001 37 16 1 0 0 79 4 18 [1]
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017 37 11 3 0 0 81 20 204 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 24–27, 2023 37 6 3 1 0 35 23 236 [1][55][56]
1944 South Dakota–Minnesota tornado outbreak 36 3 1 1 1 6+ 13+ 560+
Tornado outbreak of February 12, 1945 36 3 4 1 0 8 45 427 [3][57]
Tornado outbreak of October 29–30, 1956 36 3 4 1 0 16 0 7
Tornado outbreak of August 6, 1969 36 8 2 1 0 14 15+ 109
March 1917 tornado outbreak 35 5 3 1 0 9+ 47+ 300+
Tornado outbreak of November 15–16, 1955 35 5 5 0 0 18 1 35
Tornado outbreak of April 1–2, 1974 35 10 3 0 0 23 4 72 [1]
1985 Hurricane Danny tornado outbreak 35 10 3 0 0 46 1 7+
Tornado outbreak of May 1–3, 2008 35 10 3 0 0 60 6 45 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 9–11, 1973 34 7 2 1 0 16 7 132 [3]
Tornado outbreak of March 10–12, 1986 34 12 2 0 0 41 6 122
Tornado outbreak of June 2, 1998 34 7 2 1 0 33 22 77 [1]
2008 Poland tornado outbreak 34 2 4 1 0 12 2 55+
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 14–19, 2023 34 12 2 0 0 93 4 120
Tornado outbreak of May 17, 1949 33 4 3 1 0 8+ 1+ 0+
Tornado outbreak sequence of January 21–22, 1957 33 9 1 1 0 16 13 31
Tornado outbreak sequence of August 24–31, 1964 33 9 1 1 0 26 2 12
Tornado outbreak of February 11, 1965 33 9 3 0 0 15 0 28
Tornado outbreak of December 16, 2000 33 9 1 1 0 24 12 186 [1]
2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak 33 4 5 0 0 37 9 32 [1]
Tornado outbreak of March 29–31, 2022 33 9 3 0 0 90 2 17 [1]
Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911 32 6 2 1 0 13+ 16 101+
Tornado outbreak of May 11, 1947 32 1 4 1 0 6 1 22
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 27 – June 2, 1958 32 11 2 0 0 23 0 3
Tornado outbreak of April 14–15, 1965 32 6 4 0 0 16 1 58
Tornado outbreak sequence of September 20–23, 1965 32 6 4 0 0 26 0 4
Tornado outbreak of April 12–13, 1967 32 16 0 0 0 30 0 9
Tornado outbreak of January 12, 2023 32 11 2 0 0 44 8 53
1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak 31 3 1 2 0 6+ 24 123+
Tornado outbreak of September 29, 1927 31 8 3 0 0 15 82+ 620+
St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959 31 3 3 1 0 17 21 358
Tornado outbreak of June 22–24, 1960 31 8 3 0 0 18 0 10
Tornado outbreak of March 4, 1964 31 3 3 1 0 8 4 44
1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak 31 3 1 2 0 11 403 804 [58]
November 1989 tornado outbreak 31 8 1 1 0 40 30 523 [1]
Tornado outbreak of September 21–23, 2006 31 8 1 1 0 48 0 14+ [1][59][60]
October 2013 North American storm complex 31 3 1 2 0 22 3 17+ [1]
Tornado outbreak and floods of April 28 – May 1, 2017 31 8 1 1 0 75 5 70 [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 24–25, 1956 30 10 0 1 0 23 6 47
Tornado outbreak of February 26–27, 1958 30 5 4 0 0 16 13 92
Tornado outbreak of March 26–27, 1950 30 10 2 0 0 16 1 52
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 20–23, 1957 30 5 1 0 1 23 11 105
Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 1959 30 15 0 0 0 50 0 2
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 1967 30 10 2 0 0 22 2 103
Tornado outbreak of March 12, 1971 30 0 4 1 0 10 1 5 [3]
1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak 30 5 2 1 0 11 5 277 [1]
May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho 30 10 2 0 0 39 4 5+ [1]
Late-May 2010 tornado outbreak 30 10 0 1 0 80 0 0 [1]
Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 2015 30 5 2 1 0 38 13 77 [1]
Tornado outbreak of February 23–24, 2016 30 5 4 0 0 61 7 136 [1]
August 2017 Chinese tornado family 30 0 0 3 0 3 5 58+ [61]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 20–26, 2023 30 10 2 0 0 114 5 126

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh Grazulis, Thomas P. (2023). Significant Tornadoes 1974–2022. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project. ISBN 978-1-879362-01-7.
  2. ^ Grazulis, Thomas (August 29, 2023). "The Outbreaks Section". Tornado Project. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  4. ^ National Weather Service. "The Super Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974" (Historiography). Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  5. ^ Locatelli, John D.; Stoelinga, Mark T.; Hobbs, Peter V. (June 2002). "A New Look at the Super Outbreak of Tornadoes on 3–4 April 1974". Monthly Weather Review. 130 (6). University of Washington via the American Meteorological Society: 1633–1651. Bibcode:2002MWRv..130.1633L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1633:ANLATS>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  6. ^ a b Schneider, Russell S.; Schaefer, Joseph T.; Brooks, Harold E. (2004). "Tornado outbreak days: An updated and expanded climatology (1875-2003)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publications. 1 (1). The Storm Prediction Center and the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  7. ^ Additional references for the 1974 Super Outbreak:
  8. ^ National Centers for Environmental Information (April 25, 2017). "On This Day: 2011 Tornado Super Outbreak". Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  9. ^ Knox, John A.; Rackley, Jared A.; Black, Alan W.; Gensini, Vittorio A.; Butler, Michael; Dunn, Corey; Gallo, Taylor; Hunter, Melyssa R.; Lindsey, Lauren; Phan, Minh; Scroggs, Robert; Brustad, Synne (September 2013). "Tornado Debris Characteristics And Trajectories During The 27 April 2011 Super Outbreak As Determined Using Social Media Data". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 94 (9). American Meteorological Society: 1371–1380. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94.1371K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00036.1. ISSN 1520-0477.
  10. ^ Additional references for the 2011 Super Outbreak:
  11. ^ Fujita, Tetsuya T.; Bradbury, Dorothy L.; Thullenar, C. F. Van (January 1970). "Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965". Monthly Weather Review. 98 (1). United States Department of Commerce: 29–69. Bibcode:1970MWRv...98...29F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0029:PSTOA>2.3.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  12. ^ Hamill, Thomas M.; Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Forbes, Gregory S.; Bluestein, Howard B.; Steinberg, Michael; Meléndez, Daniel; Dole, Randall M. (April 2005). "The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (4). American Meteorological Society: 531–542. Bibcode:2005BAMS...86..531H. doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c Belles, Jonathan; Wiltgen, Nick (April 28, 2018). "5 May Tornado Outbreaks That Had The Biggest Impacts" (News article). Atlanta, United States: The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  14. ^ National Weather Service. "NWS Jackson, MS--November 21-22, 1992 Tornado Outbreak". Jackson, Mississippi: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  15. ^ Tungesvick, Kevin; Pytlak, Erik (December 1993). "A case study of the 22 November 1992 Ohio Valley tornado outbreak". Eastern Region Technical Attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)). 93 (12B). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  16. ^ Frosig, Greg (1994). "16 June 1992 Chandler Tornado and Subsequent Derecho Development". St. Cloud State University Publications.
  17. ^ National Weather Service. "Chandler-Lake Wilson Minnesota F5 Tornado of June 16, 1992". Sioux Falls, South Dakota: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  18. ^ "Super Outbreak - March 21, 1932". 1932 Super Outbreak. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
  19. ^ "Southeast U.S. Severe Thunderstorm Climatology and 1932 Tornado Outbreak - ProQuest". The University of Memphis ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. December 2019. ProQuest 2377258693. Retrieved March 29, 2024 – via ProQuest.
  20. ^ Ostby, Frederick P.; Pearson, Allen D. (February 1974). "The Tornado Season of 1973". Weatherwise. 27 (1). National Severe Storms Forecast Center via Taylor & Francis: 4–9. Bibcode:1974Weawi..27a...4O. doi:10.1080/00431672.1974.9931674. ISSN 0043-1672. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  21. ^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak - May 27-28, 2019". Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  22. ^ Gensini, Vittorio A.; Gold, David; Allen, John T.; Barrett, Bradford S. (August 28, 2019). "Extended U.S. Tornado Outbreak During Late May 2019: A Forecast of Opportunity". Geophysical Research Letters. 46 (16). Northern Illinois University, International Business Machines Corporation, Central Michigan University, and the United States Naval Academy via the American Geophysical Union: 10150–10158. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..4610150G. doi:10.1029/2019GL084470.
  23. ^ Carr, J. A. (March 1952). "A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE TORNADOES OF MARCH 21–22, 1952". Monthly Weather Review. 80 (3). WBAN AnalysIs Center & United States Weather Bureau: 50–58. Bibcode:1952MWRv...80...50C. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1952)080<0050:APROTT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  24. ^ National Weather Service (2020). "May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak: 35th Anniversary" (Historiography). State College, Pennsylvania: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  25. ^ National Weather Service. "The Tornado Outbreak of May 31, 1985". Cleveland, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  26. ^ Simmons, Kevin M.; Sutter, Daniel (2012). Deadly season: analysis of the 2011 tornado outbreaks. Boston, Mass: American Meteorological Society. ISBN 978-1-878220-25-7.
  27. ^ Beebe, Robert (February 1, 1961). "Tornadoes During 1960". Weatherwise. 14 (1). Midwest Weather Service via Taylor & Francis: 16–29. Bibcode:1961Weawi..14a..16B. doi:10.1080/00431672.1961.9933184. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  28. ^ Quoetone, Elizabeth M.; Andra, David L.; Bunting, William F.; Jones, Debra G. (October 2001). "Impacts of Technology and Situation Awareness on Decision Making: Operational Observations from National Weather Service Warning Forecasters During the Historic May 3 1999 Tornado Outbreak". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 45 (4). Warning Decision Training Division, National Weather Service, and SA Technologies, Inc via Sage Publishing: 419–424. doi:10.1177/154193120104500433. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  29. ^ National Weather Service. "Enigma Tornado Outbreak of February 19, 1884". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  30. ^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak of April 12, 2020". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  31. ^ South Carolina State Climatology Office (April 20, 2020). "South Carolina Tornado Outbreak 4/13/2020" (PDF). Columbia, South Carolina: Government of South Carolina. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  32. ^ Hill, Nick (April 11, 2022). "Remembering the 2020 Easter Tornado Outbreak". WDEF. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  33. ^ National Centers for Environmental Information (July 2023). "U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (1980-2023)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  34. ^ Fujita, Ted, ed. (April 1982). "Red River Region of the April 2, 1982 Tornado Outbreak". Outstanding Storms of the Month. Storm Data. 24 (4). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center.
  35. ^ Jonathan M. Davies; C. A. Doswell; D. W. Burgess; J. F. Weaver (1994). "Some Noteworthy Aspects of the Hesston, Kansas, Tornado Family of 13 March 1990". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 75 (6): 1007–1017. Bibcode:1994BAMS...75.1007D. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1007:SNAOTH>2.0.CO;2.
  36. ^ "The May 22nd, 2004 Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service Hastings, Nebraska. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept of Commerce. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  37. ^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak March 12, 2006" (Historiography). Pleasant Hill, Missouri: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  38. ^ "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882-Present)". National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  39. ^ National Weather Service office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (April 26, 2021). "The April 12, 1945 Tornado Outbreak". ArcGIS. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  40. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (May 2, 2024). "OIS lists two MAJOR outbreaks in April" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). Danville, Vermont: @sigtor2019. Retrieved May 2, 2024. 4/26/2024 (NE and IA) had score of 54 (with 12 EF2 and 6 EF3). The next day, 4/27/2024 (mostly OK), had a score of 33 (with 4 EF2, 3 EF3, and 1 EF4.
  41. ^ National Weather Service (2022). "The Violent Tornado Outbreak of December 10-11, 2021". Paducah, Kentucky: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  42. ^ National Weather Service. "NWS Little Rock, AR - The Tornado Outbreak of January 21-22, 1999". Little Rock, Arkansas: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  43. ^ "March 1, 1997, Arkansas tornado outbreak" (PDF). National Weather Service. Silver Spring, Maryland: United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  44. ^ National Weather Service. "NWS Little Rock, AR - Tornado Outbreak (March 1, 1997)". Little Rock, Arkansas: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  45. ^ "Noticias de Córdoba hoy | Noticias Córdoba".[dead link]
  46. ^ "Una pesadilla que se vive en el recuerdo: El tornado que azotó San Pedro y que cambió la historia de la tierra colorada y la tiñó de sangre - MisionesOnline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  47. ^ "Cristina en Misiones".
  48. ^ "At least 7 people killed in Brazil storms - CNN.com". CNN. September 9, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
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  51. ^ National Weather Service. "NOVEMBER 23 2004 TORNADO OUTBREAK". Lake Charles, Louisiana: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  52. ^ National Weather Service. "Severe Weather Outbreak - November 23-24, 2004". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
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  54. ^ Andrew I. Watson; Michael A. Jamski; T.J. Turnage; Joshua R. Bowen; Jason C. Kelley (2005). "The Tornado Outbreak across the North Florida Panhandle in association with Hurricane Ivan" (PDF). National Weather Service office in Tallahassee, Florida. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  55. ^ National Weather Service (2023). "The Intense Mississippi Tornadoes of March 24, 2023" (ArcGIS StoryMap). ArcGIS StoryMaps. Jackson, Mississippi & Memphis, Tennessee: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
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  61. ^ "佛山顺德气象局".
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