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Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay

Coordinates: 40°35′32″N 122°22′39″W / 40.59222°N 122.37750°W / 40.59222; -122.37750
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Sundial Bridge
Coordinates40°35′32″N 122°22′39″W / 40.59222°N 122.37750°W / 40.59222; -122.37750
CarriesBicycles and pedestrians
CrossesSacramento River
LocaleRedding, California
Official nameSundial Bridge
Characteristics
DesignCantilever spar cable-stayed bridge
Total length700 feet (210 m)
Width23 feet (7.0 m)
Clearance below26 feet (7.9 m)
History
DesignerSantiago Calatrava
OpenedJuly 4, 2004
Location
Map

The Sundial Bridge (also known as the Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay) is a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge for bicycles and pedestrians that spans the Sacramento River in Redding, California, United States and forms a large sundial. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and completed in 2004 at a cost of US$23.5 million. The bridge has become iconic for Redding.[1][2]

Description

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The Sundial Bridge provides pedestrian access to the north and south areas of Turtle Bay Exploration Park, a complex containing environmental, art and history museums and the McConnell Arboretum and Gardens. It also forms the gateway to the Sacramento River Trail,[3] a 35-mile-long (56 km) trail completed in 2010 that extends along both sides of the river and connects the bridge to the Shasta Dam.[4] Drift boats of fishermen are often seen passing beneath the bridge as they fish for salmon, steelhead and rainbow trout.[5] In the distance, Mount Shasta is barely visible. Shasta Bally is visible to the West looking upstream the Sacramento.

Support tower of Sundial Bridge

Sundial

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One of the markers on the dial of the sundial.

The support tower of the bridge forms a single 217-foot (66 m) mast that points due north at a cantilevered angle (42 degrees), allowing it to serve as the gnomon of a sundial. The spar's angle is slightly incorrect for it to be accurate the whole year, as the bridge's latitude is approximately 40.59 degrees. It has been billed as the world's largest sundial,[6][7] although Taipei 101 and the associated sundial design of its adjoining park are much larger. The Sundial Bridge gnomon's shadow is cast upon a large dial to the north of the bridge. The shadow cast by the tower is said by the nearby time markings (see photo) to be exactly accurate on only one day in a year – the summer solstice, June 20 or 21 – but that has not been demonstrated. The time is given as Pacific Daylight Time. The tip of the shadow moves at approximately one foot per minute so that the Earth's rotation about its axis can be seen with the naked eye.[8]

Design

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The support tower of the bridge.
The translucent glass pavement of the bridge

The Sundial Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge, similar to Calatrava's earlier design of the Puente del Alamillo in Seville, Spain (1992). This type of bridge does not balance the forces by using a symmetrical arrangement of cable forces on each side of its support tower; instead, it uses a cantilever tower, set at a 42-degree angle[9] and loaded by cable stays on only one side. This design requires that the spar resist bending and torsional forces and that its foundation resists overturning. While this leads to a less structurally efficient structure, the architectural statement is dramatic. The bridge is 700 feet (210 m) in length and crosses the river without touching the water, a design criterion that helps protect the salmon spawning grounds beneath the bridge.[10] The cable stays are not centered on the walkway but instead divide the bridge into a major and minor path.

The cable for the bridge totals 4,342 feet (1,323 m) and was made in England. The dial of the sundial and a small plaza beneath the support tower are decorated with broken white tile from Spain. The bridge's deck is surfaced with translucent structural glass from Quebec, which is illuminated from beneath and glows aquamarine at night. The steel support structure of the bridge was made in Vancouver, Washington and transported in 40-foot (12 m) sections by truck to Redding.[11]

Sundial Bridge at night

History

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Plans for the Sundial Bridge began in the 1990s, when the city of Redding budgeted $3 million for a pedestrian bridge across the river. However, costs escalated after Calatrava's design was chosen in 1996,[11] and the project supported by a small group of doctors, lawyers, and other professionals and opposed by other residents who thought it would be too expensive[10][11][12][13] and who favored a more "folksy" covered bridge design.[10][14] The bridge was completed in 2004, three years later than originally planned,[12] at a cost of $23.5 million, with funding from the Redding-based McConnell Foundation.[3][15] The expense was justified on the basis that it would increase tourism in the Redding area,[6][12][14] which also features Shasta Dam as another architectural marvel, and it has been successful in that goal.[5][9][16]

Tourism

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In the fiscal year following its grand opening, Turtle Bay Exploration Park, adjacent to the bridge, saw a 42-percent increase in its visitation.[5] As of 2011, Redding's city manager stated that the bridge "continues to generate millions of dollars worth of commerce and tourism each year".[17]

Events

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In 2009, Nor-Cal Think Pink, a non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness of the importance of early detection of breast cancer, received approval from the City of Redding to illuminate the Sundial Bridge in pink for its Think Pink Day. The event now takes place annually.[18][19][20]

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The bridge is the cover image of a general physics textbook by Serway and Jewett, demonstrating the bridge resisting forces of wind and gravity.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Calvan, Bobby Caina (April 5, 2004). "Bridge unites parkland, divides town: Some see path to future, others a misguided mess". The Boston Globe. The New York Times Company. Retrieved March 18, 2010.[dead link‍]
  2. ^ "Sundial Bridge—California's Newest Icon". ShastaCascade.com. Shasta Cascade Wonderland Association. 2007. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
  3. ^ a b Vovakes, Christine (July 25, 2004), "California's Timeless Bridge", Washington Post.
  4. ^ Ottesen, Peter (June 2, 2010), Finished trail is 35 miles of pure heaven, Recordnet.
  5. ^ a b c "Tourists lured by Redding bridge", Sacramento Bee, October 5, 2005.
  6. ^ a b "Redding is seeking to bridge image gap", Sacramento Bee, July 12, 2001.
  7. ^ Fullwood, Janet (July 26, 2007), "California's Seven Wonders: There's no shortage of the spectacular", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  8. ^ a b Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett (2007), Physics: For scientists and engineers with modern physics (7th ed.), Thomson, Brooks/Cole, ISBN 978-0-03-004538-7. Back cover.
  9. ^ a b "Calatrava's "Sundial Bridge" Opens In Redding, California", Architectural Record, July 21, 2004.
  10. ^ a b c Santiago Calatrava's Sundial Bridge: Angle of Inspiration, Mill Valley Film Group, 2004.
  11. ^ a b c Lucas, Greg (June 30, 2004), "Walking Bridge That Soars: Backers See Stardom for Sundial Bridge", San Francisco Chronicle.
  12. ^ a b c Calvan, Bobby Caina (April 5, 2004), "Bridge unites parkland, divides town: Some see path to future, others a misguided mess", Boston Globe.
  13. ^ Klaidman, Stephen (2007), Coronary: A True Story of Medicine Gone Awry, Simon and Schuster, pp. 25–26, ISBN 978-0-7432-6754-0.
  14. ^ a b Brown, Patricia Leigh (February 19, 2004), "Bridge Out of Nowhere Leads a Town to Its Future", New York Times.
  15. ^ Woodruff, Shawn; Billington, David P. (2007), "Aesthetics and economy in pedestrian bridge design", International Journal of Space Structures, 22 (1): 81–89, doi:10.1260/026635107781037310, S2CID 110630511.
  16. ^ Beyette, Beverly (June 3, 2007), "Redding's magnetic bridge; The Sundial span has a powerful pull. The architect's stunning creation has drawn tourists and is changing the city's image", Los Angeles Times.
  17. ^ Kalb, Loretta (April 11, 2011), "It's meant to startle – and it does", Sacramento Bee, archived from the original on April 30, 2011.
  18. ^ Nor-Cal Think Pink
  19. ^ "Sundial Bridge turns pink for Think Pink Breast Cancer Awareness Day" Redding.com
  20. ^ "3 nights of pink lights" Redding.com
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