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Strength is in Unity (political coalition)

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Not to be confused with Strength in Unity Alliance.
Strength Is in Unity
ძალა ერთობაშია
Dzala ertobashia
ChairpersonTinatin Bokuchava
Deputy ChairsLevan Bezhashvili
Giorgi Botkoveli
FounderGrigol Vashadze
FoundedMay 31, 2018 (2018-05-31) (coalition)
May 31, 2021 (2021-05-31) (parliamentary faction)
Succeeded byUnity – National Movement
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[1]
Members
Colors  Purple and   Orange
Parliament
20 / 150
Website
United National Movement Faction on Twitter

United National Movement – United Opposition "Strength is in Unity" Faction was a politican coalition and a parliamentary faction in Georgia. It was led by United National Movement, the largest party within the bloc, and additionally included Progress and Freedom and Victorious Georgia parties. It was one of the two factions in the 10th Parliament of Georgia, serving in the opposition to the Georgian Dream government.

Strength is in Unity was formed as a political coalition in 2018 in the lead-up to that year's presidential election, backing the candidacy of Grigol Vashadze. Subsequently, it took part in the 2020 parliamentary election with five parties running its candidates on the coalition's list. The alliance participated in the parliamentary boycott following what it deemed as rigged results, only entering the parliament in May 2021. By 2024, it included 20 MPs and was chaired by UNM's Tinatin Bokuchava. It was succeeded by Unity – National Movement for the 2024 parliamentary election.

The faction had participated in numerous boycotts since entering the parliament and was in strong opposition to what it saw as pro-Russian policies of the Georgian Dream government. It also protested against the detention of the former president Mikheil Saakashvili, a leader of UNM. The coalition was viewed as being pro-European and centre-right.

History

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Formation and 2018 presidential election

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Main article: 2018 Georgian presidential election
Grigol Vashadze, Strength is in Unity's candidate for the 2018 presidential election and its leader from 2019 to 2020

Strength Is in Unity coalition was formed on July 18, 2018, ahead of that year's presidential election with the goal of uniting small political parties opposed to the Georgian Dream-led government. The coalition brought together ten parties. It was led by United National Movement (UNM) and included State for the People, For a New Georgia, Serve Georgia, the National Democratic Party (NDP), the Christian Conservative Party, the Civil Alliance for Freedom, New Georgia (NG), Georgia Among Leaders, and the European Democrats. The alliance backed Grigol Vashadze, a former Foreign Minister and future chairman of United National Movement (UNM), as its presidential candidate.[2]

The presidential election was seen as an opportunity for the opposition to achieve its first victory since Georgian Dream came to power. It was nearly successful in defeating the Georgian Dream-backed independent candidate Salome Zourabichvili in the first round with Vashadze getting 37.74% of the vote compared to Zourabichvili's 40.48%. He would later be endorsed by European Georgia and the Republican Party in the runoffs, although both parties refused to join the coalition at the time.[3] After a stronger-than-expected performance from the opposition, Bidzina Ivanishvili, Georgian Dream's de facto leader, put together a scheme in which the debts of 600,000 Georgians would be written off and covered by his charity, in an attempt to secure Zourabichvili's victory. It was considered "an unprecedented case of vote-bribing".[4] The government supported scheme was enough to boost Georgian Dream's popularity and give Zourabichvili a victory in the second round.[5]

2020 parliamentary election

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See also: 2020 Georgian parliamentary election
Sandra Roelofs, the wife of the ex-president Mikheil Saakashvili and the coalition's candidate for the Zugdidi mayoral race

Though Vashadze eventually lost the presidential race, the Strength Is in Unity coalition remained active as a platform to run candidates in further elections and in May 2019, nominated Sandra Roelofs (UNM) as a candidate for Mayor of the Zugdidi Municipality. On December 22, 2019, the coalition's unity suffered its first setback with the departure of the New Rights Party, itself a post-electoral member, which merged with the new Lelo for Georgia political party.[citation needed]

By 2020, the SIU coalition had been informally disbanded as political parties sought independent paths and electoral strategies. The 2019–2020 large-scale demonstrations, followed by the failure by Parliament to pass a compromise constitutional amendment on electoral reform in November 2019 and the 8 March 2020, agreement between Georgian Dream and the opposition each contributed to the creation of a negotiation format amongst opposition parties that set them apart, while leaving the smallest political parties in SIU with little to no funding, press coverage or membership.[clarification needed] By the March 8 Agreement, only five parties had remained in the coalition: UNM, New Georgia, Law and Justice (an offshoot of New Georgia), the European Democrats, and the Christian Conservative Party.[citation needed]

Mikheil Saakashvili, president of Georgia from 2003 to 2013 and the coalition's pick for the PM candidate

The coalition experienced its largest setback in July 2020 after the group rejected the prime ministerial candidacy of Giorgi Vashadze, the leader of New Georgia.[6] New Georgia and Tamar Charkviani's Law and Justice subsequently both left to form their own electoral bloc, Strategy Aghmashenebeli.[7] Strength Is in Unity subsequently nominated former President Mikheil Saakashvili, a controversial choice for some[to whom?] as the UNM leader was at the time in exile in Ukraine and had been convicted in absentia by Georgian courts in 2018.[8]

In August, 30 political parties, including the SIU members, signed an agreement to field joint candidates in the various majoritarian districts of Tbilisi, although SIU would break the agreement by nominating Khatia Dekanoidze to run in the Isani Majoritarian District, where other parties had already nominated Giorgi Vashadze. Meanwhile, SIU's other nominees in Tbilisi (Nika Melia in Gldani and Levan Khabeishvili in Samgori) were endorsed by the 30-party group.[citation needed]

Vakhtang Kikabidze, the number one candidate on SIU's electoral list

On September 15 five political parties came together on September 15 and signed an agreement to formally recreate the SIU coalition: UNM, Progress and Freedom (PF), State for the People (SFP), and the Republican Party. The coalition's electoral list was led by actor and singer Vakhtang Kikabidze.[9] Out of 30 majoritarian districts, four SIU nominees were members of Progress and Freedom, while the other 26 were members of UNM.[10]

In the parliamentary election SIU won 27.1% in the parliamentary election getting 36 seats, finishing second, behind Georgian Dream.[11] Out of the 36 seats 17 were allocated to UNM, 4 - Progress and Freedom, 3 - State for the People, 2 - Republicans, while the remaining 10 to nominally "non-partisan" candidates (out of which one was a member of Victorious Georgia and another one - National Democratic Party).[12] In Adjaran legislative election, which was held simultaneously as the parliamentary election, the bloc won 34% and was the only opposition group to win seats in the autonomous republic's legislature.[13]

2020-2021 Georgian political crisis

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See also: 2020-2021 Georgian political crisis

SIU joined other political parties in refusing to recognize the electoral results after allegations of massive voter fraud surfaced, boycotting majoritarian runoffs and the seats they had won in Parliament and the Supreme Council of Adjara (both the Republican Party and SFP individually made similar declarations prior).[14] However, one of its elected members in Adjara from the Republican Party broke the boycott and entered the Supreme Council on December 25.[15]

Nika Melia the leader of UNM from 2020 to 2023

In the aftermath of the election and the ensuing political crisis, SIU, along with other major opposition parties, backed negotiations with Georgian Dream facilitated by Western powers.[16] While SIU MPs formally renounced their mandates, the Parliament formally rejected their suspension on February 2, which allowed for negotiations to continue.[17] The crisis worsened when authorities arrested UNM chairman and coalition de facto leader Nika Melia on February 28. On March 1, 2021, EU Council President Charles Michel launched new negotiations between Georgian Dream and the opposition to put an end to the political crisis and SIU was represented in those talks by Salome Samadashvili and Akaki Minashvili of UNM and Khatuna Samnidze of the Republican Party.[18] The sides reached an agreement on April 19, although SIU refused to sign the deal. This refusal proved to be controversial and led to the Republican Party leaving the coalition, along with Grigol Vashadze and Salome Samadashvili, who each signed the agreement independently.[19]

Parliamentary faction

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Khatia Dekanoidze, the chair of Strength is in Unity parliamentary faction

On May 30, 2021, the coalition announced it would enter Parliament without signing the April 19 Agreement under the name of United National Movement – United Opposition "Strength Is in Unity" Faction, one of four parliamentary factions at the time.[20] On June 7, the faction elected Khatia Dekanoidze (UNM) as its Chair and Levan Bezhashvili (UNM) and Nato Chkheidze (SFP) as its deputy chairpersons, with Giorgi Botkoveli (UNM) later becoming the third deputy chair. The faction started operating with 32 MPs. On the day the SIU faction joined Parliament, the Georgian Dream majority declared a recess to prevent a speech by UNM chairman Nika Melia and to postpone voting on two bills opposed by the faction (one stripping public funding for boycotting parliamentary parties and one declaring an amnesty on both demonstrators and police officers involved in the dispersal of protests in 2019).[citation needed]

On July 12, 2021, the SIU faction declared a partial parliamentary boycott following the death of a cameraman injured during the attack on the Tbilisi Pride by far-right groups, with faction leaders accusing the government of Prime Minister Irakli Gharibashvili of encouraging extremist groups on the eve of the protests. The faction announced at the time it was refusing to participate in parliamentary activities except for votes on motions of no confidence and constitutional amendments. It put an end to the boycott six months later on January 22, 2022, to focus on establishing an investigative commission to study the treatment of Saakashvili in prison, support an anti-corruption commission proposed by other opposition parties, and pass labour safety reform.[21]

UNM MPs during the 2022 Parliamentary Address wearing Ukraine face masks and shirts demanding the release of the jailed ex-president Mikheil Saakashvili

Since June 2022, the faction has presented a reform plan to address the 12 recommendations imposed by the European Commission as preconditions for Georgia's EU membership candidacy status. As part of the reforms, the faction has proposed a return to the April 19 Agreement, the creation of a National Anti-Corruption Agency, freeing Nika Gvaramia from prison, changing the election method of Central Election Commission leadership, and harmonizing media regulatory acts with EU directives. This plan has been endorsed by Strategy Aghmeshenebeli, Lelo for Georgia, and the Republican Party.[22] It has also proposed a bill to allow the Constitutional Court to draft a list of so-called oligarchs to be banned from political interference.[23] The faction has continuously called for a moratorium on judicial appointments, electoral reform, and snap parliamentary elections.[24] From 2021 to 2022, various members declared hunger strikes in protest of the treatment of Saakashvili in prison.[citation needed]

On January 30, 2023, Khabeishvili was elected chairman of the United National Movement, replacing Melia. Among his opponents was former MP Nona Mamulashvili, who campaigned on a platform to abolish the SIU Faction and boycott the Parliament. A day later, Dekanoidze announced her resignation after Khabeishvili suggested the party would resign its parliamentary seats in exchange for the Georgian authorities to let Saakashvili be transferred abroad for medical treatment. She was replaced by Tinatin Bokuchava on May 8, 2023.[citation needed]

On February 5, the UNM party congress appointed the 17 MPs from the party to ex-officio seats on the party's executive body, the Political Council. However, the move was criticized by some, including Dekanoidze and Ekaterine Kherkheulidze, as "undemocratic", with several MPs not knowing about the decision until after it was approved. MP Akaki Minashvili stated he would refuse his seat on the Council.[25] On February 7, the Faction announced a boycott of its parliamentary work to protest the refusal by the Georgian authorities to allow the transfer of Saakashvili abroad for medical treatment.[26] MPs Roman Gotsiridze and Khatia Dekanoidze left UNM and the faction in response to the boycott.[citation needed]

On May 17, 2023, State for the People and the NDP left the Faction after breaking with its other members during a parliamentary vote to confirm members of the High Council of Justice that the rest of the Parliamentary Opposition boycotted. As a result, Nato Chkheidze, Rostom Chkheidze, Nika Machutadze, and Bachuki Kardava left the Faction.[citation needed]

On 20 July 2023, the remaining SU members and Strategy Aghmashenebeli announced the formation of a political coalition titled Victory Platform.[27] The alliance was later renamed to Unity - To Save Georgia (which was itself altered to Unity – National Movement) on 8 July 2024.[28] On 17 August, European Georgia joined the coalition.[29] The parties in the coalition are signatories to the Georgian Charter initiated by the president Zourabichvili that sets out goals for a possible future government.[30]

Ideology

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Strength is in Unity has been placed on the centre-right or liberal right of the political spectrum. It has been labeled liberal, populist and as standing for civic nationalism. The party’s foreign policy is pro-European.[1][31]

Strength is in Unity generally holds liberal views on both the social and economic issues. The coalition’s economic policies are right-wing and supports welfare retrenchment. On social issues, the alliance supports the drug liberalization, selling land to foreigners, and abolishing conscription It is however against green politics and allowing ethnic minorities in compact minority settlements to receive state services in their own language.[31] However, in the 2018 presidential election SIU’s candidate Grigol Vashadze took a hard-line stance against the legalization of cannabis, accusing the authorities of turning Georgia from a "wine exporter" to a "marijuana exporter". Vashadze also supported increasing teachers' salaries and reducing the "bureaucratic expenses" and instead increasing welfare spending.[32]

Structure and membership

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Member Parties

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Former member parties

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Left after the 2018 presidential election

Left during the 2020 parliamentary election

Left since 2020

  • Republican Party of Georgia, left in April 2021 as a result of UNM's refusal to sign the April 19, 2021 Political Agreement;
  • State for the People, left in May 2023 after breaking with the Faction's refusal to vote for pro-governmental judicial nominees.
  • National Democratic Party (fielded its own partisan list in the 2020 parliamentary elections but also included candidates in the bloc list), left in May 2023 after breaking with the Faction's refusal to vote for pro-governmental judicial nominees.

Faction members

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Former members

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When the Strength Is in Unity parliamentary faction was set up on May 31, 2021, it included 32 MPs. Since then, seven members have left, either resigning from Parliament or leaving the faction to join another parliamentary group, and one has died:

Electoral performance

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Parliamentary

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Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
2020 Mikheil Saakashvili[a]
Grigol Vashadze[b] 		523,127 27.18
36 / 150
 Increase 9[c] Steady 2nd Opposition
  1. ^ Nominee for Prime Minister
  2. ^ Coalition chairman
  3. ^ In comparison with result of UNM.

Presidential

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Election year Candidate 1st round 2nd round
# of overall votes % of overall vote # of overall votes % of overall vote
2018 Grigol Vashadze[33] 601,224 37.74% (#2) 780,680 40.48% (#2)

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Georgia - 3 Political Parties". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity.
  2. ^ "UNM-led Coalition Picks Presidential Candidate". Civil Georgia. July 18, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  3. ^ "Polls Open in Georgia's Presidential Runoff". Civil Georgia. November 28, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  4. ^ "Watchdogs: Signs of "Unprecedented Voter-bribing"". Civil Georgia. November 19, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  5. ^ Giorgi Lomsadze (November 29, 2018). "Opposition challenges results in Georgia's presidential election". Eurasianet.
  6. ^ "The Daily Dispatch – July 15". Civil Georgia. July 16, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  7. ^ "A New Twist as UNM Names Isani Majoritarian". Civil Georgia. August 28, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  8. ^ "Ex-President Saakashvili Named as UNM's Prime Ministerial Hopeful". Civil Georgia. September 7, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  9. ^ "UNM-led Bloc Unveils Proportional-Party List". Civil Georgia. October 1, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  10. ^ "UNM-led Bloc Presents Majoritarian Candidates". Civil Georgia. September 23, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  11. ^ "Winners and Losers of Georgia's October 31 Elections". Civil Georgia. November 2, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  12. ^ Jelger Groeneveld. "2020 Elections Parliament of Georgia". Eastwatch.
  13. ^ "Preliminary Results of Adjara Supreme Council Elections". Civil Georgia. November 2, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  14. ^ "All Opposition Parties Refuse to Enter Next Parliament". Civil Georgia. November 2, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  15. ^ "Adjara Supreme Council Confirms Region's New Old Government". Civil Georgia. December 25, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  16. ^ "Boycotting Opposition Parties Call on GD to Resume Talks". Civil Georgia. February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  17. ^ "Georgian Dream Decides Against Terminating Opposition Mandates". Civil Georgia. February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  18. ^ "GD, Opposition Talk Expectations as Danielsson Holds Meetings". Civil Georgia. March 13, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  19. ^ "Georgian Dream, Opposition, Except for UNM, EG, Sign EU Proposal". Civil Georgia. April 19, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  20. ^ "United National Movement Creates Parliamentary Faction". Civil Georgia. June 7, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  21. ^ "UNM Calls Off Parliamentary Boycott". Civil Georgia. January 31, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  22. ^ "Part of Opposition Presents Plan to Meet EU Recommendations". Civil Georgia. September 22, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  23. ^ "LEVAN BEZHASHVILI: THE ATTACHMENT OF THE STATUS OF THE OLIGARCH, AS STIPULATED UNDER OUR DRAFT, IS RELATED NOT TO ANY OF THE POLITICAL OR STATE BODIES BUT TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT". Parliament of Georgia. November 21, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  24. ^ "THE MEETING OF THE FACTION "UNITED NATIONAL MOVEMENT – UNIFIED OPPOSITION "UNITY MAKES STRENGTH" WITH THE PACE MONITORING COMMITTEE MEMBERS". Parliament of Georgia. December 10, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  25. ^ ""დღეს ნაციონალურ მოძრაობაში ფარდის მიღმა მყოფებმა პოლიტსაბჭოს არჩევითობა გააუქმეს" – მელია ყრილობას ეხმაურება". Radio Tavisupleba. February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  26. ^ Strength is in Unity Parliamentary Faction [@SIUFaction] (February 7, 2023). "Bidzina Ivanishvili, @GeorgianDream41, and the Russian oligarchical regime have chosen to formalize the torture and inhuman treatment of Georgia's third President Mikheil Saakashvili. [...]" (Tweet). Retrieved February 7, 2023 – via Twitter.
  27. ^ ""Platform of Victory" - Two opposition parties in Georgia present a new political platform". JAM News. July 24, 2023.
  28. ^ "UNM, Strategy Aghmashenebeli Announce Political Platform: 'Unity – to Save Georgia'". Civil Georgia. July 8, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  29. ^ "Opposition Coalitions Continue to Expand". Civil Georgia. August 19, 2024.
  30. ^ "Opposition Parties Sign Georgian Charter". Civil Georgia. June 3, 2024.
  31. ^ a b "Georgia's Political Landscape". Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. October 18, 2021.
  32. ^ "Presidential Election Guide". Civil Georgia. October 27, 2018.
  33. ^ "UNM's Grigol Vashadze Presented as Opposition's Presidential Candidate". Georgia Today on the Web. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
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