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A sports agent is a person who procures and negotiates employment and [[endorsement]] contracts for a [[Sportsperson|player]]. In return, they receive between four and ten percent of the playing contract and ten to twenty percent of the endorsement contract although this figure varies based on their own negotiations with the sports figures.

==Role==
A sports agent is a person who helps market athletes or products associated with that athlete to promote an athlete's career. Agents are responsible for all communications with team owners, managers, coaches and other individuals to help promote an athlete's career. Primarily, agents are used to broker and negotiate contracts for their clients. Also, they are responsible for making recommendations in regards to their options. In addition to finding incoming sources, agents often handle [[public relations]] matters for their clients. In some large sports agencies, such as [[International Management Group|IMG]], [[Creative Artists Agency]] and Octagon, agents deal with all aspects of a client's [[finance]]s, from [[investment]] to filing [[tax]]es.

Sports agents may be relied upon by their clients for guidance in all [[business]] aspects of life, and sometimes even more broadly. For example, hockey agents start recruiting clients as young as 15, allowing the agent to guide the athlete's career before the [[National Hockey League|NHL]] draft, which happens usually at 18 years of age.

Due to the large and complicated contracts, many sports agents are [[lawyers]] or have a experience in contractual law. Agents are expected to be knowledgeable about finance, business management, financial and risk analysis, as well as sports. It is important for sports agent to follow the trends in sports. Other skills an agent must possess is excellent communication and negotiation skills. Agents must be highly motivated, willing to work long hours, and have the ability to multitask. It is very common for agents to be in negotiations with several clients at one time.<ref> [http://www.jobprofiles.org/artsportsagent.htm Job Profiles.org] - description of roles of sports agent and some educational programs to prepare for the field</ref>

Some agents are part of [[Corporation|large companies]] and some are [[Consultant|on their own]]. The number of clients an individual agent can handle and how many his or her employing agency can handle in total are [[Interdependence|interdependent]] variables. The signed contract is such that the player will receive the full contract amount and the consultant companies then take their income from the adds directly representing the player.

Before the 1990s, most [[association football|football]] players did not use agents. In some cases, they used for instance their father as agents. Due to most parents' naivety about the football business, these young footballers were often given less-than stellar contracts by football clubs, which yielded lower salaries than they thought they deserved.<ref> [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article396507.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1"The Big Interview: Neil Webb"] Sunday Times, Nov. 28, 2004, interview with soccer/football player</ref> In [[Sweden]], there were only three licensed agents in 1995.<ref>[http://sydsvenskan.se/sport/article18746/Marknaden-mattad-pa-agenter.html "Market Saturation of Agents"]-May 23, 2002, note: source can be translated into English on the website </ref> Today, there are 33. As per [[FIFA]], there are 5187 licensed football agents world-wide with 600 agents in [[Italy]] alone.<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/administration/playersagents/list.html FIFA - Players' agents list - by country]</ref> Since 2001, agents have not been licensed by FIFA. Instead, agents are licensed directly by each association.

==Media depiction==
The popularity of television shows such as ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'', which stars a [[talent agent]] named [[Ari Gold]], and ''[[Arliss]]'', have help glamorize the profession.
Prior to that, movies such as ''[[Jerry McGuire]]'', ''[[Two for the Money (film)]]'' and ''[[Any Given Sunday]]'' have depicted sports agents. In England, ITV's ''[[Footballers' Wives]]'' put a new spin on sports agents by casting a no holds-bar female agent [[Hazel Bailey]].

Due to the popularity of these works, there has been increase of attention in the profession. Former [[Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]]'s son has decided to become a football agent.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/blairs-son-to-become-a-football-agent-1829864.html "Blair's son to become a football agent"] Nov. 28, 2009, The Independent</ref>

== Sports agency groups==
There have been some efforts to transform the sports agency business from an individual, entrepreneurial business, to more of a corporate structure. These experiments have met with varying degrees of longevity and success.

*''' AthletePromotions'''- sports agency run by Adam Plotkin and Ryan Totka, representing many retired athletes including [[Thurman Thomas]], [[Andre Reed]], [[Spud Webb]], [[Steve Garvey]], [[Nick Anderson]], and [[William "The Refrigerator" Perry]].
* '''[[Athletes First]]'''- sports agency run by [[David L. Dunn]] and represents clients such as [[Carson Palmer]], [[Ray Lewis]], [[Aaron Rodgers]], [[Todd Heap]], [[Wes Welker]], [[Reggie Wayne]], [[Mark Sanchez]].
*'''BDA Sports'''- sports agency run by Bill Duffy who represents [[Steve Nash]].
*'''[[Lagardere Unlimited Football]]'''- sports agency run by [[Joel Segal (sports agent)|Joel Segal]] and represents clients such as [[Michael Vick]], [[Chris Johnson (running back)|Chris Johnson]] and [[Reggie Bush]].
*'''(Scott) Boras Corp.''' Agency run by Scott Boras which clients include [[Carlos Beltran]], [[Manny Ramirez]], [[Jayson Werth]], and [[Mark Teixeira]]
* '''[[Creative Artists Agency]]''': "CAA" - acquired various pieces of the sports agency business of SFX (see below), starting with professional football.
* '''[[IMG (business)|IMG - International Management Group]]''' a successful corporate agency established by entrepreneur [[Mark McCormack]], originally with a specialization of golf and tennis. After the death of McCormack the company was acquired by private equity group [[Forstmann Little]].
* '''(Roger) Ljung Promotions AB'''- Swedish sports agency run by former footballer Roger Ljung has represented some of Sweden's most popular talents including [[Fredrik Ljungberg]], [[Teddy Lucic]], and [[Patrik Andersson]].
*''' Maximum Sports Management'''- sports agency run by Eugene Parker. Their client list includes [[Deion Sanders]], [[Emmitt Smith]], [[Curtis Martin]] and [[Rod Woodson]].
*''' Newport Sports Management'''- Founded and run by Don Meehan.
* '''[[Octagon Worldwide]]''' - sports agency business that is part of conglomerate [[Interpublic Group]].
*'''[[Priority Sports and Entertainment]]'''- Agency representing the most NBA players run by Mark Bartelstein.
*''' [[Rosenhaus Sports]]'''- sports agency run by [[Drew Rosenhaus]]. He represents clients such as [[Terrell Owens]].
*'''Trimark Sports Management''' - sports agency started by Randy Goins who represents Nationwide Tour Golfer,[http://www.elliotgealy.com Elliot Gealy]
* '''Wasserman Media Group''': acquired [[Arn Tellem]]'s basketball agency from SFX and usually represents the most players in [[NBA]] lottery Draft each year.

===Formerly active agencies===
Some sports agency firms were once prominent, but are now gone or reorganized:
** '''Assante Corporation''' - Canadian public company that acquired the Steinberg, Moorad & Dunn agency, then acquired other agencies such as Dan Fegan & Associates and Maximum Sports Management in an unsuccessful effort to build multi-sport corporate agency.<ref> [http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/26/sports/pro-football-these-drafts-come-and-go-and-so-do-agents-fortunes.html?scp=14&sq=assante%20sports&st=cse "These Drafts Come and Go, and So Do Agents' Fortunes"] New York Times, April 28, 2003</ref>
** '''SFX Entertainment''' (now [[Live Nation]] a publicly traded company) - in 1998 SFX agreed to pay up to $150 million in cash, stock and bonuses for F.A.M.E., the sports agency run by [[David Falk]], the agent for basketball stars [[Michael Jordan]] and [[Patrick Ewing]]. SFX also acquired two other major sports agencies, [[Arn Tellem]]'s agency: Tellem & Associates, and the baseball-oriented firm run by [[Randy Hendricks]] and Allan Hendricks.<ref> [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/28/sports/steinberg-sells-sports-firm.html "Steinberg Sells Sports Firm" New York Times October 28, 1999.]</ref> SFX would later reverse course and sell off the pieces of its large sports agency business.
** '''Steinberg, Moorad & Dunn''' ("SMD")- a multi-sport agency sold in October, 1999 for reported $120 million to Canadian financial firm. Defections of principals and litigation followed. Originally led by entrepreneurial agents [[Leigh Steinberg]] and [[Jeff Moorad]].<ref> [http://espn.go.com/magazine/vol5no07steinberg.html "Crash Landing"]- ESPN the magazine, by Peter Keating, article about Leigh Steinberg</ref>

==Notable sports agents - by sport==
[[Image:Drew Rosenhaus.jpg|thumb|right|Professional football agent [[Drew Rosenhaus]]]]
===[[American Football]]===
*[[Tom Condon]], co-head of CAA Football. Clients include [[Peyton Manning]] and [[Tony Romo]].

*[[James "Bus" Cook]]: Clients include [[Brett Favre]], [[Jay Cutler (American football)|Jay Cutler]] and [[Calvin Johnson (American football)|Calvin Johnson]].
*[[Ben Dogra]], co-head of CAA Football. Client list includes [[Adrian Peterson]], [[Patrick Willis]], and [[Joseph Addai]].
*[[Jason Fletcher]]: former player turned agent, partners with Fletcher Smith representing among others [[Gaines Adams]], [[Antonio Cromartie]], [[Lofa Tatupu]] and [[Donovan McNabb]].
*[[Bob LaMonte]], founder and president of Professional Sports Representation, Inc. Client list includes [[Mike Holmgren]], [[Brad Childress]] and [[Josh McDaniels]].
*[[Eugene E. Parker]]: negotiated the highest signing bonuses in NFL history for [[Emmitt Smith]] and [[Deion Sanders]]. The real-life inspiration for the flamboyant character "Rod Tidwell" in the film [[Jerry Maguire]].
*[[Charles C. Pyle]]: American football agent representing [[Red Grange]] and [[Wildcat Wilson]]; founder of [[AFL I|first American Football League]] (1926).
*[[Drew Rosenhaus]]: Clients include [[Plaxico Burress]] and [[Terrell Owens]].
*[[Joel Segal (sports agent)|Joel Segal]], president of BEST Football. His client list includes [[Reggie Bush]], [[Santonio Holmes]], and [[Chris Johnson (running back)|Chris Johnson]].
*[[Jimmy Sexton (sports agent)|Jimmy Sexton]]: Client list includes [[Nick Saban]], [[Steve Spurrier]], and [[Bill Parcells]].
*[[Leigh Steinberg]]: Clients include [[Troy Aikman]] and [[Ben Roethlisberger]]. He is the real-life inspiration for the fictional sports agent [[Jerry Maguire]] in the film of the same name (he has a cameo appearance in that movie).{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}

===Australian football===
*[[Ricky Nixon]]: former player who was the [[Australian Football League|AFL's]] first full time player manager<ref>Butler, Steve (March 3, 2008); [http://www.realfooty.com.au/articles/2008/03/03/1204402367117.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 Show me the money, Ricky Nixon]; Realfooty.com.au; Retrieved on March 14, 2009</ref>

===Baseball===
*[[Scott Boras]]: American [[baseball]] agent, who has represented and negotiated deals for some of the biggest names in baseball, such as [[Alex Rodriguez]]. He is regarded as the most powerful agent in the [[MLB]].
*[[Greg Genske]]: baseball agent and successor to the sports agency business once run by [[Jeff Moorad]] (baseball) and [[Leigh Steinberg]] (football).
*[[Randy Hendricks]]: pioneer in sports agency, partnered with his brother, Allan, they sold their firm to SFX (now [[Live Nation]]) and bought it back again.

*[[Bo McKinnis]]: American baseball agent, whose clients include 2007 number 1 draft pick, [[David Price (baseball player)|David Price]].
*[[Jeff Moorad]]: former baseball sports agent and former partner of [[Leigh Steinberg]], now baseball executive and owner at [[San Diego Padres]].
*[[Matt Sosnick]]: Most notable client is [[Dontrelle Willis]]. Sosnick is subject of the book ''[[License to Deal]]'' by [[Jerry Crasnick]].

===Basketball===
*[[Mark Bartelestein (sports agent)|Mark Bartelstein]]: American basketball and football agent who for many years represented the most NBA players per any agency while also representing a select amount of football players. Some of his clients have been [[Kurt Warner]]and in the [[2010 NBA Draft]] he signed four first rounders, including [[2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|NCAA Final Four]] star [[Gordon Hayward]].
*[[Bill Duffy]]: American basketball agent whose clients include, [[Rajon Rondo]], [[Brandon Jennings]], [[Yao Ming]], [[Carmelo Anthony]], and [[Steve Nash]].
*[[David Falk]]: [[Basketball]] agent; [[United States|American]]. His clients have included [[Michael Jordan]], [[Patrick Ewing]], [[Allen Iverson]], and [[Dikembe Mutombo]]. In the 1990s he was generally considered the most influential player agent in the NBA,<ref name=agentsforefront>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/news/1998/12/28/news.nbaagents.html "Agents again at forefront of NBA labor dispute"], ''[[CNN/SI]],'' December 28, 1998, accessed June 16, 2007.</ref><ref name=spotlight>Migala, Dan. [http://www.workinsports.com/wiscareerspotlight.asp?id=1 "Career Spotlight: David Falk"], ''WorkInSports.com,'' June 4, 2001, accessed June 30, 2007.</ref> but is now semi-retired.
*[[Dan Fegan]]: American basketball agent and [[Yale Law School]] graduate noted for creating several nuances in the [[NBA]] Collective Bargaining Agreement. Fegan represents [[John Wall (basketball)|John Wall]] and [[Dwight Howard]], and also current [[Euroleague Basketball|Euroleague]] player [[Ricky Rubio]].
*[[Aaron Goodwin]]: American basketball agent known for representing [[LeBron James]] and his record $90,000,000 [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]deal before being terminated for agent [[Leon Rose]]. Goodwin now also represents [[Candace Parker]], the [[2008 WNBA season|2008]] [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] [[WNBA Most Valuable Player Award|MVP]] and [[WNBA Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]].
*[[Rob Pelinka]]: American basketball agent and former basketball player at the [[Michigan Wolverines men's basketball|University of Michigan]], whose clients include [[Kobe Bryant]] and [[Carlos Boozer]].
*[[Arn Tellem]]: American basketball agent, whose clients include [[Tracy McGrady]], [[Jermaine O'Neal]], [[Pau Gasol]], and [[Joe Johnson (basketball)|Joe Johnson]]. His clients' total salaries in 2007-2008 season add up to more than $210 million, making him number 1 in total client salaries in the NBA.<ref name="HoopsHype">{{cite web|url=http://www.hoopshype.com/agents.htm|title=HoopsHype.com Agents|accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref>

===Cricket===
*[[Neil Fairbrother]]: Former England cricket player is now Director of Cricket at [[International Sports Management]] whose client list includes: [[Andrew Flintoff]], [[Marcus Trescothick]], [[Steve Harmison]] and [[Graham Onions]] among other high-profile cricketers.

===European basketball===
*[[Craig McKenzie (sports agent)|Craig McKenzie]]: American basketball agent who worked for [[Eugene E. Parker]] on [[Deion Sanders]]. McKenzie represented NBA players including former three sport athlete [[Charlie Ward]] and some of the biggest American names in European basketball with multi-million dollar contracts such as [[Marcus Brown]], [[JR Bremer]], and [[Mire Chatman]].<ref>[http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=-1785381426&page_url=//www.morningjournal.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=19880071&BRD=1699&PAG=461&dept_id=46370&rfi=6&page_last_updated=2008-08-02T03:08:29&firstName=Craig&lastName=McKenzie]; The Morning Journal. Bob Finnan. Retrieved July 31, 2008</ref>


===Association football===
*[[Paul Stretford]]: English agent representing England and Manchester United football player [[Wayne Rooney]]. He set up Triple S Sports Entertainment Group in 2009 after leaving Proactive Sports, which he originally set up.
*[[Pini Zahavi]]: [[Israel]]i agent, widely regarded as the most powerful and successful football agent ever. He is famed for his deals involving the transfers of [[Yakubu Aiyegbeni|Yakubu]] and [[Rio Ferdinand]].
*[[Peter Morrison (footballer)|Peter Morrison]]: English agent and former player of [[Bolton Wanderers FC]] now working for the James Grant Sports Group, has been credited with deals for [[Premier League]] stars [[Michael Johnson (footballer born 1988)|Michael Johnson]] [[Nedum Onuoha]] of [[Manchester City Football Club]] as well as [[Ali Al Habsi]] of [[Bolton Wanderers FC]] and [[Cameron Stewart (footballer)|Cameron Stewart]] of [[Manchester United FC]]
*[[Milan Calasan]]: [[Montenegrin people|Montenegrin]] football agent. His organisation Mondialvas represented, amongst others, French footballer [[Christian Karembeu]], manager [[Arsène Wenger]] and Serbian star [[Nikola Zigic]].
*[[Claes Elefalk]]: Swedish agent representing [[Fredrik Ljungberg|Freddie Ljungberg]], [[Pontus Farnerud]] and [[Nils-Eric Johansson]], plus several NHL ice hockey players.
*[[Roger Ljung]]: Former Swedish International player turned agent, who owns his own agency Roger Ljung Promotion AB. He represented Freddie Ljungberg until 2006. He also represents [[Marcus Allbäck]], [[Daniel Andersson (footballer born 1977)|Daniel Andersson]], [[Patrik Andersson]], [[Erik Edman]], [[Andreas Isaksson]], [[Kim Källström]], [[Marcus Lantz]], and [[Teddy Lucic]]
*[[Martin Dahlin]]: Former Swedish International player turned agent who currently works for Roger Ljung Promotion AB
*[[Dan Segal]]: US agent who represents, among others, [[Landon Donovan]], [[Freddy Adu]], [[Tim Howard]], and [[Bobby Convey]].
*[[Joe Schoenbauer (sports agent)| Joe Schoenbauer]]: American agent with James Grant Sports Limited. Client list includes [[DeMarcus Beasley]], [[Carlos Bocanegra]], [[Ryan Nelsen]], and [[Brad Friedel]].
*[[Chefik Simo (sports agent)|Chefik Simo]]: American agent with James Grant Sports Limited. Client list includes [[Heath Pearce]], [[Jonathan Bornstein]], [[Marvell Wynne (soccer)|Marvell Wynne]], and [[Omar Gonzalez]]
* David Baldwin: English agent with the Base Soccer Agency in London. Company represents Arsene Wenger, Roy Hodgson, Aaron Lennon, Stilyan Petrov, Aaron Ramsey, Tom Huddlestone, Gilberto Silva, Bobby Zamora and Kenny Miller among others.
* [[Peppino Tirri]] Italian football players agent who broked [[Wesley Sneijder]], [[Luis Figo]], [[Esteban Cambiasso]], [[Rivaldo]], [[Antonio Cassano]] transfers among others.

===Golf and tennis===
*[[Mark McCormack]]: (deceased) American [[golf]] agent, and the principal originator of the modern sports agency industry.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} First client was [[Arnold Palmer]]. Founded [[International Management Group]] ("IMG").
*[[Mark Steinberg]]: the agent for [[Tiger Woods]] and head of the global golf division at [[IMG (business)|IMG]].<ref> "How Tiger's Top Man is Managing the Crisis", Wall Street Journal, Dec 8, 2009, [http://online.wsj.com/home-page Wall Street Journal] - subscription and fee may be required to access older articles </ref>
*[[Andrew 'Chubby' Chandler (sports agent)|Andrew 'Chubby' Chandler]]: the agent for [[Lee Westwood]] and [[Rory McIlroy]].

===Ice hockey===
*[[Ritch Winter]], [[ice hockey]] agent with over 70 clients. Helped bring down former [[National Hockey League Players Association]] Executive Director & ice hockey agent [[Alan Eagleson]] on fraud charges.
*[[Gilles Lupien]], former NHL [[defenceman (ice hockey)|defenceman]], current Canadian ice hockey agent. Clients include [[Roberto Luongo]].
*[[Colleen Howe]] (deceased), late president of Power Play International and Power Play Publications managing the hockey careers and business interests of her husband [[Gordie Howe]] and their sons [[Marty Howe|Marty]] and [[Mark Howe]].<ref name=APObit>{{cite news|title=Colleen Howe, 'Mrs. Hockey', dies at 76 | url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jgebG1zi1hYb3JbMJJZS4PpQuH6AD96OQDA00 | work=[[The Associated Press]]|date=6 March 2009|accessdate=7 March 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref>
*[[Don Meehan]], president of Newport Sports Management. He has over 100 clients in the NHL including [[Jarome Iginla]] and [[Chris Pronger]].
*[[Tatiana Ovechkina]], a two-time gold medalist in [[basketball]], is her son [[Alexander Ovechkin|Alexander Ovechkin's]] agent. She brokered a 13-year $124 million contract.<ref name="Top10"> [http://www.askmen.com/top_10/sports/top-10-sports-agents.html "Top 10 Sports Agents] -Ask Men.com</ref>

===Horse racing===
*[[Camilo Marin]]:{{Clarifyme|date=September 2007}}<!--What nationality?--> Jockeys' agent who represented notable riders [[Laffit Pincay, Jr.]], [[Braulio Baeza]], [[Jorge Velasquez]] and [[Manuel Ycaza]].
===Auto racing - NASCAR===
*[[Jimmie Johnson]] - signed with [[Creative Artists Agency]] in 2008; he asked them to help him obtain a television show (HBO reality show is in development) and an ice-cream flavor.<ref> Wall Street Journal, Jan 25, 2010, "Heard on the Field", page B10 </ref>

*[[Klint Briney]] - 26-year-old agent that represented the now retired [[IndyCar Series]] driver [[Sarah Fisher]]. With her retirement impending in 2010, Briney resigned his position with Fisher to start [[BRANDed]], LLC. BRANDed represents several up-and-coming open-wheel drivers including [[Zach Veach]], Shannon McIntosh and IndyCar [[Jay Howard]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Sports agents]]
*[[Entertainment Law]]
*[[Talent agent]]: discussion of the agents that represent entertainment talent and may also participate in sports agency.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''The Business of Sports Agents'', by Kenneth L. Shropshire, Timothy Davis, 2008, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-4084-9
* ''License to Deal: A Season on the Run with a Maverick Baseball Agent'', by Jerry Crasnick, 2005, Rodale Books, ISBN 978-1-59486-024-9
* ''An Athlete's Guide to Agents: 5th Edition'', by Bob Ruxin with Darren Heitner, 2009, Jones and Bartlett, ISBN 978-0-7637-7611-4
* ''How To Be A Sports Agent'', by Mel Stein, 2008, High Stakes Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84344-045-1

{{Talent agencies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sports Agent}}
[[Category:Sports agents| ]]
[[Category:Business and financial operations occupations]]
[[Category:Sports culture]]

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