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Suck my dick bitches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Sports Federations.^[1]

References

^ "Recognized non-Olympic Sports". 2007-01-03.

Free, Marcus; Hughson, John (2006) Common culture, commodity fetishism and the cultural contradictions of sport International Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 83-104 DOI: 10.1177/1367877906061166 SAGE Publications

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+Suck my dick bitches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!                                                                                                                                            Sports Federations.<ref>{{cite website|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/recognized/index_uk.asp|title=Recognized non-Olympic Sports|date=2007-01-03}}</ref>
-{{otheruses}}
-[[Image:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Sports from childhood. [[Association football]] shown above is a [[team sport]], and has [[social]] importance.]]
-'''Sport''' is an [[activity]] that is governed by a set of rules or [[custom]]s and often engaged in competitively.  ''Sports'' commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determiner of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as [[Game of skill|mind sports]] (a common name for some [[card game]]s and [[board game]]s with little to no element of chance) and [[motor sport|motor sports]] where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors.
-==Professionalism==
-[[Image:OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Modern sports have complex [[rule]]s and are highly organized.]]
-{{main|Professional sports}}
-The entertainment aspect of sports, together with the spread of [[mass media]] and increased leisure time, has led to professionalism in sports. This has resulted in some conflict, where the [[wage|paycheck]] can be seen as more important than recreational aspects, or where the sports are changed simply to make them more profitable and popular, thereby losing certain valued traditions.
-The entertainment aspect also means that sportsmen and women are often elevated to celebrity status.
-==Politics==
-:''This section is the main article for the category "[[:category:Sport and politics|Sport and politics]]".''
-At times, sports and politics can have a large amount of influence on each other.
-When [[apartheid]] was the official policy in [[South Africa]], many sports people, particularly in [[rugby union]], adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.<ref> {{cite web|url= http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00165.x| title= Sport and apartheid}}</ref>
-The [[1936 Summer Olympics]] held in [[Berlin]] was an [[illustration]], perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda.
-[[Image:Bruno Senna 2006 Australian Grand Prix.jpg|thumb|200px|right|In modern sport [[motorization]] has appeared.]]
-In the history of [[Ireland]], Gaelic sports were connected with [[cultural]] [[nationalism]]. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing [[Gaelic football]], [[hurling]], or other sports administered by the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) if she/he played or supported [[association football]], or other games seen to be of [[United Kingdom|British]] origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of soccer and [[rugby union]] at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but has been modified to allow  football and rugby be played in [[Croke Park]] while [[Lansdowne Road]] (both in [[Dublin]]) is being redeveloped. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]] from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the [[Good Friday Agreement]] in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.
-[[Nationalism]] is often evident in the pursuit of sports, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the sporting venue (see [[Football War]]). These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sports being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.
-==Physical art==
-[[Image:Gymnasta.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Gymnastics]]]]
-Sports have many affinities with [[art]]. [[Ice skating]] and [[Tai chi]], and [[Dancesport]] for example, are sports that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves.  Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of sport and art in their execution, such as [[artistic gymnastics]], [[skateboarding]], [[Bodybuilding]], [[Free running]], [[performance art]], [[professional wrestling]], [[Yoga]], [[bossaball]], [[dressage]], [[culinary arts]], [[marching band]], [[drum corps]],  etc. Perhaps the best example is [[Bull-fighting]], which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers. The fact that art is so close to sports in some situations is probably related to the nature of sports. The definition of "sports" above put forward the idea of an activity pursued not just for the usual purposes, for example, running not simply to get places, but running for its own sake, running as well as we can.
-This is similar to a common view of [[Aesthetics|aesthetic]] value, which is seen as something over and above the strictly functional value coming from an object's normal use. So an aesthetically pleasing car is one which doesn't just get from A to B, but which impresses us with its grace, poise, and charisma.
-In the same way, a sporting performance such as jumping doesn't just impress us as being an effective way to avoid obstacles or to get across streams. It impresses us because of the ability, skill, and style which is shown.
-Art and sports were probably more clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece, when gymnastics and calisthenics invoked admiration and aesthetic appreciation for the physical build, prowess and 'arete' displayed by participants. The modern term 'art' as skill, is  related to this ancient Greek term 'arete'. The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.
-==Technology==
-[[Image:Putter with flag.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Golf]], where strength and speed play much smaller roles than dexterity.]]
-Technology has an important role in sports, whether applied to an athlete's health, the athlete's technique, or equipment's characteristics.
-'''Equipment''' As sports have grown more competitive, the need for better equipment has arisen. Golf clubs, football helmets, baseball bats, soccer balls, hockey skates, and other equipment have all seen considerable changes when new technologies have been applied.
-'''Health''' Ranging from nutrition to the treatment of injuries, as the knowledge of the human body has deepened over time, an athlete's potential has been increased. Athletes are now able to play to an older age, recover more quickly from injuries, and train more effectively than previous generations of athletes.
-'''Instruction''' Advancing technology created new opportunities for research into sports. It is now possible to analyse aspects of sports that were previously out of the reach of comprehension. Being able to use motion capture to capture an athlete's movement, or advanced computer simulations to model physical scenarios has greatly increased an athlete's ability to understand what they are doing and how they can improve themselves.
-==Terminology==
-[[Image:Showjumping white horse.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Show Jumping]], an [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] sport.]]
-In [[British English]], sporting activities are commonly denoted by the [[collective noun]] "sport". In [[American English]], "sports" is more used. In all English dialects, "sports" is the term used for more than one specific sport. For example, "football and [[swimming]] are my favourite sports", would sound natural to all English speakers, whereas "I enjoy sport" would sound less natural than "I enjoy sports" to North Americans.
-The term "sport" is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both [[Game of skill|games of skill]] and [[motor sport]] exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports, such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports.  [[Air sports]], [[billiards]], [[contract bridge|bridge]], [[chess]], [[motorcycle racing]], and [[powerboating]] are all recognized as sports by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.<ref>{{cite website|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/recognized/index_uk.asp|title=Recognized non-Olympic Sports|date=2007-01-03}}</ref>
 ==Further reading==

Revision as of 16:03, 3 November 2008

Further reading

References

See also