Spatula (bird)
Spatula | |
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Male northern shoveler | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Anseriformes |
Family: | Anatidae |
Tribe: | Anatini |
Genus: | Spatula Boie, F, 1822 |
Type species | |
Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758
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Synonyms | |
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Spatula is a genus or subgenus of ducks in the family Anatidae that includes the shovelers, garganey, and several species of American teals.
Taxonomy
[edit]The species now placed in this genus were formerly placed in the genus Anas. A molecular phylogenetic study comparing mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2009 found that the genus Anas, as then defined, was non-monophyletic.[2] Based on this published phylogeny, the genus Anas was split into four monophyletic genera with 10 species moved into the resurrected genus Spatula.[3]
The genus Spatula had originally been proposed by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. The type species is the northern shoveler.[4][5] The name Spatula is the Latin word for "spoon", from which the English word "spatula" also originates.[6]
Extant species
[edit]The genus contains 10 species:[3]
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
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Garganey | Spatula querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Europe and western Asia |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Blue-billed teal | Spatula hottentota (Eyton, 1838) |
eastern and southern Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia west to Niger and Nigeria and south to South Africa and Namibia | Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Puna teal | Spatula puna (Tschudi, 1844) |
the Andes of Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile and extreme northwestern Argentina |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Silver teal | Spatula versicolor (Vieillot, 1816) Two subspecies
|
southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and the Falkland Islands |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Red shoveler | Spatula platalea (Vieillot, 1816) |
Tierra del Fuego northwards to Chile and most parts of Argentina, as well as the Falkland Islands and small isolated breeding populations in southern Peru |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Cinnamon teal | Spatula cyanoptera (Vieillot, 1816) Four subspecies
|
South America, western United States and extreme southwestern Canada; a rare visitor to the East Coast of the United States |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Blue-winged teal | Spatula discors (Linnaeus, 1766) |
North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia and south to northern Texas |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Cape shoveler | Spatula smithii Hartert, 1891 |
South Africa, uncommon further north in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique and Zambia | Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Australasian shoveler | Spatula rhynchotis (Latham, 1801) Two subspecies
|
Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Northern shoveler | Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
northern areas of Europe and Asia and across most of North America |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Phylogeny
[edit]Cladogram based on the analysis of Gonzalez and colleagues published in 2009.[2]
Spatula | |
References
[edit]- ^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ a b Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
- ^ Boie, Friedrich (1822). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). 1822. Col 564.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 460.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.