South Western Railway, Western Australia

South Western Railway
South Western Railway
	Bunbury Bridge in 1930
Overview
Owner	Public Transport Authority; Arc Infrastructure
Termini	Perth; Bunbury;
Stations	31
Service
Type	Commuter rail; Heavy rail
Operator(s)	Public Transport Authority; Aurizon
History
Opened	22 May 1893 (Perth–Pinjarra); 22 August 1893 (Pinjarra–Bunbury)
Technical
Line length	181 km (112 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Route map
Route map
	Legend
Armadale
Byford
	Kwinana
	Railway
	Public Transport Auth.
	Arc Infrastructure
Mundijong
North Dandalup
Dandalup
	Alcoa Refinery /
	Hotham Valley Line
Coolup
Waroona
Yarloop Station
Warawarrup
Harvey
Brunswick Junction
	This diagram: view; talk; edit;

The South Western Railway, also known as the South West Main Line, is the main railway route between Perth and Bunbury in Western Australia.

History

South-Western Railway Act 1891, an act by the Parliament of Western Australia assented to on 26 February 1891, authorised the construction of the railway line from Bayswater to Bunbury.^[1]

Construction

The South Western Railway was constructed for the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) by various private contractors from 1891.^[2] Among these was the engineer and magistrate William W. L. Owen.^[3]

Construction was completed in two parts.^[4] The first, East Perth to Pinjarra, was undertaken by William Atkins (former mill manager of the Neil McNeil company at the Jarrahdale Timber Station)^[5] and Robert Oswald Law (who built the Fremantle Long Jetty) from the end of 1891.^[2] Work began in 1892 but was slowed by difficulties with building the bridge over the Swan River.^[2]^[6] This section opened on 22 May 1893.^[7]^[8]

The second phase of construction was also completed by Atkins and McNeil, starting at Bunbury and working north to Pinjarra opening on 22 August 1893.^[2]^[4]^[8]^[7] Bunbury station was opened by John Forrest on 14 November 1894.^[9]

Post-World War II improvements

Prior to 1938, the WAGR determined that the South Western Railway would soon reach saturation point. During World War II, plans for its full duplication between Armadale and Brunswick Junction were therefore included in an intended post-war improvement project.^[10]^: 37

A special committee later recommended, however, that the proposed duplication be replaced with centralized traffic control (CTC), and in 1944 that recommendation was confirmed by the WAGR's newly appointed Signal and Telegraph Engineer, who had gained experience with CTC while working for the New Zealand Railways Department.^[10]^: 37

In 1949, the plans for lengthy duplication of the line were shelved, and installation of CTC was approved. The incoming WAGR Commission later placed orders for the necessary materials.^[10]^: 37

Post-war improvements to the WAGR network as a whole also encompassed a major program for relaying track on various main and secondary lines with heavier, welded, rails; included in that program were rerailing, reballasting and ancillary works on the South Western Railway.^[11]^: 38

The first part of that line to be relayed was the 132-kilometre-long (82 mi) Armadale to Picton Junction section, on which work began in 1952 and was completed in 1954. Work on the 8-kilometre (5 mi) section between Picton Junction and Bunbury followed in 1960, and then the double track section in Perth's south eastern suburbs equivalent to 55 kilometres (34 mi) was relaid in 1961 and 1962.^[11]^: 34, 38

Meanwhile, installation of CTC equipment began with the equipping of a pilot section between Armadale and Byford in 1958. The CTC was then extended progressively southwards, to North Dandalup by April 1959, and then to Pinjarra, including a crossing loop at Venn, by June 1959.^[10]^: 38

Proposals for a 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) extension of the double tracked Perth suburban portion of the line from Armadale as far as Byford, and installation of the CTC all the way to Brunswick Junction, both ended up being abandoned due to a shortage of funds.^[10]^: 37–38 Even so, the truncated 63-kilometre-long (39 mi) project, when it entered fully into service, was the first large-scale application of CTC in Australia.^[10]^: 36

Alignment

As operated by the WAGR, the line was 185.4 kilometres (115.18 mi) from Perth to Bunbury.^[12] Since that time, the line has been shortened to 181 kilometres (112 mi) as some stations have closed, moved or been replaced by passing loops.^[13]

The first 30 kilometres (19 mi) of the line from Perth are served by Transperth's Armadale Line. This section is double-tracked and electrified using 25 kV AC.^[14] The line south of Armadale is not electrified and predominantly single-track, with passing loops at various locations. The section from Perth to Mundijong Junction is controlled by the Public Transport Authority, with the remainder of the line controlled by Arc Infrastructure.^[15]

The section controlled by Arc Infrastructure has been upgraded to accommodate 21-tonne (46-thousand-pound) axle loads, featuring concrete sleepers and continuous welded 50 kilograms per metre (100 lb/yd) rail.^[16]

Bridges

The Bunbury Bridge near Perth was the most significant engineering structure on the line.^[17] It was replaced by the Goongoongup Bridge in 1996. Other notable bridges include:

Jenna Bidi Bridge over the Canning River in Gosnells
Murray River Bridge south of Pinjarra^[18]
Harvey River Bridge north of Harvey^[19]
Collie River Bridge south of Roelands^[20]

Branches

The line connects with all Transperth commuter rail lines at Perth, with specific branches to the Midland Line at Claisebrook and the Thornlie Line at Kenwick.^[15]^[14]

In terms of key freight connectivity, the line branches to the Kwinana Line at Kenwick and Mundijong Junction.^[13] The Jarrahdale branch was accessed at Mundijong, but this line is now out of service.^[13] A branch south of Pinjarra serves Alcoa and provides access to the Hotham Valley branch.^[13]^[21] The Collie branch connects at Brunswick Junction, providing access to Worsley Alumina and Collie.^[13] At Picton the line once continued 200 kilometres (120 mi) south as the Northcliffe branch, with further branches to Flinders Bay and Katanning, however only the first few kilometres of this line remain in use.^[13] A 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) spur to Bunbury Harbour provides access to the port west of Picton.^[15]

Timber tramways

Several timber mills used to operate along the railway, each with their own access to the mainline. Many of these mills operated extensive timber tramways that fed significant quantities of timber to the railway.^[22]

Operations

Passenger

The Transperth commuter rail Armadale Line operates a frequent passenger service at the Perth end of the route.

Beyond Armadale the only passenger service on the line is The Australind. It traverses the entire length of the line from Perth to Bunbury twice a day in each direction, taking about 2 hours and 30 minutes each way.^[23] Other named trains that previously operated on the line were the Bunbury Belle and The Shopper.

Stations

There are currently 31 passenger stations on the line, of which 20 are served by Armadale Line services. Beyond the Armadale Line section, all stations meet Disability Discrimination Act standards.^[24]^[25] The stations at Brunswick Junction and Bunbury provide connections to Transwa coach services.^[23] A planned extension of the Armadale Line as part of Metronet would see a new station built at Byford.^[26]

Freight

Freight services on the line are operated by Aurizon and are primarily focused on bauxite and alumina mining and refining.^[27] Bulk bauxite is carried from Alcoa Pinjarra to Kwinana for export and bulk alumina is transported from Alcoa Wagerup as well as from Worsley Alumina to Bunbury port.^[27] Caustic soda is transported from Bunbury Port to Wagerup and Worsley for use in alumina refining and some coal from the Collie branch is also carried on the line.^[28]^[27] Potential exists for the line to carry mineral sands, agricultural produce, lithium ore and containerised freight on the line in the future.^[27]

References

^ "South-Western Railway Act 1891". www.legislation.wa.gov.au. Government of Western Australia. 26 February 1891. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gunzburg, Adrian; Austin, Geff (2008). "Table Construction of the W.A Government Railways network, 1879-1931". Rails through the Bush: Timber and Firewood Tramways and Railway Contractors of Western Australia. Perth, Western Australia: Rail Heritage WA. pp. 208–210. ISBN 978-0-9803922-2-7. OL 12330925W.
^ Owen, William Lambden (1933). Cossack Gold. Angus and Robertson. OL 16795671W.
^ ^a ^b "Perth—Bunbury Railway". The Inquirer & Commercial News. Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 6 April 1892. p. 4. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ Thomas, W. C. (1938). "Mills and Men". Australian Timber Journal.
^ "The South-Western Railway: Mr Neil McNeil's Picnic". The West Australian. Perth, Western Australia. 19 December 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b Arnold, John (1993). Rails to Pinjarra 100. Pinjarra: 100 Planning Committee. p. 4. ISBN 0-646-14228-3.
^ ^a ^b Newland, Andrew; Quinlan, Howard (2000). Australian Railway Routes 1854 – 2000. Redfern: Australian Railway Historical Society. p. 64. ISBN 0-909650-49-7.
^ "THE NEW BUNBURY RAILWAY STATION". Southern Times. Vol. 7, no. 33. Western Australia. 15 November 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Track Capacity Improved, Operating Costs Lowered With New CTC Plant". Railway Transportation: 36–38, 44. August 1959. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Suburban Rerailing Ends South-Western Rehabilitation". Railway Transportation: 34–35, 38. February 1962. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
^ Western Australian Government Railways (1946). Time Table for passenger, mixed, and goods trains over all lines. Perth: Western Australian Government Railways.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Arc Infrastructure Network Map Arc Infrastructure
^ ^a ^b Kreitling, John (1991). Perth Electric – A new era. Perth: The Western Australian Government Railways Commission (Westrail). ISBN 0-7309-4619-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c Public Transport Authority Network Map Public Transport Authority
^ Arc Infrastructure Network Specifications Arc Infrastructure
^ Cumming, D.A. (Denis Arthur) (1992), Bunbury Bridge, East Perth, retrieved 15 July 2024
^ "Pinjarra Gets Flood Reprieve". The Daily News. Vol. LXXI, no. 24, 404. Western Australia. 3 July 1953. p. 1 (FINAL). Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "NEW HARVEY BRIDGE". Harvey Murray Times. Vol. IV, no. 177. Western Australia. 3 December 1937. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Collie Railway Bridge". The South-western News. Vol. XIX, no. 944. Western Australia. 5 May 1922. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Dwellingup Branch". Hotham Valley Tourist Railway. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
^ Gunzburg, Adrian; Austin, Jeff (2008). Rails through the Bush: Timber and Firewood Tramways and Railway Contractors of Western Australia. Perth: Rail Heritage WA.
^ ^a ^b Australind Timetable Transwa
^ Transwa Stopping Place Locations Transwa
^ Cookernup Station Upgrade Public Transport Authority
^ Byford Rail Extension Public Transport Authority
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Draft South West Supply Chain Strategy Department of Transportation
^ "Coal Processing & Delivery". Premier Coal. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

v t e Railway lines in Western Australia
Main lines	Eastern Goldfields Eastern Railway Great Southern Railway South Western Railway Trans-Australian Railway
Goldfields–Esperance	Hopetoun–Ravensthorpe^† Kalgoorlie–Esperance Kalgoorlie–Gnumballa Lake^† Kalgoorlie–Kanowna^† Kalgoorlie–Leonora Malcolm–Laverton^† Kambalda–Redmine
Great Southern	Donnybrook–Katanning^† Elleker–Nornalup^† Katanning–Pingrup^† Tambellup–Ongerup^†
Mid West	Avon Yard–Mullewa^† Cue–Big Bell^† Dongara–Eneabba^† Geraldton–Ajana^† Geraldton–Mullewa Karara Meekatharra-Horseshoe^† Meekatharra–Wiluna^† Millendon Junction–Narngulu Mullewa–Meekatharra^† Mount Magnet–Sandstone^† Upper Chapman Valley^†
Peel	Waroona–Lake Clifton Pinjarra–Narrogin^†
Pilbara	Fortescue Goldsworthy Hamersley & Robe River Marble Bar^† Mount Newman Roy Hill
Perth	Airport Armadale Belmont^† Ellenbrook Fremantle Kalamunda Kwinana freight Mandurah Midland (country) Midland (suburban) Mundaring Mundaring Weir Spearwood–Armadale^† Thornlie Upper Darling Range Yanchep
South West	Boyanup–Flinders Bay^† Brunswick Junction–Narrogin^† Donnybrook–Katanning^† Picton–Northcliffe^† Pinjarra–Narrogin^† Wonnerup–Nannup^†
Wheatbelt	Amery–Kalannie Avon Yard–Mullewa^† Brookton–Corrigin^† Brunswick Junction–Narrogin^† Burakin–Bonnie Rock^† Goomalling–West Merredin^† Lake Grace–Hyden Merredin–Narrogin^† Merredin–Yilliminning^† Pinjarra–Narrogin^† Toodyay West–Miling Wagin–Bowelling^† Wagin–Newdegate Wyalkatchem–Southern Cross^† York–Bruce Rock^†
Tourist and heritage railways	Bennett Brook Hotham Valley Oliver Hill
Timber railway lines	Ballaarat tramline Jarrahdale–Rockingham
Trams and tramways	Baldivis tramway Broome Tramway Carnarvon tram Trams in Fremantle Trams in Kalgoorlie Trams in Perth
Approved by Parliament but not constructed	Boyup Brook–Cranbrook Brookton–Dale River Manjimup–Mount Barker Southern Cross southwards Yarramony eastward Yuna-Dartmoor
^† Denotes railway is closed, partially closed or has been removed See also: Agricultural railways ♦ Wheatbelt railways