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===Kent===
===Kent===
[[Geographer's A–Z Street Atlas|Geographer's A-Z Map Company]] is based in [[Borough Green]]. [[Bovis Homes Group|Bovis Homes]] is near [[Gravesend, Kent|Gravesend]], and in [[Northfleet]] on the B2175, Kimberly-Clark makes enough [[Andrex]] each week to stretch to the [[Moon]]. [[Fairy (brand)|Fairy]] is made by [[Procter & Gamble]] in [[Dartford]], and [[Mazda|Mazda UK]] is based there. [[Bluewater]] in [[Greenhithe]] is the third-largest shopping centre in the UK. [[Shepherd Neame Brewery]] is in [[Faversham]]. [[Brake Bros Ltd]] is in [[Ashford, Kent|Ashford]]. [[Cummins|Cummins Power Generation]] is in [[Acol, Kent|Acol]], near Manston Airport on the [[A299 road|A299]], and [[Pfizer]], the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and manufacturer of [[Anadin]], has its European R&D site in Ramsgate. [[Hornby Railways]] is in [[Margate]]. [[South East Water]] is in [[Snodland]]. The [[Royal Engineers]] and the [[Royal School of Military Engineering]] are based in [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]]. [[Rolex]] since 2010 has had its European headquarters (it moved from [[Bexley]]) at [[Kings Hill]] near [[West Malling]] on the [[A228 road|A228]]; [[Kimberly-Clark]] have their UK HQ there. [[AXA]] [[Personal pension scheme|PPP]] is in [[Tunbridge Wells]].
[[Geographer's A–Z Street Atlas|Geographer's A-Z Map Company]] is based in [[Borough Green]]. [[Bovis Homes Group|Bovis Homes]] is near [[Gravesend, Kent|Gravesend]], and in [[Northfleet]] on the B2175, Kimberly-Clark makes enough [[Andrex]] each week to stretch to the [[Moon]]. [[Fairy (brand)|Fairy]] is made by [[Procter & Gamble]] in [[Dartford]], and [[Mazda|Mazda UK]] is based there. [[Bluewater]] in [[Greenhithe]] is the third-largest shopping centre in the UK. [[Shepherd Neame Brewery]] is in [[Faversham]]. [[Brake Bros Ltd]] is in [[Ashford, Kent|Ashford]]. [[Cummins|Cummins Power Generation]] is in [[Acol, Kent|Acol]], near Manston Airport on the [[A299 road|A299]], and [[Pfizer]], the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and manufacturer of [[Anadin]], has its European R&D site in Sandwich. [[Hornby Railways]] is in [[Margate]]. [[South East Water]] is in [[Snodland]]. The [[Royal Engineers]] and the [[Royal School of Military Engineering]] are based in [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]]. [[Rolex]] since 2010 has had its European headquarters (it moved from [[Bexley]]) at [[Kings Hill]] near [[West Malling]] on the [[A228 road|A228]]; [[Kimberly-Clark]] have their UK HQ there. [[AXA]] [[Personal pension scheme|PPP]] is in [[Tunbridge Wells]].


[[File:Washauto06 mini cooper.jpg|thumb|left|The Mini is made in Cowley]]
[[File:Washauto06 mini cooper.jpg|thumb|left|The Mini is made in Cowley]]

===Oxfordshire===
===Oxfordshire===
[[Oxford University Press]], [[Blackwell UK]], [[Electrocomponents]] and [[Amey plc]] are in [[Oxford]]. Motoring company [[Prodrive]] and [[Kraft Foods Banbury]] ([[Kenco]] coffee) are based in [[Banbury]] along with [[Ascari Cars|Ascari]]. The [[Leadbitter Group]] (construction) and the UK base of [[Miele]] and [[Sophos]] are on the [[Abingdon Science Park]]. BMW assemble the much-lauded [[Mini (marque)|MINI]] at [[Cowley, Oxfordshire|Cowley]], also the base of [[Unipart]]. [[Renault F1]] is in [[Enstone]]. [[Eurocopter|Eurocopter UK]] is at [[London Oxford Airport]]. [[Travelodge UK]] and [[W. Lucy & Co.]], who make [[switchgear]] are in [[Thame]].
[[Oxford University Press]], [[Blackwell UK]], [[Electrocomponents]] and [[Amey plc]] are in [[Oxford]]. Motoring company [[Prodrive]] and [[Kraft Foods Banbury]] ([[Kenco]] coffee) are based in [[Banbury]] along with [[Ascari Cars|Ascari]]. The [[Leadbitter Group]] (construction) and the UK base of [[Miele]] and [[Sophos]] are on the [[Abingdon Science Park]]. BMW assemble the much-lauded [[Mini (marque)|MINI]] at [[Cowley, Oxfordshire|Cowley]], also the base of [[Unipart]]. [[Renault F1]] is in [[Enstone]]. [[Eurocopter|Eurocopter UK]] is at [[London Oxford Airport]]. [[Travelodge UK]] and [[W. Lucy & Co.]], who make [[switchgear]] are in [[Thame]].

Revision as of 18:20, 16 November 2011

This article is about the region. For the European constituency, see South East England (European Parliament constituency).

Template:Infobox England region

South East England is one of the nine official regions of England, designated in 1994 and adopted for statistical purposes in 1999. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex. In common usage, however, the area referred to as the 'south east' can vary considerably.

As with the other regions of England, apart from Greater London, the South East has no elected government and few central powers, the creation of elected regional governments proposed by the Labour Party after its election in 1997 having been aborted. The headquarters for the region's governmental bodies are in Guildford.

Geography

Uffington White Horse on the Berkshire Downs

The largest city in the region (by population) is Brighton and Hove, but the Medway Towns, consisting of Chatham, Gillingham, Strood, Rainham and surrounding towns, are currently preparing for a bid in 2012 for city status, which would mean Medway would be unified formally as one city, of similar size to Brighton and Hove. The dominant influence on the region's economy is neighbouring London. The highest point is Walbury Hill in Berkshire at 297 metres (974 ft).

Historical boundaries

Until 1999, there was a South East Standard Statistical Region, which also included the counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Greater London. The former South East Civil Defence Region covered the same area as the current government office region.

History

Scientific heritage

Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire enabled the Enigma machine to be cracked during the Second World War. The Rocket Propulsion Establishment at Westcott, Buckinghamshire was the development centre of Britain's space programme. The Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough has through the years steered Britain's aircraft research, although most of it is now owned by Qinetiq.

Paraquat the herbicide was discovered in 1955 at the (former ICI) research centre at Jealott's Hill, later producing azoxystrobin (amistar) fungicide in the 1950s.

Culture

Roald Dahl lived for many years in Great Missenden. The region is home to fictional places found in well-known novels such as Watership Down, Hampshire, and Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, better known as Hundred Acre Wood.

Alternative definitions

A notice in Oxford from the Government Office for the South East.

In unofficial usage, the South East can refer to a varying area - sometimes only to London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, and Surrey ; but sometimes to an area corresponding to the former Standard Statistical Region (above), which corresponded approximately to the London commuter belt. Before the creation of the current region, the idea that London was not in the south-east of England would have seemed ridiculous.

Demographics

The population of the region as of the 2001 census was 8,000,550, making it the most populous English region. The major conurbations of the region include Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton (population in 2001 461,000), Portsmouth (442,000), Reading (370,000) and Southampton (304,000).[1] Settlements closer to London are part of the conurbation known as the Greater London Urban Area.

The South East has the highest percentage of people born outside of Britain other than London. 2007 Estimates state 87.2% of people as White British, 4.8% Other White (inc. 1.0% Irish), 3.5% South Asians, 1.5% Mixed Race, 1.6% Black British, 0.7% Chinese, 0.7% Other.[2]

Woodlands Road in Virginia Water, Surrey, has the highest average house price of any street in the region.

Local government

This article is part of a series within the
Politics of the United Kingdom on the
Politics of England
The Crown
Governance
Legislative
Elections
UK General Elections in England
Judiciary
Regions
Administration

The official region consists of the following subdivisions:

Ceremonial county County/ unitary Districts
Berkshire West Berkshire U.A.
Reading U.A.
Wokingham U.A.
Bracknell Forest U.A.
Windsor and Maidenhead U.A.
Slough U.A.
Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire a.) South Bucks, b.) Chiltern, c.) Wycombe, d.) Aylesbury Vale
Milton Keynes U.A.
East Sussex East Sussex a.) Hastings, b.) Rother, c.) Wealden, d.) Eastbourne, e.) Lewes
Brighton & Hove U.A.
Hampshire Hampshire a.) Fareham, b.) Gosport, c.) Winchester, d.) Havant, e.) East Hampshire, f.) Hart, g.) Rushmoor, h.) Basingstoke and Deane, i.) Test Valley, j.) Eastleigh, k.) New Forest
Southampton U.A.
Portsmouth U.A.
Isle of Wight
Kent Kent a.) Dartford, b.) Gravesham, c.) Sevenoaks, d.) Tonbridge and Malling, e.) Tunbridge Wells, f.) Maidstone, g.) Swale, h.) Ashford, i.) Shepway, j.) Canterbury, k.) Dover, l.) Thanet
Medway U.A.
Oxfordshire a.) Oxford, b.) Cherwell, c.) South Oxfordshire, d.) Vale of White Horse, e.) West Oxfordshire
Surrey a.) Spelthorne, b.) Runnymede, c.) Surrey Heath, d.) Woking, e.) Elmbridge, f.) Guildford, g.) Waverley, h.) Mole Valley, i.) Epsom and Ewell, j.) Reigate and Banstead, k.) Tandridge
West Sussex a.) Worthing, b.) Arun, c.) Chichester, d.) Horsham, e.) Crawley, f.) Mid Sussex, g.) Adur

See: List of districts in south east England by population

Politics of the area

The South East of England is the most Conservative voting region of Britain in terms of both seats and votes. The area also has some strong supporting seats for other parties such as Slough and Oxford for Labour, Lewes for the Liberal Democrats and Brighton Pavilion which is held by the Green Party. Buckingham, the seat of Speaker John Bercow, is also in this region. Out of 83 available parliamentary seats, the Conservatives have 74. Although having an overwhelming share of the vote, the Conservatives only gained 49.9% of votes, the Lib Dems 26.2%, and Labour gained 16.2%. Overall there was a swing of 2% from the Lib Dems to the Conservatives, although most of the seats that changed hands were from Labour to Conservative (13 lost and 14 gained).

The South East England Regional Assembly was based on the A3100 road in Guildford near the London Road railway station. It was abolished on 31 March 2009 and replaced with South East England Councils in Kingston upon Thames.



Transport

Most main routes in the region are radials from London. Shown here is the A21. It is one of the major north-south routes connecting London and commuter towns and the coast

The main road transport routes are along the M1 through Buckinghamshire; the M40 through Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire; the M4 through Berkshire and Buckinghamshire; the M2 motorway/A2 and M20 through Kent; the M23 through West Sussex; the M3 through Hampshire. All these routes connect to the M25, which runs near to and occasionally through the region's border with Greater London.

The A34 provides a north-south road link through Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Hampshire. The east-west corridor through the south of the region is provided by the A27 and the M27.

The main intercontinental airport is Gatwick Airport, with regional airports at Kent International Airport (Ramsgate), Shoreham Airport and Southampton Airport. Heathrow Airport is in Greater London but also serves (and is serviced by) the South East region.

The Great Western Main Line passes through Berkshire and southern Buckinghamshire. The South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 pass through Kent; the latter connects to the Channel Tunnel. The Brighton Main Line passes through Surrey and West Sussex. The West Coast Main Line passes through northern Buckinghamshire. The Chiltern Main Line is a major commuter line between Birmingham and London passing through central Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The Port of Dover and the port at Folkestone have many ferry services to France and Belgium.

Transport policy

As part of the transport planning system the Regional Assembly is under statutory requirement to produce a Regional Transport Strategy (RTS) to provide long term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the Highways Agency and Network Rail.[3]

Within the region the local transport authorities carry out transport planning through the use of a Local Transport Plan (LTP) which outlines their strategies, policies and implementation programme.[4] The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006-11. In the South East region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online: Bracknell Forest U.A.,[5] Brighton & Hove U.A.,[6] Buckinghamshire,[7] East Sussex,[8] Hampshire,[9] Isle of Wight,[10] Kent,[11] Medway U.A.,[12] Milton Keynes U.A.,[13] Oxfordshire,[14] Portsmouth U.A.,[15] Reading U.A.,[16] Slough U.A.,[17] Southampton U.A.,[18] Surrey,[19] Windsor and Maidenhead U.A.,[20] Wokingham U.A.[21] and West Sussex.[22]

Economy

The South East of England is a very prosperous area with the second largest regional economy in the UK (after London), valued at £177 billion in 2006.[23] GDP per capita in 2007 was estimated at £22,624, compared with a UK average of £19,956, making South East England the second richest region per capita, behind London.[24] The South East England Development Agency is in Guildford, with another site in Chatham. The region's Manufacturing Advisory Service is on the A30 in Hook, north Hampshire[25] The UKTI service for the region[26] is on Victory Park in Whiteley, off junction 9 of the M27, opposite the Solent Hotel.[27]

There are two strategic health authorities for the region - NHS South East Coast in Horley, Surrey, north-east of Gatwick Airport, and NHS South Central (for the west of the region), on the Newbury Business Park in the east of Newbury, off the A4. Similarly there is the South East Coast Ambulance Service on the B2163 at Coxheath (for Kent), on the A217 at Banstead (for Surrey), and on the A277 in Lewes (for Sussex). The South Central Ambulance Service is headquartered on the B4100 next to Bicester Town railway station, with offices at Otterbourne, Hampshire and Wokingham. The charity-funded air ambulances are Kent Air Ambulance at Marden, Kent; Hampshire & Isle of Wight Air Ambulance at Thruxton, Hampshire; Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance at Dunsfold Aerodrome, Surrey; and the Thames Valley Air Ambulance at RAF Benson.

The region has the largest number of businesses of any region in the UK, and as such would be placed as the 31st largest economy in the world.

Many high technology companies are located near the M3 in Surrey and the M4 in Berkshire. Sun Microsystems have their UK base in Blackwater near Camberley. Microsoft and Oracle have their UK headquarters next door to each other in Reading, as do the Yell Group and Logica (near junction 11 of the M4). Symantec UK is in nearby Whitley. The Gatwick Diamond is also a hub for hi-tech industry, centred at Gatwick Airport with Epsom to the north and Burgess Hill to the south. The largest company, by turnover, in the South East is Vodafone, followed by Ineos.

Berkshire

Horlicks factory in Slough

Companies in Berkshire essentially follow the M4 corridor. PepsiCo have their UK base in Theale as have Nvidia UK and Wolseley, the builders' and plumbers' merchants who own Bathstore and Plumb Center. Harley-Davidson UK is in Pangbourne. Vodafone, High and Mighty and Bayer UK are based in Newbury. The Atomic Weapons Establishment is in Aldermaston on the Hampshire boundary and the Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre is at Thatcham. The Royal School of Military Survey is in Hermitage.

Pentax UK and Groupe SEB UK (owner of Krups, Moulinex, Rowenta, and Tefal) are in Langley near Slough. Mars Limited has a large chocolate factory, run under the name of Effem Holdings Ltd, also in Slough on the enormous Slough Trading Estate, as is ICI Paints, who own Cuprinol, Polyfilla, and Dulux. Horlicks is made by GSK there. Honda UK, Citroën UK, Fiat UK, Douwe Egberts UK (and its owner Sara Lee UK), Research In Motion UK (BlackBerry), Black & Decker Europe, Kidde UK (fire detection), Logitech UK, McAfee UK, Polycom UK, LG Group UK, The Garden Centre Group (former Wyevale), Furniture Village, Amazon UK, Ingres UK, Telefónica O2 Europe UK and Reckitt Benckiser are also in Slough.

Jealott's Hill pesticide research station

Hovis, Nintendo UK, Ben & Jerry's (Unilever), and Morgan Crucible, are in Windsor; Centrica is in Dedworth, next to Windsor Racecourse. Interserve, are based in Twyford, whilst, BG Group, Primark UK, Baumatic UK, Thames Water, Jacobs Engineering UK, Verizon Communications UK and Guide Dogs for the Blind are in Reading. Porsche Cars Great Britain is in nearby Calcot. Bang & Olufsen UK is in Winnersh. Foster Wheeler UK is in Shinfield in the old headquarters of Berkshire County Council, next to the M4, and Trader Media Group is in nearby Earley. The Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) are based at Arborfield Garrison, partly in Barkham. Borland UK and Mabey Group, the bridge manufacturer, are in Twyford and Cawston Vale is in Hurst. Bisham Abbey, on the Thames, is a site of one of the National Sports Centres.

HMV Group, Nortel UK, Hitachi Europe, Hutchison 3G UK, NSK Europe, Weight Watchers UK, The Rank Group (leisure), and Costain are in Maidenhead, and GSK makes Sensodyne, Corsodyl and Macleans there. Toys "R" Us UK and Mattel UK are next to the A404(M). Cable & Wireless, Dell UK, Panasonic UK, BMW UK, HP UK, Syngenta UK, Honeywell UK, IHS UK (owner of Jane's Information Group), Avis Europe (with Budget UK), Novell UK, 3M UK, and Waitrose are in Bracknell. Just to the north, Syngenta have their main worldwide (pesticide) research centre at Jealott's Hill, formerly owned by ICI. The Transport Research Laboratory and Broadmoor Hospital are in Crowthorne.

Surrey

Sheilas' Wheels outside the head office of esure in Reigate

Allianz Insurance have their UK headquarters in Guildford as do Ericsson, Colgate-Palmolive UK, Constellation Brands Europe, Electronic Arts (formerly in Chertsey before 2008), Sanofi-Aventis, the CTC, Surrey Satellite Technology, Avaya UK, and Philips UK. BOC Gases UK are also in Guildford. The former company, now owned by The Linde Group, was based in Windlesham. British Car Auctions is in Farnham. Scotts Garden Chemicals are at Catteshall. Motor company McLaren and McLaren Automotive are based at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking as are the UK base of Yum Restaurants (owner of KFC), SPSS (statistical software), and Capgemini; Tupperware UK is in Knaphill. Canon UK, Esure, Sheilas' Wheels and Kimberley Clark Europe are in Reigate. Scotia Gas Networks is in Horley. Bristow Aviation is at Redhill and the food research centre Campden-BRI is at Nutfield.

In the area straddling the M25, the huge Compass Group is based in Chertsey as is Samsung UK, Siemon UK, the business facilities company Regus, and Britax. Thales Group UK, Juniper Networks UK (routers), and Royal Caribbean Cruises UK are in Addlestone; at Hamm Moor on the A317 is the UK corporate headquarters of Toshiba, with another base in Camberley. Near Weybridge are the UK headquarters of Sony (situated in Byfleet) and Procter & Gamble (next door to each other near the Brooklands racing circuit), the local newspaper group Newsquest, Gallaher Group (cigarettes), Kia Motors UK, Petroleum Geo-Services UK, Yamaha Motors UK; the Central Veterinary Laboratory, which is run by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency, is in New Haw to the west.

Esso UK is based in Leatherhead

Mouchel is in West Byfleet. Air Products UK is in Walton-on-Thames. Atkins, the civil engineering company, and Toyota UK (towards Banstead) are in Epsom. Dairy Crest is in Esher. SHL Group (former Saville & Holdsworth) is just to the north-east at Thames Ditton. Samaritans is in Ewell. Ann Summers is in Whyteleafe near Caterham. Swift Cover, Berkeley Group Holdings and Cargill Europe are in Cobham. Pfizer UK is in Walton-on-the-Hill. Friends Provident and Kuoni Travel are in Dorking. Edmund Nuttall, City Link Ltd., Adaptec UK, Stihl UK, Fluor UK (construction and civil engineering), and Krispy Kreme UK are in Camberley and S.C. Johnson UK is in Frimley Green. Siemens UK, Novartis UK, BAE Systems Integrated System Technologies, and AMD UK are in Frimley, home to the Lakeside Leisure Complex.

ExxonMobil UK (Esso), part of the largest oil company in the world, is in Leatherhead, as is the research centre Leatherhead Food International, Unilever Bestfoods (in Crawley before 2008), Puma UK, the Wates Group, and Robert Dyas. Photo-Me International is in Great Bookham. Although BP has its international headquarters in central London, most of its UK division (chemicals and energy) is headquartered at Sunbury-on-Thames, with Kingston Technology Europe (the world's second largest producer of flash memory), just inside the Surrey boundary, and Chubb Security. Enterprise Rent-a-Car UK is near Thorpe, near to Cemex UK and Thorpe Park (situated on a series of former gravel pits). Shepperton Studios is next to Littleton, Spelthorne. Del Monte Foods UK is in Staines on the side of the A30 and Dalkia UK is on the A308; British Gas is on the A308 in Pooley Green nearby to the west.

Buckinghamshire

Martin Baker Mk 9 ejection seat

George Wimpey, RAF Air Command, Hyundai UK at Wycombe Marsh on the A40, Dreams, the UK base of Ariston (now owned by Indesit), Wilkinson Sword, the food technology centre of Premier Foods and Rank Hovis's HQ, Merisant UK, and Staples are based in High Wycombe; Swedish Match UK (all their matches are made in Sweden) are in Totteridge. Johnson & Johnson UK have their base at Booker next to the M40 near Handy Cross. Kawasaki UK and Psion Teklogix UK are in Bourne End. Wyeth UK (pharmaceuticals) is in Burnham, next to the M4 Huntercombe Spur junction.

The UK base of Robert Bosch is in Denham. Martin-Baker is in Higher Denham, and InterContinental Hotels Group is in Denham Green (formerly in Windsor). Pioneer UK is in Stoke Poges and Cummins have a design plant in Iver, with Pinewood Studios in Iver Heath. Servier Laboratories UK is in Wexham. The Barracuda Group (owner of Varsity), Lexmark UK and Trend Micro UK are in Marlow. GE Healthcare has its world HQ in Little Chalfont. Uniq plc is in Gerrards Cross. NT CADCAM in Haddenham is the UK distributor of the industry-standard SolidWorks CAD software package. Acco UK (stationery) are on the A418 in Aylesbury, opposite Aylesbury College.

Milton Keynes is home to many national companies such as Santander UK operations (née Abbey). The Home Retail Group (Argos and Homebase), Filtrona and BP Oil UK (retail) are in Central Milton Keynes. Rightmove is in Winterhill, Campbell Park. Nearby, on the other side of A5, Leica Geosystems is in Loughton. Further north, Luminar Leisure in Rooksley, Bradwell at the A5/A509 junction near the National Badminton Centre. To the west, the European HQ of WD-40 is in Kiln Farm, Bradwell Abbey. To the north, NEFF UK is in Wolverton and Greenleys. To the east, near the M1 and the A422 in Great Linford, Chrysler UK (Jeep and Dodge), Scania UK (part of VW), Rohan (clothing), and Mercedes-Benz UK (including Smart Cars) are in Tongwell. VAG UK (VW and Audi) is nearby on the other side of the A422 in Blakelands. In the south of Milton Keynes, The Open University is in Walton Hall, in Walton. Domino's Pizza UK and Fisher & Paykel UK (fridges) are in Kingston, Milton Keynes Village. Red Bull Racing is off the A4146 in Tilbrook, Bow Brickhill. Welcome Break is in Newport Pagnell, where Aston Martin had a factory until 2007.

Hampshire

The AA's headquarters at Fanum House in Basingstoke

The Army have a large garrison in Aldershot, with Sandhurst being nearby. Elica also make extractor hoods in Aldershot. Farnborough has many international aerospace companies including BAE Systems and QinetiQ, as well as Nokia UK, Autodesk UK, Sofa Workshop, Johnson Controls UK, and Thomson Local directory. The Ordnance Survey and a factory of Ford are based in Southampton, and Skandia Insurance have their UK base there. B&Q and Draper Tools are based in Chandler's Ford, also Pips Technology (owned by [Federal Signal Corporation]]) who make ANPR cameras. Bacardi-Martini and London Camera Exchange are in Winchester and four miles (6 km) north-west, Arqiva are based in Crawley, Hampshire. Garmin Europe is in Hounsdown just west of Southampton. Esso has its main UK refinery at Fawley (the largest refinery, by production, in the UK). Roke Manor Research Limited at Roke Manor at Romsey Extra developed the Hawk-Eye system in 2001. Chemring Group and the National Air Traffic Services (NATS) are in Whiteley (Swanwick) near Zurich Insurance UK. At Locks Heath is Estée Lauder UK, next to the A27. GE Aviation, on a site which was formerly Folland Aircraft then BAe Aerostructures, has a factory at Hamble-le-Rice which makes composites for airframes and racing cars, using products such as Bismaleimide resin. Best Buy Europe is in Hedge End.

At Southwick House is the home of the Defence College of Policing and Guarding and the Regimental Headquarters of the Royal Military Police, which was where D-Day was planned, being known as SHAEF. VT Group is based in Hedge End, with VT Education & Skills and VT Flagship based in North Harbour, Portsmouth. Much of the Royal Navy is based at HMNB Portsmouth with BAE Systems Surface Ships. IBM is headquartered in Cosham, North Portsmouth, with large laboratories in Hursley House. Raymarine world headquarters are also based in North Portsmouth.

Kenwood Limited is in Havant, and Lockheed Martin U.K. is at the Langstone Technology Park off the A3023, near the A27, at Brockhampton. Virgin Media and Serco Group are based in Hook. The Police Staff College, Bramshill, the Police's main training centre, is nearby to the north. MJ Gleeson, the construction firm, is in Blackwater and Hawley near Fleet, next to the M3.

The AA, Scott Wilson, Genus plc, and Winterthur Life are based in Basingstoke. Also in the town, the pharmaceuticals group Eli Lilly UK is in Norfolk House in Houndmills next to the North Hampshire Hospital. Also in Houndmills are Fyffes UK (next to the railway), and GAME Group, with Gamestation (formerly in York), which it bought in 2007. On the Hampshire International Business Park, next to Chineham, are Shire Pharmaceuticals Group plc and Alberto-Culver UK, and nearby on the Chineham Business Park is the Gas Safe Register (predecessor CORGI was also in Basingstoke). Motorola UK and De La Rue are on the Viables industrial estate next to the M3 and Cranbourne; De La Rue have a main banknote printing works at Overton Mill in Overton, to the west towards the A34, and a holographics factory on the Daneshill industrial estate in the west of the town.

Ineos, the third largest chemicals company in the world, is in Lyndhurst. Twinings (who also own Ovaltine) and Stannah Lifts are in Andover. The Army Air Corps trains at Middle Wallop.

Sussex

Virgin Atlantic

The RSPCA and Campina UK are in Horsham, and Cats Protection is in Haywards Heath. Roche Diagnostics' UK Headquarters and CAE Inc. UK are in Burgess Hill. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars make vehicles at Westhampnett. Vie at Home is at Tangmere. Virgin Atlantic is in Crawley as is Spirent, G4S, Doosan Babcock Energy, Air Miles, Pilz UK and TUI Travel PLC. The Caravan Club is in East Grinstead. The Body Shop is in Littlehampton. Palmer and Harvey is in Hove. American Express UK is in Brighton. Jones Bootmaker head office is based in Eastbourne. Metro Drinks are in Arlington. Southern Water is in Worthing. Ricardo plc, the engineering consultancy, is in Shoreham-by-Sea. Merrydown cider was formerly made in Horam until 2004, when it was bought by SHS Group of Belfast.

Kent

Geographer's A-Z Map Company is based in Borough Green. Bovis Homes is near Gravesend, and in Northfleet on the B2175, Kimberly-Clark makes enough Andrex each week to stretch to the Moon. Fairy is made by Procter & Gamble in Dartford, and Mazda UK is based there. Bluewater in Greenhithe is the third-largest shopping centre in the UK. Shepherd Neame Brewery is in Faversham. Brake Bros Ltd is in Ashford. Cummins Power Generation is in Acol, near Manston Airport on the A299, and Pfizer, the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and manufacturer of Anadin, has its European R&D site in Sandwich. Hornby Railways is in Margate. South East Water is in Snodland. The Royal Engineers and the Royal School of Military Engineering are based in Chatham. Rolex since 2010 has had its European headquarters (it moved from Bexley) at Kings Hill near West Malling on the A228; Kimberly-Clark have their UK HQ there. AXA PPP is in Tunbridge Wells.

The Mini is made in Cowley

Oxfordshire

Oxford University Press, Blackwell UK, Electrocomponents and Amey plc are in Oxford. Motoring company Prodrive and Kraft Foods Banbury (Kenco coffee) are based in Banbury along with Ascari. The Leadbitter Group (construction) and the UK base of Miele and Sophos are on the Abingdon Science Park. BMW assemble the much-lauded MINI at Cowley, also the base of Unipart. Renault F1 is in Enstone. Eurocopter UK is at London Oxford Airport. Travelodge UK and W. Lucy & Co., who make switchgear are in Thame.

RM plc, Kaspersky Lab UK and Smeg UK are at Milton Park. Rowse Honey is in Wallingford. All parachute training for the RAF and Army takes place at RAF Brize Norton. Siemens Magnet Technology (former Oxford Magnet Technology), the main provider of superconducting magnets for MRI scanners, is in Eynsham, and in Witney is Wychwood Brewery (owned by Marstons) which makes Hobgoblin. Oxford Instruments in Marcham on A338. The Joint European Torus is developing fusion power at Culham on a former airfield. Also on the Culham Science Centre at Clifton Hampden, the Skylon (spacecraft) is being developed by Reaction Engines Limited. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Diamond Light Source (built by the Wellcome Trust) are on the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Chilton and East Hendred.

Towards Wiltshire, the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom is in Shrivenham and the Joint Services Command and Staff College is in Watchfield.


Education

Schools

Buckinghamshire, Medway and Kent, and Slough have an almost completely selective education system - not just a few grammar schools as other English areas may have - with secondary modern schools as the alternative. Kent has 33 grammar schools, Buckinghamshire 13, Medway 6 and Slough 4. The other areas are comprehensive. In the top thirty schools at A level, it is almost exclusively selective schools; one or two are sixth form colleges. However, the results for each county as a whole are not always directly related to the number of grammar schools, as Kent and Medway perform under average at A-level.

At GCSE, the area in the South East (and England) with the highest results is consistently Buckinghamshire. Berkshire is split into unitary authorities, and Wokingham, Windsor and Slough have the next best GCSE results. All of Berkshire's unitary authorities have results above the England average, with West Berkshire considerably above average. Schools in Surrey and Hampshire also have consistently good GCSE results, and they are above average in Oxfordshire, West Sussex, Kent, Medway, and East Sussex. There are a small number of districts where results are significantly below average including the unitary authorities of Portsmouth (one of the lowest LEAs in the country), the Isle of Wight, Southampton, Brighton, and the districts of Oxford in Oxfordshire, Adur in West Sussex and Hastings in East Sussex.

At A-level, the region gets lower results than it does at GCSE overall. Reading gets the second best A level results in England (after Sutton in London). Also good results are in Buckinghamshire, Hampshire., West Berkshire, and Wokingham. Also above average are Milton Keynes, Brighton, and Oxfordshire.

School children in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, West Berkshire, Wokingham, Bracknell Forest, Windsor and Maidenhead, and Surrey are most likely to go to university, followed by Hampshire and West Sussex.

There are forty-nine FE colleges in the region. The two main FE colleges are Northbrook College in Sussex and Farnborough College of Technology in Hampshire. Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshore share an LSC (which fund FE colleges), and Sussex has a combined LSC. The region's LSC office was in Reading, looking after five areas.

Universities

Tom Tower of Christ Church College, Oxford

The best known university by far in the region is the University of Oxford, famous for its ornate colleges and its rowing teams on the Thames. Much important research has taken place within its walls. It has been accorded to have the fourth best medicine course in the world, and to be the sixth best university in the world.[28]

Other well-known universities include:

By total HEFCE funding, the biggest university is the Open University, followed by Oxford University.[29] The Open and Oxford each receive around three times as much funding as any other university in the region, and Oxford receives the largest research grant in England (as of 2009). The University of Southampton gets the third largest amount of funding, with the next largest research grant, one of the largest in England. Other universities with a large research grant are Reading, Sussex and Surrey. Oxford gets twice as much total income (around £700 million) as the next largest, Southampton. Surrey and Reading get the next largest total income.

Oxford and Southampton have the most numbers of students, followed by Brighton. For total students in the region, around 45% are from the region and 35% from other regions. For full-time first degree students in the region, over 35% are from the region, 15% are from London, and 10% each are from the East of England and the South-West; in total, around 70% are from the south of England. Very few are fom the North-East or Scotland. Around 35% of the region's native students stay in the region, with 15% going to London and over 10% going to the South-West. In general, for other regions of the UK, the South-East's students are more prepared to study in other regions than those regions' students are prepared to study in the South-East. Once graduated, over 50% stay in the South-East, with 25% going to London, around 5% going to the East of England, and around 10% going to the South-West; around 90% stay in the south of England.

Local media

BBC Research was based until 2010 in Kingswood Warren near Reigate in Surrey on the A217, which was responsible for developing stereo and HD TV broadcasts and teletext

As elsewhere in England, the media landscape in South East England is dominated by national television, radio, newspapers and magazines, most of which are based in London. Local media include:

See also

Template:Satop

References

  1. ^ List of conurbations in the United Kingdom
  2. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "statistics.gov.uk". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  3. ^ "Regional Transport Strategy: the National Picture". Government Office for the South East. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  4. ^ "The LTP Process". Department for Transport. Retrieved 2009-04-28. [dead link]
  5. ^ "Bracknell Forest 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Bracknell Forest Borough Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  6. ^ "Brighton and Hove 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Brighton and Hove City Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  7. ^ "Buckinghamshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Buckinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  8. ^ "East Sussex 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". East Sussex County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  9. ^ "Hampshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  10. ^ "Isle of Wight 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Isle of Wight Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  11. ^ "Kent 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Kent County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28. [dead link]
  12. ^ "Medway 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Medway Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28. [dead link]
  13. ^ "Milton Keynes 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Milton Keynes Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  14. ^ "Oxfordshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Oxfordshire County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  15. ^ "Portsmouth 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Portsmouth City Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  16. ^ "Reading 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Reading Borough Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  17. ^ "Slough 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Slough Borough Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  18. ^ "Southampton 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Southampton City Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  19. ^ "Surrey 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Surrey County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  20. ^ "Windsor and Maidenhead 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Windsor and Maidenhead Council . Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  21. ^ "Wokingham 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". Wokingham Borough Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  22. ^ "West Sussex 2006-11 Local Transport Plan". West Sussex County Council. Retrieved 2009-04-28. [dead link]
  23. ^ "Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform: Impact of RDA spending, March 2009" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  24. ^ "Microsoft Word - Regional GVA FINAL.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  25. ^ Manufacturing Advisory Service
  26. ^ UKTI South East
  27. ^ Solent Hotel
  28. ^ World's best universities
  29. ^ Recurrent grants for 2009-10 then see Table 1 HEFCE
Canterbury Cathedral
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