Sony: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tag: repeating characters |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay |
|||
{{Contains Japanese text}} |
|||
{{Infobox company |
|||
|company_name =Sony Corporation<br />ソニー株式会社 |
|||
|company_logo =[[Image:Sony logo.svg|220px|]] |
|||
|slogan = |
|||
|company_type =[[Public company|Public]]<br /> {{Tyo|6758}} <br /> {{nyse|SNE}} |
|||
|foundation = 1946 in [[Japan]]<ref name="sonycorpinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/|title=Sony Global – Corporate Information|accessdate=2007-07-24}}</ref> |
|||
|founder =[[Masaru Ibuka]]<br />[[Akio Morita]] |
|||
|location = [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]] |
|||
|area_served = Worldwide |
|||
|key_people = [[Howard Stringer]]<small> ([[Chairman]], [[President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])</small><ref name="sonycorpinfo"/>, |
|||
Ryoji Chubachi<small> (Vice Chairman)</small>, |
|||
Nobuyuki Oneda<small> (Executive Vice President and [[Chief financial officer|CFO]])</small> |
|||
|industry =[[Consumer electronics]]<br />[[Entertainment]] |
|||
|products =[[Consumer electronics|Consumer]] & professional electronic equipments<br />Communication & information-related equipments<br />Semiconductor<br />Electronic devices & components<br />[[Battery (electricity)|Battery]]<br />[[Chemical industry|Chemicals]]<br />[[Sony Pictures Entertainment]]<br />[[Sony Music]]<br />[[PlayStation (brand)|PlayStation]]<br />[[Blu-Ray disc|Blu-Ray]] |
|||
|services =[[Financial services]]<br />[[Internet service provider|Internet service]] |
|||
|market cap =[[United States dollar|US$]] 50 Billion (''2009'') |
|||
|revenue ={{increase}} [[Japanese yen|¥]]7.730 trillion / [[US$|$]]79.618 billion <small>(2009)</small><ref name="FY2008 Q4">{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/financial/fr/08q4_sony.pdf|title=Consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, Sony Corporation|format=PDF}}</ref> |
|||
|operating_income ={{decrease}} ¥ −227.8 billion / $2.087 billion <small>(2009)</small><ref name="FY2008 Q4" /> |
|||
|net_income ={{decrease}} ¥ −98.9 billion / $1.019 billion <small>(2009)</small><ref name="FY2008 Q4" /> |
|||
|assets ={{increase}} $230.5 billion <small>(2009)</small> |
|||
|equity ={{increase}} $50 billion <small>(2009)</small> |
|||
|num_employees =180,500 <small>(as of March 2008)</small><ref name="sonycorpinfo"/> |
|||
|subsid =[[Sony Corporation shareholders and subsidiaries|List of the subsidiaries]] |
|||
|homepage =[http://www.sony.net/index.html?tID=worldmap Sony.net] |
|||
|footnotes = |
|||
}} |
|||
[[File:Sonyheadoffice.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Sony City]], Sony Corporation Headquarters in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]]]] |
|||
[[File:Sony Building Japan 2006 - Tokyo - Ginza.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Sony Building]] in the [[Ginza]] area of [[Chūō, Tokyo]]]] |
|||
{{nihongo|'''Sony Corporation''' (commonly referred to as '''Sony''')|[[Japanese language|Japanese]]: ソニー株式会社|Sonī [[Kabushiki Kaisha]]}} ({{Tyo|6758}}) is a [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] corporation headquartered in [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]], and one of the world's largest [[media conglomerate]]s with [[revenue]] exceeding [[Japanese yen|¥]] 7.730.0 trillion, or $78.88 billion U.S. (FY2008).<ref name="FY2008 Q4" /> Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of [[electronics]], [[video]], [[communication]]s, [[video game console]]s, and [[information technology]] products for the consumer and professional markets. Its founders Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka derived the name from ''[[sonus]]'', the [[Latin]] word for sound, and also from the English slang word 'sonny', since they considered themselves to be 'sonny boys', a [[loan word]] into [[Japanese Language|Japanese]] which in the early 1950's connoted smart and presentable young men.<ref name="SonyHistory">[http://www.sony.co.jp/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/ Sony Corporate History (Japanese)]</ref> |
|||
Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the [[Sony Group]], which is engaged in business through its five operating segments – electronics, games, entertainment (motion pictures and music), financial services and other. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation ([[Sony Electronics]] in the U.S.), [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]], [[Sony Computer Entertainment]], [[Sony Music Entertainment]], [[Sony Ericsson]], and [[Sony Financial]]. As a semiconductor maker, Sony is among the [[Semiconductor sales leaders by year|Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders]]. The company's current slogan is ''make.believe.''<ref name="make.believe">{{cite web | title = Sony Introduces "make.believe" Unified brand message signifies Sony's spirit of creativity and ability to turn ideas into reality | publisher = Sony Global Headquarters | url = http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200909/09-100E/index.html | accessdate = 2009-09-03 }}</ref> |
|||
== History == |
|||
[[Image:Tobei.gif|thumb|left|[[Masaru Ibuka]], the co-founder of Sony]] |
|||
In late 1945, after [[World War II]], [[Masaru Ibuka]] started a [[radio]] repair shop in a bomb-damaged department store building in [[Nihonbashi]] of Tokyo. The next year, he was joined by his colleague, [[Akio Morita]], and they founded a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo K.K.,<ref name=History>{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-1/h2.html|title=Sony Global – Sony History|accessdate=2007-02-16}}</ref> which translates in English to Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. The company built Japan's first [[tape recorder]] called the Type-G.<ref name=History/> |
|||
In the early 1950s, Ibuka traveled in the [[United States]] and heard about [[Bell Labs]]' invention of the [[transistor]].<ref name=History/> He convinced Bell to license the transistor technology to his Japanese company. While most American companies were researching the transistor for its military applications, Ibuka and Morita looked to apply it to communications. Although the American companies Regency and [[Texas Instruments]] built the first transistor radios, it was Ibuka's company that made them commercially successful for the first time.''' |
|||
In August 1955, Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo released the Sony [[TR-55]], Japan's first commercially produced [[transistor radio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/sonyhistory-b.html|title=Sony Global – Product & Technology Milestones-Radio|accessdate=2002-12-16}}</ref> They followed up in December of the same year by releasing the Sony TR-72, a product that won favor both within Japan and in export markets, including [[Canada]], [[Australia]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]]. Featuring six transistors, push-pull output and greatly improved sound quality, the TR-72 continued to be a popular seller into the early sixties.''' |
|||
In May 1956, the company released the TR-6, which featured an innovative slim design and sound quality capable of rivaling portable tube radios. It was for the TR-6 that Sony first contracted "Atchan", a cartoon character created by Fuyuhiko Okabe, to become its [[advertising character]]. Now known as "Sony Boy", the character first appeared in a cartoon ad holding a TR-6 to his ear, but went on to represent the company in ads for a variety of products well into the mid-sixties.<ref name=History/> The following year, 1957, Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo came out with the TR-63 model, then the smallest (112 × 71 × 32 mm) transistor radio in commercial production. It was a worldwide commercial success.<ref name=History/> |
|||
[[University of Arizona]] professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D., says, "Sony was not first, but its transistor radio was the most successful. The TR-63 of 1957 cracked open the U.S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics." By the mid 1950s, American teens had begun buying portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1968. |
|||
Sony's headquarters moved to [[Minato, Tokyo]] from [[Shinagawa, Tokyo]] around the end of 2006.<ref>Suzuki, Kyoko. "[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=azBEylva8E7Q&refer=japan Sony Considers Sale of Properties Including Former Headquarters]." ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. 3 August 2006. Retrieved on 19 January 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-29454749_ITM Sony to close symbol of TV business.]." ''Kyodo News International''. 1 February 2007. Retrieved on 19 January 2009.</ref> |
|||
=== Origin of name === |
|||
When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a romanized name to use to market themselves, they strongly considered using their initials, TTK. The primary reason they did not is that the railway company [[Tokyu Corporation|Tokyo Kyuko]] was known as TKK.<ref name=History/> The company occasionally used the acronym "Totsuko" in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that Americans had trouble pronouncing that name. Another early name that was tried out for a while was "Tokyo Teletech" until Morita discovered that there was an American company already using Teletech as a brand name.<ref>''[[Made in Japan (biography)|Made in Japan]]'' – Akio Morita and Sony (pg. 76) by [[Akio Morita]] with [müzik indir][http://www.indiristan.net/ müzik indir] Edwin M. Rheingold and Mitsuko Shimomura, Signet Books, 1986</ref> |
|||
The name "Sony" was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words. One was the [[Latin]] word ''Sonus'' which is the root of "sonic" and "sound" and the other was "sonny," a familiar term used in 1950s America to call a boy.<ref name="SonyHistory"/> The first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955 but the company name didn't change to Sony until January 1958.<ref>[http://www.sony.co.uk/article/id/1060176719725 Sony.co.uk. About Sony. ''The History of the Sony Corporation'']</ref> |
|||
At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use [[Romanization of Japanese|Roman letters]] instead of [[kanji]] to spell its name. The move was not without opposition: TTK's principal bank at the time, [[Mitsui]], had strong feelings about the name. They pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. [[Akio Morita]] was firm, however, as he did not want the company name tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Bank's chairman gave their approval.<ref name=History/> |
|||
== Products, technologies and proprietary formats == |
|||
{{See|List of Sony trademarks}} |
|||
Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies. The most infamous of these was the [[videotape format war]] of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed the [[Betamax]] system for video cassette recorders against the [[VHS]] format developed by [[JVC]]. In the end, VHS gained critical mass in the marketplace and became the worldwide standard for consumer VCRs and Sony adopted the format. While Betamax is for all practical purposes an obsolete format, a professional-oriented [[component video]] format called [[Betacam]] that was derived from Betamax is still used today, especially in the film and television industry. |
|||
In 1968 Sony introduced the [[Trinitron]] [[brand|brand name]] for its line of [[aperture grille]] [[cathode ray tube]] [[television]]s and (later) [[Visual display unit|computer monitors]]. Trinitron displays are still produced, but only for markets such as [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] and [[China]]. Sony discontinued the last Trinitron-based television set in the USA in early 2007. Trinitron computer monitors were discontinued in 2005. |
|||
Sony launched the [[Betamax]] [[videocassette recorder|videocassette recording]] format in 1975. In 1979 the [[Walkman]] brand was introduced, in the form of the world's first portable music player. |
|||
1982 saw the launch of Sony's professional [[Betacam]] videotape format and the collaborative [[Compact Disc]] format. In 1983 Sony introduced 90 mm micro diskettes (better known as {{convert|3.5|in|mm|adj=on}} [[floppy disk]]s), which it had developed at a time when there were 4" floppy disks and a lot of variations from different companies to replace the then on-going 5.25" floppy disks. Sony had great success and the format became dominant; 3.5" floppy disks gradually became obsolete as they were replaced by current media formats. In 1983 Sony launched the [[MSX]], a home computer system, and introduced the world (with their counterpart [[Philips]]) to the [[Compact Disc]] or CD. In 1984 Sony launched the [[Discman]] series which extended their Walkman brand to portable CD products. In 1985 Sony launched their Handycam products and the [[8 mm video format|Video8 format]]. Video8 and the follow-on hi-band [[8 mm video format|Hi8]] format became popular in the consumer camcorder market. In 1987 Sony launched the 4 mm DAT or [[Digital Audio Tape]] as a new digital audio tape standard. |
|||
[[File:Discman D121.jpg|thumb|right|Sony [[Discman]]]] |
|||
In addition to developing consumer-based recording media, after the launch of the [[Compact Disc|CD]] Sony began development of commercially based recording media. In 1986 they launched Write-Once [[optical disc]]s (WO) and in 1988 launched [[Magneto-optical drive|Magneto-optical disc]]s which were around 125MB size for the specific use of archival data storage.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-21/h4.html| title = Sony History on development of Magneto Optical Discs| accessdate = 2007-02-06| year = 2007}}</ref> |
|||
In the early 1990s two high-density optical storage standards were being developed: one was the MultiMedia Compact Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density disc (SD), supported by [[Toshiba]] and many others. Philips and Sony abandoned their MMCD format and agreed upon Toshiba's SD format with only one modification based on MMCD technology, viz [[Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation|EFMPlus]]. The unified disc format was called [[DVD]] which was marketed in 1997. |
|||
Sony introduced the [[MiniDisc]] format in 1993 as an alternative to [[Philips]] DCC or [[Digital Compact Cassette]]. Since the introduction of MiniDisc, Sony has attempted to promote its own audio compression technologies under the [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding|ATRAC]] brand, against the more widely used [[MP3]]. Until late 2004, Sony's [[Walkman#Network Walkman|Network Walkman]] line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 de facto standard natively, although the provided software [[SonicStage]] would convert MP3 files into the ATRAC or ATRAC3 formats. |
|||
[[File:Sonybraviahdtv.JPG|thumb|right|Sony's [[BRAVIA]] series [[High-definition television|HDTV]]]] |
|||
In 1993, Sony challenged the industry standard [[Dolby Digital]] 5.1 surround sound format with a newer and more advanced proprietary motion picture digital audio format called [[Sony Dynamic Digital Sound|SDDS]] (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound). This format employed eight channels (7.1) of audio opposed to just six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Unlike Dolby Digital, SDDS utilized a method of backup by having mirrored arrays of bits on both sides of the film which acted as a measure of reliability in case the film was partially damaged. Ultimately, SDDS has been vastly overshadowed by the preferred DTS ([[DTS (sound system)|Digital Theatre System]]) and Dolby Digital standards in the motion picture industry. SDDS was solely developed for use in the theatre circuit; Sony never intended to develop a home theatre version of SDDS. |
|||
[[File:SCPH-75000CB.jpg|thumb|left|The [[PlayStation 2#Slimline|Slimline PlayStation 2]]]] |
|||
In 1998, Sony launched their [[Memory Stick]] format; [[flash memory]] cards for use in Sony lines of digital cameras and portable music players. It has seen little support outside of Sony's own products with [[Secure Digital card]]s (SD) commanding considerably greater popularity . This is due in part to the SD format's greater throughput (which allows faster devices), higher capacities, and significantly lower price per unit capacity compared to Memory Sticks available at the same time. Sony has made updates to the Memory Stick format with [[Memory Stick#Memory Stick Duo and PRO Duo|Memory Stick Duo]] and [[Memory Stick#Memory Stick Micro|Memory Stick Micro]]. |
|||
Sony and Philips jointly developed the Sony-Philips digital interface format ([[S/PDIF]]) and the high-fidelity audio system [[Super Audio CD|SACD]]. The latter has since been entrenched in a format war with [[DVD-Audio]]. At present, neither has gained a major foothold with the general public. CDs are preferred by consumers because of ubiquitous presence of CD drives in consumer devices. |
|||
In 1994 Sony launched the [[PlayStation]] (later ''PS one''). This successful console was succeeded by the [[PlayStation 2]] in 2000, itself succeeded by the [[PlayStation 3]] in 2006. The PlayStation 2 has become the most successful video game console of all time. It has sold a total of over 140 million units and still going. The PlayStation brand was extended to the portable games market in 2005 by the [[PlayStation Portable]] (PSP) and in [[2009]], the [[PSP go]]. Sony developed the [[Universal Media Disc]] (UMD) optical disc medium for use on the PlayStation Portable. Although Sony tried to push the UMD format for movies, major-studio support for the format was cut back in spring 2006, though as of 2009 some major-studio titles continue to be released on UMD. |
|||
[[File:SonyStyleEaston.JPG|thumb|right|Sony's retail store, Sony Style]] |
|||
[[File:Sony Vaio-show-20080915.jpg|thumb|right|Sony [[VAIO]] fashion show in 2008]] |
|||
In 2004, Sony built upon the [[MiniDisc]] format by releasing [[MiniDisc#Hi-MD|Hi-MD]]. Hi-MD allows the playback and recording of audio on newly-introduced 1 GB Hi-MD discs in addition to playback and recording on regular MiniDiscs. Recordings on the Hi-MD Walkmans can be transferred to and from the computer virtually unrestricted, unlike earlier [[MiniDisc#NetMD|NetMD]]. In addition to saving audio on the discs, Hi-MD allows the storage of computer files such as documents, videos and photos. Hi-MD introduced the ability to record CD-quality audio with a linear PCM recording feature. It was the first time since MiniDisc's introduction in 1992 that the [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding|ATRAC]] [[codec]] could be bypassed and lossless CD-quality audio could be recorded on the small discs. |
|||
Sony was one of the leading developers and remains one of the strongest proponents of the [[Blu-ray Disc]] optical disc format, which eventually emerged as the market leader over the competing standard, [[Toshiba]]'s [[HD DVD]], after a 2 year-long format war. The first Blu-ray players became commercially available in June 2006, and Sony's first Blu-ray player, the [[Sony BDP-S1]], debuted in December 2006 with an MSRP of US $999.95. By the end of 2007 the format had the backing of every major motion picture studio except Universal, Paramount, and Dreamworks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/games/archives/2007/08/22/paramount_drops_bluray_michael_bay_drops_paramount.html| title = Paramount drops Blu-ray, Michael Bay drops Paramount| accessdate = 2007-08-22| year = 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/technology/AP-Dueling-DVD-Formats.html?ex=1345262400&en=4da66f6caca393b6&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss| title = Paramount to Drop Blu-Ray HD DVDs| accessdate = 2007-08-22| year = 2007}}{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://blog.washingtonpost.com/fasterforward/2007/08/highdefinition_disc_disarray_c.html| title = High-Definition Disc Disarray (Cont'd.)| accessdate = 2007-08-22 | year = 2007}}</ref> The Blu-ray format's popularity continued to increase, solidifying its position as the dominant HD media format, and Toshiba announced its decision to stop supporting HD DVD on 19 February 2008. |
|||
On 10 September 2007 Sony unveiled ''[[Rolly (Sony)|Rolly]],'' an [[egg (biology)|egg]]-shaped [[digital]] [[robotics|robotic]] [[Audio player (software)|music player]] which has colour lights that flash as it “''dances''” and has flapping wings that can twist to its [[Music|tunes]]. Movements along with the music downloaded from personal [[computer]]s and [[Bluetooth]] can be set. Rolly, which went on sale in [[Japan]] on 29 September 2007, has one [[gigabyte]] of [[memory]] to store tunes. Sony also developed dog-shaped robots called [[AIBO]] and [[humanoid]]s and [[QRIO]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070920052814/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=27&ContentID=40047 News.com.au, Sony unveils new twisting music player]</ref> |
|||
In summary, Sony has over the years introduced these standards: Umatic (~1968), Betamax (1975), Betacam (81), Compact Disc (82), 3.5 inch Floppy Disk (82), Video8 (85), DAT (87), Hi8 (88), Minidisc (~90), Digital Betacam (~90), miniDV (92), Memory Stick (98), Digital8 (99), PSP Universal Media Disc (~2003), HDV (~2004), Blu-ray Disc (2006). |
|||
== Management == |
|||
[[Image:Howard Stringer.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sony's current CEO, president and chairman Sir [[Howard Stringer]]]] |
|||
On 22 June 2005, [[Nobuyuki Idei]] stepped down as Sony Corp. Chairman and Group CEO and was replaced by Howard Stringer, then Chairman and CEO of Sony Corporation of America, Corporate Executive Officer, Vice Chairman and COO Sony Entertainment Business Group. Sony's decision to replace Idei with the British Howard Stringer marked the first time that a foreigner has run a major Japanese electronics firm. On the same date, [[Kunitake Ando]] stepped down as President and was replaced by Ryoji Chubachi.<ref>[http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200503/05-014E/index.html Sony Corporation Announces New Management Structure]. Sony.net. Retrieved 7 March 2005.</ref> |
|||
=== Mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures === |
|||
*1987 – On 18 November, Sony acquired CBS Records Group from [[CBS]]. It was renamed "[[Sony Music Entertainment]]" in 1991. |
|||
*1989 – 28 September; Acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment from [[The Coca-Cola Company]] for US$3.4 billion. It was subsequently renamed "[[Sony Pictures Entertainment]]" in 1991. |
|||
*1989 – 29 September; Acquired The Guber-Peters Entertainment Company for $200 million. |
|||
*1993 – Acquired [[SCE Studio Liverpool|Psygnosis Limited]] a computer games company based in Liverpool, UK. Psygnosis director Ian Hetherington was made Managing Director of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe <ref>{{cite web| url = http://home.iprimus.com.au/danmcpharlin/purpleowl/psygnosis-history.html| title = The Purple Owl – Psygnosis History| accessdate = 2007-02-05| year = 2007}}</ref> |
|||
*1995 – [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]], a 50:50 joint venture of [[Sony Corporation of America]] and [[Michael Jackson]]. |
|||
*1997 – [[Sony Mobile Display|ST Liquid Crystal Display Corporation]] (STLCD), a 50:50 joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[Toyota Industries]]. |
|||
*2001 – [[Sony Ericsson]], a 50:50 joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[Ericsson]] AB, was established on 1 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cisionwire.com/ericsson/sony-ericsson-mobile-communications-established-today|title=Ericsson – press release|publisher=Cision Wire|accessdate=2001-10-01}}</ref> |
|||
*2002 – [[Aiwa]] Corporation in October. |
|||
*2004 – [[S-LCD]], a joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[Samsung Electronics]] (Samsung Electronics: 50% plus 1 share, Sony: 50% minus 1 share) was established in April. |
|||
*2004 – On 20 July, the [[European Union]] approved a 50–50 merger between [[Sony Music Entertainment]] and [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]. The new company was named [[Sony BMG|Sony BMG Music Entertainment]] and, as of 2005, holds a 21.5% share in the global music market, behind worldwide leader [[Universal Music Group]], which has a 25.5% share. |
|||
*2005 – On 8 April, The MGM Company ([[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] and [[United Artists]]) was acquired by a Sony-led consortium ([[Providence Equity Partners]] 29%, [[TPG Capital]] 21%, Sony 20%, [[Comcast]] 20%, [[Credit Suisse|DLJ Merchant Banking Partners]] 7% and [[Quadrangle Group]] 3%) finalized the deal to purchase the film studio for about $4.8 billion, including $2bn in debts from Armenian-American [[Kirk Kerkorian]]. |
|||
*2006 – [[Sony Optiarc|Sony NEC Optiarc Inc]], a 55:45 (Sony 55%, [[NEC]] 45%) joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[NEC]] Corporation, was established in April. |
|||
*2006 – Obtained an option to acquire half of Michael Jackson's 50% stake in Sony/ATV Music Publishing. |
|||
*2006 – Acquired digital Single Lens Reflex ([[Digital single-lens reflex camera|Digital SLR]]) cameras section from [[Konica Minolta]] including digital camera support and servicing. |
|||
*2006 – Acquired Grouper Networks (now [[Crackle|Crackle, Inc.]]), a [[Sausalito, California|Sausalito]]-based startup company that created a user generated video sharing platform and P2P technology for $65M. |
|||
*2006 – Field Emission Technologies Inc., a [[Spin out|carve-out]] of Sony's nano-Spindt FED technology. Established in December 2006 by Technology Carve-Out Investment LLP (62.2%) and Sony (37.8%). |
|||
*2007 – Qreatic Design Inc, a 50:50 joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[Qimonda]] AG. |
|||
*2007 – Moversa GmbH, a 50:50 joint venture of Sony Corporation and [[NXP Semiconductors]]. |
|||
*2008 – Acquired [[Gracenote]], Inc. for $260M.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gracenote.com/company_info/press/042208/|title=Sony Corporation of America to Acquire Gracenote|publisher=Gracenote|accessdate=2008-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gracenote.com/company_info/press/060208/|title=Sony Corporation of America Completes Gracenote Acquisition|publisher=Gracenote|accessdate=2008-06-22}}</ref> |
|||
*2008 – Acquired [[Bertelsmann|Bertelsmann AG]]'s 50% stake in Sony BMG Music Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200808/08-0805E/index.html|title=Sony to Purchase Bertelsmann's 50% Stake in Sony BMG|publisher=Sony Corporation|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.com/SCA/press/081001.shtml|title=Sony Completes Acquisition of Bertelsmann’s 50% Stake in Sony BMG Music Company Becomes Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America|publisher=Sony Corporation|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref> |
|||
*2009 – Sharp Display Products Corporation (SDP), a joint venture of [[Sharp Corporation]] (92.96%) and Sony Corporation (7.04%). Sony will make additional capital injections to SDP, resulting in a maximum 34% ownership by Sony of SDP by the end of April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sharp-world.com/corporate/news/090730.html|title=Sharp and Sony Enter into Definitive Agreement regarding Joint Venture to Produce and Sell Large-Sized LCD Panels and Modules |publisher=Sharp Corporation|accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref> SDP produces large-sized LCD panels and modules using the 10th generation glass substrates at the Sharp Green Front Sakai in the Sakai-Semboku Industrial Complex, [[Sakai, Osaka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sharp-world.com/corporate/news/091001.html|title=Operations Begin at World’s First LCD Panel Plant Employing 10th-Generation Glass Substrates |publisher=Sharp Corporation|accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref> |
|||
*2010 – Acquired Convergent Media Systems Corporation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/corporate_news/release/56371.html|title=Sony Electronics acquires Convergent Media Systems |publisher=Sony Electronics Inc.|accessdate=2010-02-09}}</ref> |
|||
*2010 – Acquired iCyt Mission Technology, Inc., a producer of [[Flow cytometry|flow cytometer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.i-cyt.com/news/2010/sony-icyt-merger.htm|title=Sony Enters the Flow Cytometry Business in Life Science Field by Acquiring iCyt |publisher=iCyt Mission Technology|accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref> |
|||
=== Manufacturing base === |
|||
Slightly more than 50% of the electronics' segment's total annual production during the fiscal year 2005 took place in Japan, including the production of digital cameras, video cameras, flat panel televisions, personal computers, semiconductors and components such as batteries and Memory Sticks. Approximately 65% of the annual production in Japan was destined for other regions. China accounted for slightly more than 10% of total annual production, approximately 70% of which was destined for other regions. |
|||
Asia, excluding Japan and China, accounted for slightly more than 10% of total annual production with approximately 60% destined for Japan, the US and the EU. The Americas and Europe together accounted for the remaining slightly less than 25% of total annual production, most of which was destined for local distribution and sale.<ref>http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/financial/ar/2006/qfhh7c00000akslc-att/qfhh7c00000aksmr.pdf</ref> |
|||
Global slowdown affects this year, Sony Corp suffered its first annual loss in 14 years and could be grimmer in upcoming years too.<ref>[http://www.iwriteishare.com/index.php/business-mainmenu-29/economics-mainmenu-44/26-economics/514-sony-corp-faced-loss-first-time-in-14-years iwriteishare.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
==Controversy== |
|||
{{Criticism section|date=August 2009}} |
|||
===Fictitious movie reviewer=== |
|||
In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, [[David Manning (fictitious writer)|David Manning]], who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures, which generally received poor reviews amongst real critics.<ref name="critic">{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3524759.stm | publisher = BBC News | title = Legal fight over fake film critic |date= 2 March 2004}}</ref> |
|||
=== Malicious software (spyware) === |
|||
{{Main|Sony BMG CD copy protection scandal}} |
|||
In October 2005, it was revealed by [[Mark Russinovich]] of [[Winternals|Sysinternals]] that [[Sony BMG]]'s music CDs had installed a [[rootkit]] on the user's computer as a [[digital rights management|DRM]] measure (called [[Extended Copy Protection]] by its creator, British company [[Fortium Technologies|First 4 Internet]]), which was difficult to detect or remove.<ref>[http://www.eff.org/IP/DRM/Sony-BMG/ Sony BMG Litigation Info]. EFF.org. Electronic Frontier Foundation.</ref> This constitutes a crime in many countries, and poses a major security risk to affected users. The uninstaller Sony initially provided removed the rootkit, but in turn installed a [[phoning home|dial-home]] program that posed an even greater security risk. Sony eventually provided an actual uninstaller that removed all of Sony's DRM program from the user's computer. Sony BMG faced several class action lawsuits regarding this matter.<ref> [[n:Sony faces class action lawsuits for DRM|Sony faces class action lawsuits for DRM]]. Wikinews. |
|||
</ref> |
|||
On 31 January 2007, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission issued a [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2007/01/sony.htm news release] announcing that Sony BMG had agreed to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that Sony BMG committed several offenses against United States federal law. This settlement required that Sony BMG allow consumers to exchange the CDs through 30 June 2007, and to reimburse consumers for up to $150 for the repair of damage to their computers that they may have incurred while removing the software. |
|||
===Digital Rights Management=== |
|||
In 2006 Sony started using [[ARccOS Protection]] on some of their film DVDs, which caused compatibility problems with some DVD players – including models manufactured by Sony. After complaints, Sony was forced to issue a recall.<ref>[http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070418-sony-to-replace-incompatible-dvds.html Sony admits, fixes problem with DVD DRM]. Arstechnica.com.</ref> |
|||
In August 2007, security firm F-Secure reported that the MicroVault USB thumb drive installs a rootkit in a hidden directory without consent on user computers. The directory is intended to protect fingerprint data, however it can be used for malicious means as most virus scanners will not search for the directory or its contents.<ref>[http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/hardware/soa/Sony-continues-supplying-rootkit-like-software-/0,130061702,339281600,00.htm Sony continues supplying rootkit-like software]. ZDnet.com.au.</ref> Sony advised it was conducting an investigation on the third-party product, and would offer a fix by mid-September.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6975838.stm Sony confirms security problem]. BBC News.</ref> |
|||
In September 2009 Sony had its Mexican office raided by police to recover over 6000 CDs, masters and artwork, by the popular Latin American artist [[Alejandro Fernández]]. Fernández's lawyers claimed that Sony was in breach of contract as Fernández had been contracted to Sony for seven albums and the recordings were an eighth album made after the contract had expired.<ref>[http://torrentfreak.com/sony-music-office-raided-090907/ Pirated Artist Orders Police Raid on Sony Music Office]</ref> |
|||
=== Controversial advertisements === |
|||
Sony admitted in late 2005 to hiring [[graffiti]] artists to spray paint advertisements for their [[PlayStation Portable]] game system in seven major U.S. cities including [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], and [[San Francisco]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4567236.stm Graffiti ads spark debate in US]. BBC News.</ref> The mayor of Philadelphia filed a [[cease and desist]] order. According to Sony, they paid businesses and building owners for the right to graffiti their walls.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,69741,00.html Wired News]</ref> As of early January 2006, Sony had no plans to keep or withdraw them. |
|||
In July 2006, Sony released a Dutch advertising campaign featuring a white model dressed entirely in white and a black model garbed in black. The first ad featured the white model clutching the face of the black model. The words "White is coming" headlined one of the ads. The ad has been viewed as racist by critics.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony ad causes white riot |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/games/archives/2006/07/05/sony_ad_casues_white_riot.html |publisher=Guardian Unlimited: Gamesblog |date=2006-07-05 |accessdate=2006-07-06}}</ref> A Sony spokesperson responded that the ad does not have a racist message, saying that it was only trying to depict the contrast between the black PSP model and the new ceramic white PSP. Other pictures of the ad campaign include the black model overpowering the white model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony's racially charged PSP ad |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2006/07/04/ad-critic-sonys-racially-charged-psp-ad/ |publisher=Joystiq.com |date=2006-07-04 |accessdate=2006-07-07}}</ref> |
|||
In November 2006, a marketing company employed by Sony created a website entitled "All I want for Xmas is a PSP", designed to promote the [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]] through [[viral marketing]]. The site contained a blog, which was purportedly written by "Charlie", a teenager attempting to get his friend "Jeremy"'s parents to buy him a PSP, providing links to t-shirt iron-ons, Christmas cards, and a "music video" of either Charlie or Jeremy "rapping". However, visitors to the website soon discovered that the website was registered to a marketing company, exposing the site on sites such as [[YouTube]] and [[digg]], and Sony was forced to admit the site's true origin in a post on the blog, stating that they would from then on "stick to making cool products" and that they would use the website for "the facts on the [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]]". The site has since been taken down. In an interview with next-gen.biz, Sony admitted that the idea was "poorly executed".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony: PSP Viral Campaign 'Poorly Executed' |url=http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4397&Itemid=2/ |publisher=next-gen.biz/ |date=2006-12-13 |accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> |
|||
=== Legal === |
|||
In 2002, Sony Computer Entertainment America, marketer of the popular [[PlayStation]] game consoles, was sued by [[Immersion Corporation]] of [[San Jose, California]] which claimed that Sony's PlayStation "Dual Shock" controllers infringed on Immersion's patents. In 2004, a federal jury agreed with Immersion, awarding the company US$82 million in damages. A U.S. district court judge ruled on the matter in March 2005 and not only agreed with the federal jury's ruling but also added another US$8.7 million in damages. This is likely the reason that the [[Sixaxis]] controller for the PlayStation 3 had no rumble feature. The [[DualShock|DualShock 3]] has since been made available for the [[PlayStation 3]], reintroducing rumble capabilities. [[Microsoft]] Corp. was also sued for its [[Xbox]] controller, however, unlike Sony, they settled out of court so they could continue using the technology for the follow-up [[Xbox 360]].<ref>''Washington Post:'' [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6261-2005Mar28.html Pay Judgment Or Game Over, Sony Warned]</ref> |
|||
A California judge ordered Sony to pay Immersion a licensing fee of 1.37 percent per quarter based on the sales of PlayStation units, Dual Shock controllers, and a selection of PlayStation 2 games that use Immersion's technology. |
|||
In 2008, Sony Computer Electronics, faces a multi-million dollar lawsuit for consumer fraud in misrepresenting consumer rights to customers in America over product engraving. Customers were told they had to send in defective merchandise for repair rather than refund or replacement. {{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} |
|||
=== Laptop batteries dysfunction=== |
|||
In April 2006, a Sony laptop battery exploded in Japan and caught fire. A Japanese couple in Tokyo sued both Sony and [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] Japan for over ¥2 million ($16,700 USD) regarding the incident. The suit argues that the man suffered burns on his finger when the battery burst into flames while being used, and his wife had to be treated for mental distress due to the incident.<ref name="Engadget 2007-7-25">{{citenews|title=Japanese couple sues Sony and Apple over burning battery|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/07/25/japanese-couple-sues-sony-and-apple-over-burning-battery/|publisher=Engadget|date=2007-07-25|accessdate=2007-07-25}}</ref> |
|||
On 14 August 2006, Sony and [[Dell]] admitted to major flaws in several Sony [[Lithium-ion battery|batteries]] that could result in the battery overheating and catching fire. As a result they recalled over 4.1 million laptop batteries in the largest computer-related recall to that point in history. The cost of this recall is being shared between [[Dell]] and Sony. Dell also confirmed that one of its laptops caught fire in Illinois.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dell Details on Notebook Battery Recall |url=http://www.direct2dell.com/one2one/archive/2006/08/14/1803.aspx |publisher=Direct2Dell |date=2006-08-14 |accessdate=2006-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dell announces recall of 4.1 million laptop batteries |url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2006/08/14/dell-recall.html |publisher=CBC News |date=2006-08-14 |accessdate=2006-09-28}}</ref> This recall also prompted Japan's [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] to order the companies to investigate the troubles with the batteries. The ministry said they must report on their findings and draw up a plan to prevent future problems by the end of August, or face a fine under consumer safety laws.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony, Dell battery issue heats up |url=http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2006/08/24/tech-battery.html |publisher=CBC News |date=2006-08-24 |accessdate=2006-08-24}}</ref> |
|||
Ten days later on 24 August 2006, [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] recalled 1.8 million Sony built batteries after receiving nine reports of batteries overheating, including two customers who suffered minor burns, and additional reports of property damage.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple announces recall of 1.8 million laptop batteries |url=http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2006/08/24/apple-recall.html |publisher=CBC News |date=2006-08-24 |accessdate=2006-09-28}}</ref> |
|||
On 19 September 2006, [[Toshiba]] announced it was recalling 340,000 Sony laptop batteries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toshiba Recalls 340,000 Batteries, Trouble for Sony |url=http://www.consolewatcher.com/2006/09/toshiba-recalls-340000-batteries-trouble-for-sony/ |publisher=Console Watcher |date=2006-09-19 |accessdate=2006-11-06}}</ref> This recall, however, is not related to the recalls by Apple and Dell, as the batteries are known to cause the laptops to sometimes run out of power. No injuries or other accidents have been reported, according to Toshiba spokesman Keisuke Omori.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toshiba recalls laptop batteries |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/09/19/tech-toshiba.html |publisher=CBC News |date=2006-09-19 |accessdate=2006-09-28}}</ref> |
|||
On 23 September 2006, Sony announced its investigation<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony investigates notebook fire |url=http://money.excite.com/ht/nw/bus/20060923/hle_bus-t229782.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070206054144/http://money.excite.com/ht/nw/bus/20060923/hle_bus-t229782.html |archivedate=2007-02-06 |publisher=Reuters |date=2006-09-23 |accessdate=2006-09-23}}</ref> of a [[Lenovo]] [[ThinkPad]] T43 laptop which overheated and caught fire in Los Angeles International Airport on 16 September, an incident that was confirmed by Lenovo. On 28 September 2006, Lenovo and IBM made the global recall of 526,000 laptop batteries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lenovo recalls 526,000 laptop batteries |url=http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2006/09/28/tech-lenovo-060928.html |publisher=CBC News |date=2006-09-28 |accessdate=2006-09-28}}</ref> |
|||
On 28 September 2006, Sony announced a global battery exchange program in response to growing consumer concerns.<ref name="Sony Press Release 2006-09-28">[http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200609/06-090E/index.html Sony to Initiate Global Replacement Program for Notebook Computer Battery Pack], ''Sony Press Release'', 28 September 2006.</ref> |
|||
On 2 October 2006, [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) determined that it was not necessary for them to join the global battery replacement program.<ref name="HP News Release 2006-10-02">[http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/061002a.html HP and Sony Joint Statement on Recent Battery Issues.], ''Hewlett-Packard News Release'', 2 October 2006.</ref> |
|||
On 3 October 2006, the [[Yomiuri Shimbun]] (a Japanese Newspaper) reported that Sony was aware of faults in its notebook PC batteries in December 2005 but failed to fully study the problem.<ref name="Yomiuri 2006-10-03">{{cite news|title=Sony knew of faults in PC batteries in Dec., failed to fully study fire cause |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/20061003TDY01006.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061021182435/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/20061003TDY01006.htm |archivedate=2006-10-21 |publisher=Daily Yomiuri Online |date=2006-10-03 |accessdate=2006-10-03}}</ref><ref name="Forbes 2006-10-02">{{cite news|title=Sony failed to fully study battery problem |url=http://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2006/10/02/afx3061270.html |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2006-10-02 |accessdate=2006-10-03}}</ref> |
|||
On 16 October 2006, [[Fujitsu]] announced it was recalling 278,000 Sony laptop batteries.<ref name="Fujitsu recalls 287,000 laptop batteries">{{cite news|title=Fujitsu Recalls 287,000 Laptop Batteries |url=http://www.consolewatcher.com/2006/10/fujitsu-recalls-287000-laptop-batteries/|publisher=Console Watcher|date=2006-10-16|accessdate=2006-11-06}}</ref> It was also reported that Fujitsu, Toshiba, and Hitachi may seek compensation from Sony over the battery recalls.<ref name="Sun-Times 2006-10-16">{{cite news|title=Fujitsu, Toshiba, Hitachi may seek compensation from Sony over battery recalls|url=http://www.suntimes.com/business/98594,101606battery.article|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|date=2006-10-16|accessdate=2006-10-16}}</ref> |
|||
On 25 April 2007, [[Acer Inc.|Acer]] announced that 27,000 batteries from [[Acer TravelMate|TravelMate]] and [[Acer Aspire|Aspire]] series notebooks sold from May 2004 to November 2006 were recalled due to 16 reports of overheating and explosions.<ref name="Engadget 2007-6-29">{{citenews|title=Acer finally gets sucked into Sony battery recall|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/04/25/acer-finally-gets-sucked-into-sony-battery-recall/|publisher=Engadget|date=2007-04-25|accessdate=2007-06-29}}</ref> |
|||
On 24 August 2007, it emerged that some of Sony's batteries that were not recalled, and in use on Dell laptop computers, may be at risk of catching fire and exploding; as another case of a Dell laptop with a Sony battery in it, came to light.<ref name="Consumer Affairs 2007-8-24">{{cite news|title=Georgia Man's Laptop Bursts into Flames|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2007/08/dell_fire.html|accessdate=2007-08-24}}</ref> |
|||
On 30 October 2008, the recall of an additional 100,000 batteries produced by Sony was announced by Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba due to around forty cases of batteries overheating being reported globally.<ref name="HP, Dell, Toshiba Recall Sony Laptop Batteries Again">{{citenews|title=HP, Dell, Toshiba Recall Sony Laptop Batteries Again|url=http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/153110/hp_dell_toshiba_recall_sony_laptop_batteries_again.html|accessdate=2008-10-30}}</ref> |
|||
=== CCD === |
|||
Initially, in October 2005, it was reported by Sony that there were problems with the [[charge-coupled device]]s (CCD) in 20 models of digital still cameras. The problems can prevent the cameras from taking clear pictures, and in some cases, possibly prevent a picture to be taken at all. In late November 2006, the recall was broadened to eight additional models of digital cameras sold between 2003 and 2005. The problem appears to manifest itself mostly when the camera is used in areas with hot weather. The eight models affected are the following: DSC-F88, DSC-M1, DSC-T1, DSC-T11, DSC-T3, DSC-T33, DSC-U40 and DSC-U50. Sony did indicate that they will repair or replace the affected camera at no charge. Since Sony is one of the largest producers of CCD chips, this recall may affect other manufacturer's and models of cameras, possibly as many as 100 models or more. Other manufacturers of digital cameras, including Canon, Minolta, Nikon, Olympus or Fuji have indicated they will replace faulty CCDs in their respective models of cameras if necessary.<ref>[http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=mobile_wireless&articleId=9005380&taxonomyId=15 Sony finds CCD problem with some of its digital cameras]</ref> |
|||
=== Virtualization disabled on VAIO laptops === |
|||
Previously Sony has disabled hardware virtualization on their high end [[VAIO]] laptops. This means that the [[Windows 7]] operating system as well as virtualization software such as [[VMWare]], [[VirtualBox]] and others are unable to make use of [[Intel]]'s or [[AMD]]'s virtualization technology embedded in their CPUs. Sony's senior manager for product marketing, Xavier Lauwaert, responded that "our engineers and QA people were very concerned that enabling VT would expose our systems to malicious code".<ref>[http://gizmodo.com/5333727/sony-laptops-have-hardware-virtualization-disabled-cant-run-windows-7s-xp-mode Sony Laptops Have Hardware Virtualization Disabled, Can't Run Windows 7's XP Mode]</ref><br /> |
|||
However, with the new BIOS that are being released, most of the new laptops are now officially being enabled with this feature. This includes Vaio Z models with BIOS R2170M3 and R4043M3.<ref>[http://forum.notebookreview.com/showthread.php?t=427883 Vaio Z Windows 7 Bios and driver]</ref><br /> |
|||
== Environmental record == |
|||
Sony has received numerous awards and much recognition for their environmental efforts throughout the world. Their achievements in the way of energy and environmental conservation have earned them respect for their green campaign<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20060228185101/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/Environment/news/awards/index.html CSR Awards and Recognition from External Organizations (since fiscal 2000)]</ref> despite bad press from a low ranking on [[Greenpeace]]'s greener electronics report.<ref>[http://weblog.greenpeace.org/makingwaves/archives/2007/08/sony_belatedly_unveils_us_recy.html Sony belatedly unveils US recycling policy]</ref> |
|||
=== Improvement efforts === |
|||
Since 1976, Sony has had an Environmental Conference.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080208124950/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/Environment/activities/history/index.html History of Environmental Activities at Sony]</ref> Sony's policies address their effects on global warming, the environment, and resources. They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that they put out as well as regulating the products they get from their suppliers in a process that they call "green procurement".<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071127044020/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/Environment/activities/vision/index.html Sony Group Environmental Vision]</ref> Sony has said that they have signed on to have about 75 percent of their [[Sony Building (New York)|Sony Building]] running on [[geothermal power]]. The "Sony Take Back Recycling Program" allows consumers to recycle the electronics products that they buy from Sony by taking them to [[eCycle (Recycling)]] drop-off points around the U.S. The company has also developed a biobattery that runs on sugars and carbohydrates that works similarly to the way living creatures work. This is the most powerful small [[biobattery]] to date.<ref>[http://www.techgadgets.in/misc-gadgets/2007/24/sony-develops-worlds-most-powerful-sugar-based-bio-battery-prototype/ Sony develops World’s Most Powerful Sugar-based Bio Battery Prototype]</ref> |
|||
=== Green TV === |
|||
For sale in Japan on 30 July, 2008, Sony's green product, new flat-panel {{convert|32|in|mm|adj=on}} TV 150,000 yen (US$ 1,400; € 900) Bravia KDL-32JE1 offers ecological consumers advantages of less energy consumption (70% less) than regular models with the same image quality. Sony was able to reduce [[carbon dioxide]] emissions totaling 79 [[kilogram]]s (174 pounds) a year, without sacrificing quality by developing a brighter back light and better filtering, which produces light more efficiently. The TVs will have liquid crystal displays along with high-definition digital broadcast capabilities.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/17/business/AS-TEC-Japan-Sony-Green-TV.php www.iht.com, Sony develops green flat-panel TV to woo ecological consumers]</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/101569/Sony-woos-ecological-consumers-with-new-flat-panel-TV gmanews.tv/story, Sony woos ecological consumers with new flat-panel TV]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/lifestyle/green/chi-green-flat-panel-tv-sony,0,2542612.story | title="Sony develops green flat-panel TV to woo ecological consumers" | author=Kageyama, Yuri | publisher=Chicago Tribune | date=2008-06-17 | accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> |
|||
=== Criticism === |
|||
In 2000, Sony was ridiculed for a document entitled "[[non-governmental organization|NGO]] Strategy" that was leaked to the press. The document involved the company's surveillance of environmental activists in an attempt to plan how to counter their movements. It specifically mentioned environmental groups that were trying to pass laws that held electronics-producing companies responsible for the clean up of the toxic chemicals contained in their merchandise.<ref>[http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2000/09/sonyspy.html Sony's PR War on Activists]</ref> In early July 2007, Sony ranked 14th on the [[Greenpeace]] chart "Guide to Greener Electronics." This chart graded major electronics companies on their environmental work. Sony fell from its earlier 11th place ranking due to [[Greenpeace]]'s claims that Sony had double standards in their waste policies.<ref>[http://weblog.infoworld.com/sustainableit/archives/2007/07/sony_hits_botto.html Sony hits bottom of Greenpeace eco rankings]</ref> |
|||
In 2005, it was made public that the Xbox game Full Spectrum Warrior, developed by Sony Pictures Imageworks and Pandemic Studios, was paid for in whole by the US Department of Defense, for use as an urban combat trainer. Not only was the simulation never used as intended, but the Army lost its full investment while Pandemic Studios went on to release the simulation, now an entertainment game, through THQ and it became a success. The wisdom of the Army's contract with both Sony and Pandemic was questioned in the press at the time. |
|||
On 9 December 2008, Sony Corp. said it will cut 16,000 jobs, curb investment and pull out of businesses to save $9.1 billion a year.<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20081209/bs_nm/us_sony]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref> |
|||
{{Portal}} |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{reflist|2}} |
|||
== Further reading == |
|||
*''[http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/2811/playstation-division-is-under-review PlayStation Division is Under Review] |
|||
*''[[Made in Japan (biography)|Made in Japan]]'' by [[Akio Morita]] and Sony, [[HarperCollins]] (1994) |
|||
*''Sony: The Private Life'' by [[John Nathan]], [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin]] (1999) |
|||
*''Sony Radio, Sony Transistor Radio 35th Anniversary 1955–1990'' – information booklet (1990) |
|||
*''The Portable Radio in American Life'' by University of Arizona Professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D. (The University of Arizona Press, 1991). |
|||
*''The Japan Project: Made in Japan.'' – a documentary about Sony's early history in the U.S. by [[Terry Sanders]]. |
|||
== External links == |
|||
{{Sisterlinks|Sony}} |
|||
{{Commons category|Sony}} |
|||
*[http://www.sony.co.jp/ Sony Japan] {{ja icon}} |
|||
*[http://www.sony.net/ Sony Global HQ] |
|||
*[http://www.sony.com.au/ Sony Australia] |
|||
*[http://www.sony.ca/ Sony Canada] |
|||
*[http://www.sony.co.nz/ Sony New Zealand] |
|||
*[http://www.sony.co.uk/ Sony United Kingdom] |
|||
*[http://www.sony.com/ Sony USA] |
|||
*[http://www.scei.co.jp/ Sony Computer Entertainment] |
|||
*[http://www.sonyericsson.com/ Sony Ericsson] |
|||
*[http://www.sonymusic.com/ Sony Music Entertainment] |
|||
*[http://www.sonypictures.com/ Sony Pictures] |
|||
*[http://www.playstation.com/ Sony Playstation] |
|||
{{Companies portal}} |
|||
{{Sony Corp}} |
|||
{{Japanese Electronics Industry}} |
|||
{{Nikkei 225}} |
|||
{{TOPIX 100}} |
|||
[[Category:Sony|*]] |
|||
[[Category:Audio equipment manufacturers]] |
|||
[[Category:Companies established in 1946]] |
|||
[[Category:Companies based in Tokyo]] |
|||
[[Category:Electronics companies of Japan]] |
|||
[[Category:Semiconductor companies]] |
|||
[[Category:Netbook manufacturers]] |
|||
[[Category:Display technology companies]] |
|||
[[Category:Multinational companies]] |
|||
[[ar:سوني]] |
|||
[[bn:সনি]] |
|||
[[bs:Sony]] |
|||
[[bg:Сони]] |
|||
[[ca:Sony]] |
|||
[[cs:Sony]] |
|||
[[da:Sony]] |
|||
[[de:Sony]] |
|||
[[el:Sony]] |
|||
[[es:Sony]] |
|||
[[eo:Sony]] |
|||
[[fa:سونی]] |
|||
[[fr:Sony]] |
|||
[[ga:Sony]] |
|||
[[gl:Sony]] |
|||
[[gan:Sony]] |
|||
[[ko:소니]] |
|||
[[id:Sony]] |
|||
[[is:Sony]] |
|||
[[it:Sony]] |
|||
[[he:סוני]] |
|||
[[ka:Sony]] |
|||
[[lv:Sony]] |
|||
[[lt:Sony]] |
|||
[[hu:Sony Corporation]] |
|||
[[mr:सोनी]] |
|||
[[ms:Sony]] |
|||
[[nah:Sony]] |
|||
[[nl:Sony Corporation]] |
|||
[[ja:ソニー]] |
|||
[[no:Sony]] |
|||
[[uz:Sony]] |
|||
[[pnb:سونی]] |
|||
[[pl:Sony]] |
|||
[[pt:Sony]] |
|||
[[kaa:Sony]] |
|||
[[ro:Sony]] |
|||
[[ru:Sony]] |
|||
[[sah:Sony]] |
|||
[[sq:Sony]] |
|||
[[simple:Sony]] |
|||
[[sk:Sony]] |
|||
[[sl:Sony]] |
|||
[[sr:Сони]] |
|||
[[sh:Sony]] |
|||
[[fi:Sony]] |
|||
[[sv:Sony]] |
|||
[[ta:சோனி]] |
|||
[[th:โซนี่]] |
|||
[[tr:Sony]] |
|||
[[uk:Sony]] |
|||
[[ur:سونی]] |
|||
[[vi:Sony]] |
|||
[[yo:Sony]] |
|||
[[zh-yue:Sony]] |
|||
[[zh:Sony]] |
|||
Revision as of 16:58, 23 February 2010
PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay PS3 is gay