RÚV (TV channel)
 | |
| Country | Iceland |
|---|---|
| Broadcast area | Iceland and Worldwide (through webcast and Thor 5 Satellite) |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Icelandic |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | RÚV |
| Sister channels | RÚV 2 |
| History | |
| Launched | 30 September 1966 |
| Former names |
|
| Links | |
| Webcast | www |
| Website | www |
RÚV is the main television channel of RÚV, the Icelandic public broadcaster, launched in 1966. The free-to-air channel broadcasts primarily news, sports, entertainment, cultural programs, children's material, original Icelandic programming as well as American, British and Nordic content. Among its highest-rated programs are the comedy sketch show Spaugstofan, mystery drama Ófærð (Trapped) and Fréttir (News).
It is the Icelandic Olympic Broadcaster and has also usually holds rights to the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro competitions. It is a member of the European Broadcasting Union and is responsible for selecting Iceland's entries to the Eurovision Song Contest.
History
[edit]
In 1955, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service Keflavik started broadcasting an English language television service from Naval Air Station Keflavik, which until 1977 was an over-the-air television station.[1] Since there was much skepticism over the influence of the Keflavik station, and that it had sufficient coverage in Reykjavik, the Icelandic government began studying the possibility of a state-funded television service in 1963, eight years after the first American broadcasts.[1]
With the filing of the Television Committee Report in March 1964, it was concluded that no buildings in Reykjavik were appropriate to have a television studio, with the cost of modifying a building being 75 percent of the cost of construction. As there were no film or television studios in Iceland, all equipment had to be imported.[1] The committee worked with the Icelandic Posts, Telegraphs and Telecommunications Corporation to build a 5,000-watt television transmitter at Skalafell Mountain, with low-powered relay stations being built for cost-related reasons. In the period between 1964 and 1972, the total cost of the service was to be 224 million kronur, with three sources of financing: television licences, advertising and a levy on the import or assembly of television sets. With 2,500 sets available in Iceland in 1963, it was demanded that these sets should be licensed, with RÚV gaining 3.5 million kronur, 4.5 million if there were 3,000 sets in 1964.[1] RÚV seized the opportunity to use commercial financing, which in some capitalist countries was seen as an "unnecessary evil". Low population (less than 250,000 at the time) and the success of advertising on state radio made it easy for state television to be sustained by commercials.[1]
The committee suggested that the television service shouldn't start before 8pm, under the principle that the average family would be, at the average time of coming home (6pm), listening to the main magazine program on radio; the television broadcast would, from 8pm, extend for a period of two or three hours. No less than 40 percent of total content was to be produced in Iceland.[1]
The network made its first transmission on 30 September 1966 on channel. To begin with, transmissions only took place on Wednesdays and Fridays, only gradually expanding to the rest of the week through the years (six days by September 1967),[1] but there were no transmissions on Thursdays.[2] In addition, no television was broadcast in July.[3] Transmissions in July began in 1983.[4] Sjónvarpið was the first public television channel in Iceland and also the first to broadcast in the Icelandic language. Having lost its monopoly and sharing the market with Stöð 2 a year before, Sjónvarpið ended the era of television-free Thursdays on 1 October 1987, resulting in the first full week of television in Iceland.
The reason for the limited programming was due to the popular belief that Icelandic viewers wouldn't watch television during traditional dinner time, and that the Thursday break was justified due to the social norms at the time; had there been any television broadcasts on Thursdays at the time, it would have meant insufficient financing and staffing that wouldn't justify such broadcasts. For the July break, there were several possible explanations: the idea that it would give viewers a break from television, while for engineers it provided them with a period of maintenance of its equipment. At the time, if someone at RÚV took a vacation period, no one would be left to fill the job. In order to save money on operational costs, reruns weren't part of the schedule.[1] After pressure from the public, television broadcasts in July started in 1983, but not on Thursdays.[1]
While the first station was headquartered in Reykjavík, repeaters were installed over the next years in Vestmannaeyjar (channel 5, on 30 September 1966), Stykkishólmur (channel 3, on 17 May 1967), Skálafell (channel 4, on 22 December 1967), Hoffell (channel 7, on 23 December 1967), Vaðlaheiði (channel 6, on 1 December 1968) and Hegranes (channel 8, on 13 December 1968).[5]
Test colour transmission commenced in 1973 and started full-time in 1976. From 24 October 1975, imported programming in colour started, but by the early 80s, much of the hardware came from the black and white phase. The first colour news bulletin was broadcast on 30 September 1977, the day of the eleventh anniversary of the channel.[1] From September 1981 onwards, the channel greatly benefited from Iceland's connection to the rest of the world via satellite, after producing the first filmed news item for export on 11 August it joined the Intelsat network on 20 September for coverage of an Icelandic shipwreck using its satellite earth station.[1] Starting on March 1, 1982, Icelandic television viewers were able to watch daily reports from abroad on their evening newscast. Live broadcasts from the rest of Europe, such as the Eurovision Song Contest, commenced for the first time in May 1986. By the early 1980s, foreign programming was mostly sourced from the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as limited programming from a handful of other sources, mostly European countries such as France, Sweden, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia.[1]
As of 1983, the evening began at 7:45pm with Taknmalsfréttir, the sign language bulletin, followed by the main news (Fréttir) at 8pm. An advertising segment started at 8:25pm, lasting ten minutes. This was followed by an animated segment at 8:35pm. At 8:45pm, the schedule would change to either sports, cultural or comedy programming, followed by the second (of two) commercial breaks. At 9:10pm the main programs started, with closedown being before 11pm. On Saturdays, programming was often from 4:30pm to shortly after midnight.[1]
RÚV's teletext service, Textavarpið, was inaugurated on the 25th anniversary of Icelandic television in 1991.[6]
As late as 2000, television only aired for 8 hours each day, starting at around 4:35 pm and ending at around 12:35 am on weekdays. The number of hours of television aired per week changes every week and day, with transmissions during the weekend being the longest. RÚV currently starts at 7 am on Saturdays and Sundays. During the week, however, transmissions still start between 3 pm and 5:30 pm and end between midnight and 1:30 am. During downtime, the station carries its daily schedule and a news ticker, complete with audio from Rás 2.
Since its establishment in 1966, RÚV broadcast using the analogue 625-line PAL standard over the very high frequency band until the analogue switchoff in 2015.[7][8]
In 2004 RÚV became available over broadband and fibre Internet Protocol television systems of Síminn and Vodafone Iceland.
In May 2007, RÚV began direct satellite TV broadcasts from Intelsat 10-02 satellite with a frequency of 11182 V 3100 7/8.
Preparations for high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasts began in 2012, when two new 1080i play-out systems were installed. Digital HDTV broadcasts commenced in 2014 following an agreement signed with Vodafone Iceland on 27 March 2013 to install and run two new shared digital multiplexes using DVB-T2 (for HD transmissions) and DVB-T (for SD transmissions) over ultra high frequency bands. Analogue transmissions were shut down on 2 February 2015.[9][10] Transmissions on the older DVB-T system in standard definition ceased on 3 June 2024, however DVB-T2 broadcasts in HD only remain.[11]
Broadcasts were also previously available over Vodafone Iceland's Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service and Síminn Breiðband cable TV services, which have both been discontinued.[12]
Test cards
[edit]
From the inauguration of Sjónvarpið in 1966 until as late as 1982, an electronically generated, heavily modified version of the Philips PM5540 monochrome test card was utilised during off-air hours, with the words Ríkisútvarpið SJÓNVARP occasionally appearing in the top and bottom black segments respectively.[15][16]
In the early-1970s, the Philips PM5544 test card was introduced for colour transmissions and gradually replaced the previous monochrome test card, with the time and date included in the PM5544 test card from 1995 to 2000 and again from 2002 to 2006. In 2009, the Philips PM5644 widescreen test card was introduced to replace its PM5544 forerunner. In 2011, the test card was discontinued when an overnight filler programme similar to ITV Nightscreen was introduced during RÚV's off-air hours.
Distribution
[edit]Terrestrial broadcasts are in 1080i HD on a UHF DVB-T2 network operated by Vodafone Iceland by contract until 2028. The broadcasts are free-to-air and reach 99.9% of the population.[17] According to a 2022 survey, only 1% of the population uses terrestrial broadcasts to watch RÚV.[18]
RÚV offers direct satellite TV broadcasts using the Thor 5 satellite over DVB-S, in order to service fishing fleets around Iceland and remote areas where the terrestrial network does not reach. Telenor ASA runs the service by contract until 2024, this service is encrypted and is only available on request. [19][20] Satellite distribution is due to cease in summer 2024.[21]
Due to the prevalence of fiber internet connections in Iceland, the most popular way to view broadcasts is through the internet. RÚV is available through managed IPTV systems on Síminn and Vodafone. RÚV also offers all of its content, through OTT services as well as on their website. RÚV also offers an app for Apple TV, iOS, Android TV and Android.
As of 2023, RÚV's teletext channel, Textavarpið, is still operating over DVB, managed IPTV and on the web at textavarp.is.[22]
| Distribution method | Market share |
|---|---|
| Terrestrial broadcasts (DVB) | 1% |
| IPTV set-top box (Síminn/Vodafone) | 64% |
| OTT services (e.g. Apple TV app) | 27% |
| Website | 7% |
| Other | 1% |
Programming
[edit]RÚV broadcasts various original and foreign programming. Around 30% of Icelanders watch RÚV's nightly news, Fréttir.[23] RÚV is the Icelandic Olympic Broadcaster and has also usually holds rights to the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro competitions. It is a member of the European Broadcasting Union and is responsible for selecting Iceland's entries to the Eurovision Song Contest.
Recent original programming that RÚV has produced is listed as follows (recurring and one-off):
Recurring
[edit]- Fréttir, the main news programme at 7 p.m.
- Kastljós, a news/talk programme (similar to Newsnight)
- Kveikur, an explanatory news programme (similar to BBC's Panorama)
- Gettu betur, a long-running game/quiz show
- Vikan með Gísla Marteini, an entertainment/talk show
- Landinn, a programme about rural locations in Iceland
- Áramótaskaupið, a New Year's Eve comedy special with an audience of up to 90% of viewers
- Jóladagatal Sjónvarpsins, an ongoing series of televised Advent calendars.
- Stundin Okkar, children's programme since 1966
- Söngvakeppnin, annual music competition used to select Iceland's representative to the Eurovision Song Contest
Other original programming
[edit]- Verbúðin (Blackport), a series set in the 1980s in the Westfjords.
- Brot (The Valhalla Murders)
- Ófærð (Trapped), a mystery drama series set in Seyðisfjörður.
- Ráðherran (The Minister)
- Latibær (LazyTown)
- Spaugstofan
- Sigla himinfley, a 4-part drama mini-series
They have also aired other shows which were dubbed in the Icelandic language, such as Woody Woodpecker, Butterfly Island, The Flintstones, Bertha, Fraggle Rock, Wowser, Thomas and Friends, Bob the Builder, Angelina Ballerina, and many more.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The History and Development of Broadcasting in Iceland" (PDF). University of Delaware. June 1984. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ The American-Scandinavian Review, Volume 58, Henry Goddard Leach American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1970, page 72
- ^ The Horn Book Magazine, Volume 47, Bertha E. Mahony Miller, Horn Book, Incorporated, 1971, page 465
- ^ Guinness World Records 2015, Guinness World Records, page 174, 2014
- ^ "Television Factbook" (PDF). 1977. p. 1109. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- ^ Háskólabókasafn, Landsbókasafn Íslands-. "Tímarit.is". timarit.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ^ "Tvær stafrænar háskerpurásir verða hjá RÚV". RÚV. 27 March 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ^ "Stafrænt sjónvarp | RÚV". Archived from the original on 2013-07-09. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
- ^ Farbwahl GbR. "ATG Broadcast Completes High-Definition Expansion for RUV, Iceland". live-production.tv. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ^ "Slökkt á hliðrænu dreifikerfi RÚV á mánudag". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ^ Vefritstjórn (2024-06-04). "Breyting á útsendingu í gegnum loftnet - RÚV.is". RÚV. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- ^ "Slökkva á öllum örbylgjusendum í júní". RÚV (in Icelandic). 2017-06-03. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
- ^ https://plus.google.com/photos/110075467441072153682/albums/5720743420927143969 [dead link]
- ^ "FMTVDX". www.fmtvdx.eu.
- ^ "Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents". January 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-01-11.
- ^ "Icelandic TV at 50". Nordvision - Det nordiska public service-samarbetet. 6 September 2016.
- ^ "Dreifikerfi". RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2021-05-17.
- ^ a b Fjarskiptastofa/Maskina (2022-05-01). "Neytendakönnun á fjarskiptamarkaði".
- ^ "Gervihnattadreifing". RÚV (in Icelandic). 2015-04-21. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
- ^ "Dreifikerfi RÚV - RÚV.is". RÚV. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ Kristjánsson, Alexander (2024-06-05). "RÚV hættir sjónvarpútsendingum um gervihnött - RÚV.is". RÚV. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- ^ "Svona eru netárásirnar á Ísland gerðar - RÚV.is". RÚV. 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ^ "Áhorf á fréttir Stöðvar 2 minnkar um helming - RÚV.is". RÚV. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2023-06-22.