Sirtuin-activating compound
Sirtuin-activating compounds (STAC) are chemical compounds having an effect on sirtuins, a group of enzymes that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins. They are caloric restriction mimetic compounds that may be helpful in treating various aging-related diseases.[1]
Context
[edit]Leonard P. Guarente is recognized as the leading proponent of the hypothesis that caloric restriction slows aging by activation of Sirtuins.[citation needed]
STACs have been discovered by Konrad Howitz of Biomol Inc and biologist David Sinclair. In September 2003, Howitz and Sinclair et al. published a highly cited paper reporting that polyphenols such as resveratrol[2] activate human SIRT1 and extend the lifespan of budding yeast (Howitz et al., Nature, 2003). Other examples of such products are butein, piceatannol, isoliquiritigenin, fisetin, and quercetin.[citation needed]
Sirtuins depend on the crucial cellular molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their function. Falling NAD+ levels during aging may adversely impact sirtuin maintenance of DNA integrity and ability to combat oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Increasing cellular NAD+ levels with supplements like nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) during aging may slow or reverse certain aging processes with sirtuin function enhancement.[3]
Some STACs can cause artificial effects in the assay initially used for their identification, but it has been shown that STACs also activate SIRT1 against regular polypeptide substrates, with an influence of the substrate sequence.[4][5]
Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Sinclair's company, was purchased by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in 2008, and subsequently shut down as a separate entity within GSK.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gan, L. (2007). "Therapeutic potential of sirtuin-activating compounds in Alzheimer's disease". Drug News & Perspectives. 20 (4): 233–239. doi:10.1358/dnp.2007.20.4.1101162. PMID 17637936.
- ^ Kaeberlein, M.; McDonagh, T.; Heltweg, B.; Hixon, J.; Westman, E. A.; Caldwell, S. D.; Napper, A.; Curtis, R.; Distefano, P. S.; Fields, S.; Bedalov, A.; Kennedy, B. K. (2005). "Substrate-specific Activation of Sirtuins by Resveratrol". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (17): 17038–17045. doi:10.1074/jbc.M500655200. PMID 15684413.
- ^ "What is NMN?". www.nmn.com. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
- ^ Lakshminarasimhan, M; Rauh, D; Schutkowski, M; Steegborn, C (Mar 2013). "Sirt1 activation by resveratrol is substrate sequence-selective". Aging. 5 (3): 151–4. doi:10.18632/aging.100542. PMC 3629287. PMID 23524286.
- ^ Hubbard, BP; et al. (Mar 2013). "Evidence for a common mechanism of SIRT1 regulation by allosteric activators". Science. 339 (6124): 1216–9. doi:10.1126/science.1231097. PMC 3799917. PMID 23471411.