Everard Home
Sir Everard Home, 1st Baronet, FRS (6 May 1756, in Kingston upon Hull – 31 August 1832, in London) was a British surgeon.
Life
[edit]Home was born in Kingston-upon-Hull and educated at Westminster School. He gained a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, but decided instead to become a pupil of his brother-in-law, John Hunter, at St George's Hospital.[1] Hunter had married his sister, the poet and socialite Anne Home, in July 1771.[2] He assisted Hunter in many of his anatomical investigations, and in the autumn of 1776 he partly described Hunter's collection. There is also considerable evidence that Home plagiarized Hunter's work, sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly; he also systematically destroyed his brother-in-law's papers in order to hide evidence of this plagiarism. It seems likely that the fire (in Home's apartments at Chelsea Hospital) which destroyed the Hunterian manuscripts in Home's possession also destroyed a precious collection of 26 microscopes originally made by van Leeuwenhoek, which Home had borrowed from the Royal Society.[3][4]:123
Having qualified at Surgeons' Hall in 1778, Home was appointed assistant surgeon at the naval hospital, Plymouth. In 1787 he was appointed assistant surgeon, later surgeon, at St George's Hospital. He became Sergeant Surgeon to the King in 1808 and Surgeon at Chelsea Hospital in 1821. He was made a baronet (of Well Manor in the County of Southampton) in 1813.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1787, gave their Croonian Lecture many times between 1793 and 1829 and received their Copley Medal in 1807.[5] He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1832.[6]
Works
[edit]Home published prolifically on human and animal anatomy. He was the first to describe the fossil creature (later 'Ichthyosaur') discovered near Lyme Regis by Joseph Anning and Mary Anning in 1812. Following John Hunter, he initially suggested it had affinities with fish. Home also did some of the earliest studies on the anatomy of platypus and noted that it was not viviparous, theorizing that it was instead ovoviviparous.[7] He was also the first to propose that melanin acts a sunscreen.[8]
A species of tortoise, Kinixys homeana Bell, 1827, is named in his honor.[9]
Family
[edit]His son, James Everard Home, became an eminent officer in the Royal Navy.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Coley NG (2004). "Home, Sir Everard, first baronet (1756–1832)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press; online edition, May 2005, accessed 10 February 2010
- ^ Bettany, George Thomas (1891). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ "What happened to his microscopes? | Lens on Leeuwenhoek". lensonleeuwenhoek.net. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ Ford, Brian J. (March 1983). "What were the Missing Microscopes really Like?" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Microscopical Society. 18 (2): 118–124.
- ^ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 20 November 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
- ^ Platypus by Ann Moyal, pages 12 and 13
- ^ Home, Everard (1821). "I. On the black rete mucosum of the Negro, being a defence against the scorching effect of the sun's rays". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 111: 1–6. doi:10.1098/rstl.1821.0001. ISSN 0261-0523.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Home, p. 125).
- ^ Career details of James Everard Home R.N.
- 1756 births
- 1832 deaths
- People from Kingston upon Hull
- Home baronets
- Recipients of the Copley Medal
- People educated at Westminster School, London
- 18th-century English people
- Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- 18th-century English medical doctors
- 19th-century English medical doctors
- Royal Navy Medical Service officers