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Hoyerswerda

Coordinates: 51°26′N 14°15′E / 51.433°N 14.250°E / 51.433; 14.250
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Hoyerswerda
Wojerecy
Town
View of the Old Town's Market Square
View of the Old Town's Market Square
Coat of arms of Hoyerswerda Wojerecy
Coat of arms
Location of Hoyerswerda
Wojerecy within Bautzen district
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Hoyerswerda Wojerecy is located in Germany
Hoyerswerda Wojerecy
Hoyerswerda
Wojerecy
Hoyerswerda Wojerecy is located in Saxony
Hoyerswerda Wojerecy
Hoyerswerda
Wojerecy
Coordinates: 51°26′N 14°15′E / 51.433°N 14.250°E / 51.433; 14.250
CountryGermany
StateSaxony
DistrictBautzen
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–27) Torsten Ruban-Zeh[1] (SPD)
Area
 • Total
95.06 km2 (36.70 sq mi)
Elevation
117 m (384 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total
31,356
 • Density330/km2 (850/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
02977
Dialling codes03571, 035722
Vehicle registrationBZ, BIW, HY, KM
Websitewww.hoyerswerda.de

Hoyerswerda (German: [hɔʏɐsˈvɛʁda] ⓘ) or Wojerecy (Upper Sorbian: [ˈwɔjɛʁɛtsɨ] ⓘ) is a major district town in the district of Bautzen in the German state of Saxony. It is located in the Sorbian settlement area of Upper Lusatia, in which the Upper Sorbian language is spoken in addition to German.

Hoyerswerda is divided into the Old Town and the New Town, surrounded by village areas. The Old Town is the historical centre with many old houses and sight-seeing attractions, the New Town is more modern and varicoloured. Prior to the renovation of the town, prefabricated apartment blocks predominated in this area.

The town has many lakes, marshes and waterways in its surrounding area, because of its situation in Lusatia. This brings many tourists to spend their holidays there. It is attractive for cyclists and inline skaters who use recently created paths meandering among the lakes.

Geography

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The town is situated in the north of the District of Bautzen, close to the borders of Saxony with Brandenburg. Major cities and towns in proximity are Cottbus 35 kilometres (22 miles) in the north-west, Dresden 55 kilometres (34 miles) in the south-west and Berlin 150 kilometres (93 miles) in the north. Hoyerswerda is part of Upper Lusatia and lies on a rural plain characterised by the presence of several lakes and some marshes.

Districts

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Hoyerswerda is divided beside the Old Town and New Town into the following districts (names given in German/Upper Sorbian):

Old Town

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The old town of Hoyerswerda is divided into eleven districts:

Neida, Dresdner Vorstadt, Am Bahnhof ('At the Railway Station'), Am Stadtrand ('On the Outskirts'), an der Neupetershainer Bahn, An der Thrune, Innere Altstadt ('Inner Historic Centre'), Senftenberger Vorstadt, Spremberger Vorstadt, Nördliche Elsteraue, Südliche Elsteraue.

View at the New Town's Lusatian Square (Lausitzer Platz)

New Town

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The new town of Hoyerswerda is divided into 14 districts:

Neustadt Zentrum ('New Town Centre'), Kühnicht, Grünewaldring, Gondelteich ('Gondola Lake'), Wohnkomplex I, Wohnkomplex II, Wohnkomplex III, Wohnkomplex IV, Wohnkomplex V/VE, Wohnkomplex VI, Wohnkomplex VII, Wohnkomplex VIII, Wohnkomplex IX, Wohnkomplex X.

Sources: [1][2]

History

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Early history

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The first settlers arrived in this area in 700 AD. They were Milceni Slavs. Many artifacts from this old culture have been found in the Hoyerswerda area.

1000 AD saw the construction of the first church in the town; the Heilige Familie ('Holy Family') which is still standing today in the historic centre of Hoyerswerda.

In 1150, Hoyerswerda first appeared on a map of Lusatia.

The city was first mentioned in 1268. At the time the mayor was Hoyer von Vredeberg.

In 1371 it was designated an official market town. Before this Hoyerswerda was a very little town with few structures, but the city then grew under the leadership of the new mayor Karl IV.

It received municipal rights from Freiherr von Duba on 19 December 1423, as well as the right to elect its own council.

In the 17th century, the city experienced many problems due to the 30 Years War. The Number of inhabitants dropped drastically, but recovered by the end of the century.

In 1624, Hoyerswerda became the capital of the Spremberg district. A few years later the district took the name Hoyerswerda because of the growing importance of the city.

Hoyerswerda Castle in the 18th century

In the middle of this century Hoyerswerda had become the largest town in the Lusatian region.

In the 18th century the Polish King and Elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong, gave the Duchy of Hoyerswerda to Ursula Katharina Lubomirska, who helped the town develop trade and manufacturing. In 1737, King Augustus III of Poland bought the town from Lubomirska. The King used to stop in the Hoyerswerda Castle during his travels from Dresden to Warsaw. The Battle of Hoyerswerda occurred nearby in 1759 during the Seven Years' War.

In 1815 Hoyerswerda became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Initially it was administered as part of the Spremberg-Hoyerswerdaer Kreis [de] of the Province of Brandenburg, but in 1825 the southern part was split off to form Landkreis Hoyerswerda [de] and attached to the Province of Silesia. In 1871, with Prussia, it became part of the German Empire. In 1873 a new railway between Hoyerswerda and Ruhland opened. It had a positive effect on the economic development of the city. In 1912, the Domowina, the organisation of the Sorbs, was founded in the city. In 1918, the Sorbs protested here against the policy of Germanisation.[citation needed] The town became part of the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia in 1919.

Recent history

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GDR type housing built in the 1950s

During the Second World War, in 1944, the Dulag 124 prisoner-of-war camp was relocated from Slavuta to Hoyerswerda.[3] At the end of the war the town was declared a core centre of German defence and was therefore heavily damaged. The invading Soviet Red Army set the town on fire. It became part of Saxony again after the war, but from 1952, it was administered by the Bezirk (Region) of Cottbus, until 1990, when the states of East Germany were abolished.

During the GDR period, Hoyerswerda became an important industrial town. The lignite processing enterprise "Schwarze Pumpe" was established in 1955 (it is today in the federal state of Brandenburg). From 1957, the demand for new living space rose dramatically. In the following years, 10 new living areas were established with tens of thousands of apartments being built. In 1981, the city reached its maximum number of inhabitants, with 71,054 residents. At that time, more children per inhabitant were born in Hoyerswerda than anywhere else in the GDR. Upon reunification in 1990, the people of the city decided to become part of the reconstituted state of Saxony. With the end of the GDR and the reorganisation of the East German economy, many enterprises in the industrial region of Hoyerswerda were scaled down or closed.

In 1991 multiple xenophobic attacks targeted immigrant workers from the Far East as well as asylum seekers from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. A hostel accommodating asylum seekers was attacked and petrol bombs were thrown. Media coverage of the unrest shocked many in Germany and abroad, provoking much public debate.[4]

Between 1993 and 1998, several smaller villages became part of the city, but the number of overall inhabitants declined rapidly, from about 70,000 people in the 1980s to about 35,000 people by the end of 2012. There have been attempts to renovate the city. Many of the apartment blocks built during the time of the GDR have been demolished or renovated.[5] This project, like others, was financed with money from the EU and the Federal Republic of Germany.[citation needed]

Its role as an independently ruled town ("Kreisfreie Stadt") in Saxony disappeared in 2008 with the reshaping of the regional administration of Saxony.

Sights

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Main sights include:

  • the Hoyerswerda castle
  • the Market Square (Markt) in the Old Town, including:
  • the St. John's Church (Johanneskirche)
  • the former seat of the Domowina, built in 1885
  • the New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus), built in 1904
  • Planetarium Hoyerswerda, founded in the 1960s
  • the Lusatian Square (Lausitzer Platz) in the New Town with the Lusatian Hall (Lausitzhalle/Łužiska Hala)
  • the ZCOM Zuse-Computer-Museum
  • Hoyerswerda Castle
    Hoyerswerda Castle
  • Old Town Hall
    Old Town Hall
  • Polish-Saxon post milestone
    Polish-Saxon post milestone
  • Sorbian Fountain
    Sorbian Fountain
  • St. John's Church
    St. John's Church
  • Former seat of the Domowina
    Former seat of the Domowina

Seats in the Local council (Stadtrat)

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New Town Hall

Elections in 2014:

  • CDU: 10 seats
  • The Left: 8 seats
  • Free voters: 5 seats
  • SPD: 4 seats
  • AH: 2 seats
  • NPD: 1 seat
  • Total: 30 seats

Economic situation

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While part of East Germany, employment in Hoyerswerda was provided by a power plant, glassworks, coal mines, and an army artillery range. With the reunification of Germany and the subsequent demise of a centrally planned economy, the city lost many jobs as the glassworks and artillery range were closed, and the power plant reduced its payroll. The industries on the secondary sector disappeared nearly completely. It is, however, expected that new houses must be built in Hoyerswerda, because of an anticipated increase in population due to copper mining at Schwarze Pumpe.[citation needed] There is also a thermal power plant planned for Hoyerswerda, because the district heating contract with Schwarze Pumpe will end in 2016.[citation needed]

Unemployment remains at 13%.[6] Hoyerswerda holds third place regarding poverty of children according to a statistics of the Child Protection Alliance.[7]

Notable people

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Lived in Hoyerswerda

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Hoyerswerda is twinned with:[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wahlergebnisse 2020, Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Einwohnerzahlen nach Gemeinden als Excel-Arbeitsmappe" (XLS) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen. 2024.
  3. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  4. ^ Kinzer, Steven. "A Wave of Attacks On Foreigners Stirs Shock in Germany". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  5. ^ Layer, Till. "Born in the east, young Germans still forced to head west." CNN. 24 October 2009. Retrieved on 3 November 2009.
  6. ^ "Arbeitslosenquote in Hoyerswerda steigt". Lausitzer Rundschau. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  7. ^ "Zeitnah-online". Zeitnah-online. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  8. ^ Rochus Misch: Der letzte Zeuge, editor: Pendo Verlag, München, 30 June 2008, ISBN 978-3-86612-194-2.
  9. ^ Gundermann, Gerhard. "Gundermann – Lebenslauf". gundi.de. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften - Partnerstwa města Wojerec". hoyerswerda.de (in German). Hoyerswerda. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
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