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'''School shooting''' is a term used to refer to [[gun violence]] in educational institutions, especially the [[mass murder]] or [[spree killing]] of people connected with an institution. Unlike acts of revenge against specific people, school shootings usually involve multiple intended or actual victims, often randomly targeted.
==Definition==

School shootings are typically differentiated from other kinds of [[school violence]]. Mass killings at schools like the [[Beslan school hostage crisis]] are usually described as acts of [[terrorism]]. The term "school shootings" most commonly describes acts committed by either a student or intruders from off campus. They are to be distinguished from crowd-containment shootings by law-enforcement personnel, such as the student protests and unrest of 1970 at two U.S. universities, [[Kent State shootings|Kent State]] and [[Jackson State killings|Jackson State]], that led to fatal shootings by [[National Guard of the United States|National Guardsmen]] and [[police]].

The most commonly referred to school shooting is that at Columbine High School, in Littleton, Colorado, on
Tuesday, April 20, 1999. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were the perpetrators. Like many instances of "school shootings," Harris and Klebold took their own lives before the end of the event. Also similar to many school shooters, Harris and Klebold were found to be victims of bullying. Perpetrators of school killings frequently voice severe anger and isolation preceding their actions. They may have a history of violence, or uncommon inappropriate and extreme behaviors at school.

In the United States, one-on-one public-school violence, such as beatings and stabbings or violence related to [[gang]] activity, is more common in some densely populated areas (which tend to be impoverished sections of cities). Inner-city or urban schools were much more likely than other schools to report serious violent crimes, with 17 percent of city principals reporting at least one serious crime compared to 11 percent of urban schools, 10 percent of rural schools, and five percent of suburban town schools in the 1997 school year.<ref name="nces">[http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss/publications/98030/index.asp?sectionID=1 National Center for Education Statistics' Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools, 1996-97.]</ref> Student-perpetrated school shootings in North America have mostly been in overwhelmingly white, middle-class, non-urban areas.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} In some cases, the victims of the shootings were involved in [[bullying]] or other acts of violence and intimidation against the perpetrators. However, school shootings in other countries may take on more national or religious overtones, such as the [[Merkaz HaRav shooting]].

School shootings with more than ten victims are usually referred to as "school massacres".

==Profiling==
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Gal09.jpg|right|195px|An anonymously-made quilt protesting against school shooters]] -->
School shooting is a topic of intense interest in the United States.<ref name="frontline">{{cite news |first=WGBH educational foundation |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kinkel/profile/ |title='Profiling' School Shooters |publisher=Frontline |date=2007-03-17 |accessdate=2007-03-17}}</ref> Though companies like [[MOSAIC Threat Assessment Systems]] sell products and services designed to identify potential threats, a thorough study of all U.S. school shootings by the U.S. [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/preventingattacksreport.pdf |format=PDF|title=The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative |date=2002-05-01}}</ref> warned against the belief that a certain "type" of student would be a perpetrator. Any "profile" would fit too many students to be useful and may not fit the potential perpetrators. Some lived with both parents in "an ideal, All-American family." Some were children of divorce, or lived in foster homes. A few were loners, but most had close friends.

While it may be simplistic to assume a straightforward "profile", the study did find certain similarities among the perpetrators. "The researchers found that killers do not 'snap'. They plan. They acquire weapons. These children take a long, considered, public path toward violence."<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kinkel/profile/ PBS article on murder profiles]</ref> Princeton's Katherine Newman points out that, far from being "loners", the perpetrators are "joiners" whose attempts at social integration fail, that they let their thinking and even their plans be known, sometimes frequently over long periods of times. The shootings seem as though an attempt to adjust their social standing and image, from "loser" to "master of violence."
{{-}}
Many of the shooters told Secret Service investigators that alienation or persecution drove them to violence. According to the United States Secret Service, instead of looking for traits, the Secret Service urges adults to ask about behavior:

{{cquote|1. ''What has this child said? {{-}}2. Do they have [[grievance]]s? {{-}}3. What do their friends know? {{-}}4. Do they have access to weapons? {{-}}5. Are they [[Depression (mood)|depressed]] or despondent?''<ref>[[Bill Dedman]], [http://powerreporting.com/files/shoot.pdf Deadly Lessons: School Shooters Tell Why], description of Secret Service study. ([[October 15]] [[2000]]) ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Accessed [[April 8]] [[2006]]</ref>}}
{{-}}
One "trait" that has not yet attracted as much attention is the gender difference: nearly all school shootings are perpetrated by young males, and in some instances the violence has clearly been gender-specific. Bob Herbert addressed this in an October 2006 [[New York Times]] editorial.<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/2006/10/16/opinion/16herbert.html?_r=1&n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd%2fColumnists%2fBob%20Herbert&oref=slogin</ref> One female carried out a school shooting in an exceptionally rare incident.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/02/08/la.tech.shooting/index.html Police: Female student kills 2 others, self at Louisiana college - CNN.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

== Discussion ==

[[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] gained infamy for killing 13 people at Columbine High School and then themselves. The shooting led to widespread panic across America; schools were fitted with metal detectors, guards were allowed to search students and their belongings and those deemed a threat were sent to [[psychologists]], [[psychiatrists]] and [[counselors]]. This has led to controversy and anger from both students and parents.

School shootings receive extensive media coverage and are infrequent.<ref name="cnn1998">[[CNN]] (March 25, 1998). [http://www.cnn.com/US/9803/25/school.violence.statistics/index.html School shootings have high profile but occur infrequently.]</ref> They often result in nationwide changes of schools' policies concerning discipline and security. Some experts have described fears about school shootings as a type of [[moral panic]].<ref name="Killingbeck">Killingbeck, Donna. [http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol8is3/killingbeck.html The Role of Television News in the Construction of School Violence as a 'Moral Panic."] ''Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture'', 8(3) (2001) 186-202</ref>

Such incidents may also lead to nationwide discussion on gun laws.<ref>{{cite web|title=Government Vows to Take Action Following Kauhajoki|url=http://www.yle.fi/news/id102402.html|accessdate=2008-09-23|work=YLE}}</ref>

==Notable shootings==
{{see|List of school-related attacks}}

===North America===
====United States====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name !! Location !! Date !! Year !! Death toll
|-
Largest: Bath School Diasaster May 18 1927 Bath Township Michigan United States Death Toll: 45
|[[Charles Whitman|University of Texas at Austin massacre]] || [[Austin, Texas]], [[United States]] || [[August 1]] || 1966 || 17
|-
|[[Orangeburg massacre]]{{fn|1}} || [[Orangeburg, South Carolina]], [[United States]] || [[February 8]] || 1968 || 3
|-
|[[Kent State shootings]]{{fn|1}} || [[Kent, Ohio]], [[United States]] || [[May 4]] || 1970 || 4
|-
|[[Jackson State shootings]]{{fn|1}} || [[Jackson, Mississippi]], [[United States]] || May 14-15 || 1970 || 2
|-
|[[Olean High School shooting]]{{fn|1}} || [[Olean, New York]], [[United States]] || [[December 30]] || 1974 || 3
|-
|[[California State University, Fullerton library massacre]] || [[Fullerton, California]], [[United States]] || [[July 12]] || 1976 || 7
|-
|[[Brenda Ann Spencer|Cleveland Elementary School shooting]] || [[San Diego, California]], [[United States]] || [[January 29]] || 1979 || 2
|-
|[[Parkway South Junior High School shooting]] || [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], [[United States]] || [[January 20]] || 1983 || 2
|-
|[[Stockton massacre|Cleveland Elementary School shooting]] || [[Stockton, California]], [[United States]] || [[January 17]] || 1989 || 6
|-
|[[Gang Lu|University of Iowa shooting]] || [[Iowa City, Iowa]], [[United States]] || [[November 1]] || 1991 || 6
|-
|[[Lindhurst High School|Lindhurst High School shooting]] || [[Marysville, California]], [[United States]] || [[May 1]] || 1992 ||4
|-
|[[Wayne Lo|Simon's Rock College of Bard shooting]] || [[Great Barrington, Massachusetts]], [[United States]] || [[December 14]] || 1992 || 2
|-
|[[Richland High School shooting]] || [[Lynnville, Tennessee]], [[United States]] || [[November 15]] || 1995 || 2
|-
|[[Barry Loukaitis|Frontier Junior High shooting]] || [[Moses Lake, Washington]], [[United States]] || [[February 2]] || 1996 || 3
|-
|[[Hetzel Union Building shooting]] || [[State College, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] || [[September 17]] || 1996 || 1
|-
|[[Evan Ramsey|Bethel High School shooting]] || [[Bethel, Alaska]], [[United States]] || [[February 19]] || 1997 || 2
|-
|[[Pearl High School shooting]] || [[Pearl, Mississippi]], [[United States]] || [[October 1]] || 1997 || 3
|-
|[[Heath High School shooting]] || [[Paducah, Kentucky|West Paducah]], [[Kentucky]], [[United States]] || [[December 1]] || 1997 || 3
|-
|[[Jonesboro massacre|Westside Middle School shooting]] || [[Jonesboro, Arkansas]], [[United States]] || [[March 24]] || 1998 || 5
|-
|[[Andrew Wurst|Parker Middle School shooting]] || [[Edinboro, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] || [[April 24]] || 1998 || 1
|-
|[[Kip Kinkel|Thurston High School shooting]] || [[Springfield, Oregon]], [[United States]] || [[May 21]] || 1998 || 4
|-
|[[Columbine High School massacre]] || [[Littleton, Colorado]], [[United States]] || [[April 20]] || 1999 || 13
|-
|[[Heritage High School shooting]] || [[Conyers, Georgia]], [[United States]] || [[May 20]] || 1999 || 0
|-
|[[Buell Elementary School|Buell Elementary School shooting]] || [[Mount Morris Township, Michigan]], [[United States]] ||[[February 29]] || 2000 || 1
|-
|[[Charles Andrew Williams|Santana High School shooting]] || [[Santee, California]], [[United States]] || [[March 5]] || 2001 || 2
|-
|[[Granite Hills High School (El Cajon, California)|Granite Hills High School shooting]] || [[El Cajon, California]], [[United States]] || [[March 22]] || 2001 || 0
|-
|[[Appalachian School of Law shooting]] || [[Grundy, Virginia]], [[United States]] || [[January 16]] || 2002 || 3
|-
|[[Red Lion Area Junior High School shootings]] || [[Red Lion, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] || [[April 24]] || 2003 || 2
|-
|[[Case Western Reserve University shooting]] || [[Cleveland, Ohio]], [[United States]] || [[May 9]] || 2003 || 1
|-
|[[Rocori High School shootings]] || [[Cold Spring, Minnesota]], [[United States]] || [[September 24]] || 2003 || 2
|-
|[[Fairleigh Dickinson University shooting]] || [[Florham Park, New Jersey]], [[United States]] || [[April 4]] || 2004 || 2
|-
|[[Red Lake High School massacre]] || [[Red Lake, Minnesota]], [[United States]] || [[March 21]] || 2005 || 10
|-
|[[Campbell County High School (Tennessee)#2005 School shooting|Campbell County High School shooting]] || [[Jacksboro, Tennessee]], [[United States]] || [[November 8]] || 2005 || 1
|-
|[[Pine Middle School shooting]] || [[Reno, Nevada]], [[United States]] || [[March 14]] || 2006 || 0
|-
|[[Essex Elementary School shooting]]<ref>http://www.wcax.com/Global/story.asp?s=5324836</ref> || [[Essex, Vermont]], [[United States]] || [[August 24]] || 2006 || 2
|-
|[[Platte Canyon High School shooting]] || [[Bailey, Colorado]], [[United States]] || [[September 27]] || 2006 || 2
|-
|[[Weston High School shooting]] || [[Cazenovia, Wisconsin]], [[United States]] || [[September 29]] || 2006 || 1
|-
|[[Amish school shooting]] || [[Nickel Mines]], [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] || [[October 2]] || 2006 || 6
|-
|[[Virginia Tech massacre]] || [[Blacksburg, Virginia]], [[United States]] || [[April 16]] || 2007 || 33
|-
|[[Delaware State University shooting]] || [[Dover, Delaware]], [[United States]] || [[September 21]] || 2007 || 1
|-
|[[SuccessTech Academy shooting]] || [[Cleveland, Ohio]], [[United States]] || [[October 10]] || 2007 || 1
|-
||[[Louisiana Technical College#2008 shooting|Louisiana Technical College shooting]] || [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], [[United States]] || [[February 8]] || 2008 || 3
|-
||[[Mitchell High School (Tennessee)|Mitchell High School shooting]] || [[Memphis, Tennessee]], [[United States]] || [[February 11]] || 2008 || 0
|-
||[[E.O. Green School shooting]] || [[Oxnard, California]], [[United States]] || [[February 12]] || 2008 || 1
|-
||[[Northern Illinois University shooting]] || [[DeKalb, Illinois]], [[United States]] || [[February 14]] || 2008 || 6
|-
||[[Central High School (Knoxville, Tennessee)#2008 school shooting|Central High School shooting]] || [[Knoxville, Tennessee]], [[United States]] || [[August 21]] || 2008 || 1
|-
||[[University of Central Arkansas#Shooting|University of Central Arkansas shooting]] || [[Conway, Arkansas]], [[United States]] || [[October 27]] || 2008 || 2
|-
||[[Dillard High School|Dillard High School shooting]] || [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], [[United States]] || [[November 12]] || 2008 || 1
|}
{{fnb|1}} not a "school shooting" in the contemporary sense

====Canada====
{| class=wikitable
!Name || Location || Date/Year || Death Toll || Notes
|-
|[[Centennial Secondary School shooting]] || [[Brampton, Ontario]] [[Canada]] || [[May 28]], [[1975]] || 2 ||<ref>The '''Brampton Centennial Secondary School massacre''' was a [[school shooting]], which occurred at [[Brampton Centennial Secondary School]] in [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. 16-year old gunman Michael Slobodian shot and killed a fellow student, a teacher and injured 13 other students before turning the gun on himself and committing suicide in a school hallway. It was the first school shooting in Canada.[http://www.thestar.com/News/article/217023 Slobodian is the first recorded high-school killer in the country]</ref>
|-
|[[St. Pius X High School shooting|St Pius X High School School]] || [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] || [[October 27]] [[1975]] || 1 || <ref>'''The St. Pius X High School shooting''' was a school shooting that occurred on October 27, 1975, at St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Robert Poulin, an 18-year-old St. Pius student, opened fire on his classmates with a shotgun killing one and wounding five before turning the gun on himself and committing suicide. Poulin had raped and stabbed his 17-year-old friend Kim Rabot to death prior to the incident. A book entitled Rape of a Normal Mind was written about the incident.</ref>
|-
|[[École Polytechnique Massacre]] || [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] || [[December 6]] [[1989]] || 14 ||<ref>The '''École Polytechnique Massacre''', also known as the '''Montreal Massacre''', occurred on [[December 6]], [[1989]] at the [[École Polytechnique de Montréal|École Polytechnique]] in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]. Twenty-five year-old [[Marc Lépine]], armed with a legally obtained [[semi-automatic rifle]] and a [[hunting knife]], shot twenty-eight people, killing fourteen (all of them women) and injuring the other fourteen before killing himself.</ref>
|-
|[[Concordia University massacre]] || [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] || [[August 24]] [[1992]] || 4 ||<ref>The Concordia University massacre was a school shooting on August 24, 1992 that resulted in the deaths of four people at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The shooter was Dr. Valery Fabrikant, a former Associate Professor of mechanical engineering at Concordia and a colleague of the slain men.</ref>
|-
|[[W. R. Myers High School shooting]] || [[Taber, Alberta|Taber]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]] || [[April 28]] [[1999]] || 1 ||<ref>The '''W.R. Myers High School shooting''' occurred on [[April 28]], [[1999]], at [[W. R. Myers High School]] in [[Taber, Alberta|Taber]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]] when a 14-year-old walked into his school and randomly shot at three students, killing Jason Lang and injuring another. [http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/1999/04/28/alberta990428.html One dead, one wounded in Alberta school shooting], cbc.ca, November 10, 1999 This shooting took place only eight days after the [[Columbine High School Massacre]], and is widely believed to have been a [[Copycat crimes|copycat crime]].</ref>
|-
|[[Dawson College shooting]] || [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] || [[September 13]] [[2006]] || 1 ||
<ref> The '''Dawson College shooting''' occurred on [[September 13]], [[2006]] at [[Dawson College]], a [[CEGEP]] in [[Westmount, Quebec|Westmount]] near downtown [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]. The perpetrator, [[Kimveer Gill]], began shooting outside the de Maisonneuve Boulevard entrance to the school, and moved towards the atrium by the cafeteria on the main floor.
{{cite news | title = The Montreal Killer Was a Death-Obsessed Goth | work = Toronto Daily News | date = 2006-09-14 | url = http://www.torontodailynews.com/index.php/WorldNews/2006091420montreal-gunman | accessdate = 2006-09-15}} {{cite news|title=Two gunmen open fire at Dawson College|work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]|date=2006-09-13|url=http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=6332c17e-c92a-4427-a98d-4678301674e3|accessdate=2006-09-13}}
One victim died at the scene, while another 19 were injured, eight of whom were listed in critical condition with six requiring surgery. {{cite news|title=Press Release|work=Service de police de la ville de Montréal|date=September 13, 2006<!-- 11:21pm EDT-->|url=http://www.spvm.qc.ca/fr/documentation/3_1_2_communiques.asp?nocomm=389}} {{cite news|title=UPDATE 7-Gunman kills one, wounds 19 at Montreal college|work=[[Reuters]]|date=September 13, 2006<!-- 7:23pm EDT-->|url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nN13394701|accessdate=2006-09-14}}
{{cite news|title=Woman, gunman dead in Montreal school rampage|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC News]]|date=2006-09-13|url=http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/09/13/shots-dawson.html|accessdate=2006-09-13}}
The shooter later committed suicide by shooting himself in the head, after being shot in the arm by police. {{cite news|title="Montreal gunman killed himself: autopsy"|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|date 2006-09-14 18:11 EDT|url=http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/09/14/qc-dawsoninvestigation.html|accessdate=2006-09-15}}</ref>
|-
|[[C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute shooting]] || [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] || [[May 23]] [[2007]] || 1 ||
<ref>Two 17-year-old Canadian citizens, whom the media can not identify under the provisions of Canada's [[Youth Criminal Justice Act]], were arrested on [[May 27]], [[2007]] and charged with the first-degree murder of a 15-year old student at the [[C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute]]. Prior to one of the arrests, police had taken the unusual step of obtaining a judicial order to publish one suspect's name and photograph as he was considered armed and dangerous. Media reported his identity and photo, then had to take the stories off their websites after he was arrested hours later.</ref>
|-
|[[Bendale Business and Technical Institute shooting]] || [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], || [[September 16]] [[2008]] || 0 ||<ref> A 16 year old boy was shot in the chest in the school's parking lot following an altercation involving several people. No name has yet been released. On [[September 17]], [[2008]], Toronto Police announced it had made 2 arrests of these shooting suspects; 18-year-old Mark Deicsics, has been charged with robbery while armed with a firearm and fail to comply with recognizance and the victim of the shooting and 16-year-old teen, has been charged with robbery while armed with a firearm. His name cannot be released under the limitation's in [[Canada]]'s [[Youth Criminal Justice Act]].</ref>
|}

===Worldwide===
{| class=wikitable
!Name || Location || Date/Year || Notes
|-
|[[Ma'alot massacre]] || [[Ma'alot]], [[Israel]] || [[May 15]], [[1974]] || <ref>22 Religious high school students from safed were shot in netiv meir elementary school by DFLP terrorists.</ref>
|-
|[[Raumanmeri school]] shooting || [[Rauma, Finland|Rauma]], [[Finland]] || [[January 24]] [[1989]] || <ref>Two students were fatally shot by a 14-year old student at the Raumanmeri secondary school. The shooter had claimed to be a victim of [[bullying]].</ref>
|-
|[[Aarhus University Shooting]] || [[Aarhus]], [[Denmark]] || [[April 4]] [[1994]] || <ref>University student shoots and kills three and wounds two others before taking his own life.</ref>
|-
|[[Dunblane massacre]] || [[Dunblane]], [[Scotland]], || [[March 13]] [[1996]] || <ref>The Dunblane massacre was a multiple [[murder-suicide]] which occurred at Dunblane Primary School in the Scottish town of Dunblane on 13 March 1996. Sixteen children and one adult were killed, in addition to the attacker, who committed suicide. It remains the deadliest attack on children in United Kingdom history.</ref>
|-
|[[Sanaa massacre]] || [[Sanaa]], [[Yemen]] || [[March 30]] [[1997]] ||<ref> The Sanaa massacre was a school massacre that occurred in Sanaa, Yemen, on March 30, 1997. [[Mohammad Ahman al-Naziri]], 48, attacked hundreds of pupils at two schools, killing six children and two adults with an assault rifle. Naziri, whose five children attended the Tala'i school, alleged that one of his daughters had been raped by the school administrator. No evidence was found of this. Naziri was sentenced to [[capital punishment|death]] the next day and executed on [[April 5]], [[1997]].</ref>
|-
|[[UP_Sigma_Rho#Related_violence|University of the Philippines shooting]] || [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] || [[February 19]] [[1999]] ||<ref> A student was shot dead by a [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] member after being mistaken for a member of the rival fraternity.</ref>
|-
|[[Erfurt massacre]] || [[Erfurt]], [[Germany]] || [[April 26]] [[2002]] || <ref>The Erfurt massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 26, 2002 at the [[Johann Gutenberg Gymnasium]] in Erfurt, Germany. Sixteen people were killed before the perpetrator committed suicide. The victims comprised 13 school staff (12 teachers and one administrator), two students and one police officer. In addition, seven people were injured.</ref>
|-||
|[[Monash University shooting]] || [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] || [[October 21]] [[2002]] || <ref>The Monash University shooting refers to a shooting in which a student shot his classmates and teacher, killing two and injuring five. It took place at Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on October 21, 2002.</ref>
|-
| [[Pak Phanang school shooting]] || [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]], [[Thailand]] || [[June 6]], [[2003]] || <ref>17-year old Anatcha Boonkwan killed two, injured four of his fellow students after losing a fist-fight with one of his classmates.</ref>
|-
| [[Coburg Shooting]] || [[Coburg]], [[Germany]] || [[July 3]] [[2003]] || <ref>16 year-old student shoots two of his teachers before taking his own life.</ref>
|-
| [[Beslan school hostage crisis]] || [[Beslan]], [[Russia]] || [[September 1]] [[2004]] || <ref>30 + [[Riyadus Salihiin]] militants took over a school in Beslan, Russia. The crisis ended after 3 days, and ended with over 385 people being killed, 186 of which were children.</ref>
|-
| [[Islas Malvinas School]] || [[Carmen de Patagones]], [[Argentina]] || [[September 28]] [[2004]] || <ref>Three students killed and six wounded by a 15-year-old student in a town 620 miles south of [[Buenos Aires]].</ref>
|-
|[[Emsdetten#Emsdetten school shooting|Geschwister Scholl School attack]] || [[Emsdetten]], [[Germany]] || [[November 20]] [[2006]] || <ref>Sebastian Bosse, an 18-year old male, and former student, had fired shots with [[Sawed-off|sawen off]] shotguns on campus, wounding three students and two faculty members. [[Pipe bomb]]s that were set off had injured sixteen police officers and sixteen other people inside the school. The shooter then took his own life.</ref>
|-
|[[Beirut Arab University shooting]] || [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] || [[January 25]] [[2007]] || <ref> Four people were shot dead in clashes between pro- and anti-government activists on Thursday and about 200 were hurt in the violence that flared after a scuffle between students at a Beirut university. The opposition accused the government camp of starting the riots and the four dead included two Hezbollah students, who were fired at from rooftops.</ref>
|-
|[[Jokela school shooting]] || [[Tuusula]], [[Finland]] || [[November 7]] [[2007]] || <ref> The incident resulted in the deaths of nine people: five male students (ages 16-18) and one female adult student (age 25) the school principal, Helena Kalmi (age 61); the school nurse (age 43); and the gunman, Auvinen, himself, who was also one of the school's students. One other person suffered gunshot wounds, and eleven people were injured by shattering glass while escaping from the school building. The day before the incident, Auvinen posted a video on YouTube predicting the massacre at the school.</ref>
|-
|[[Euro International school shooting]] || [[Gurgaon]], [[India]] || [[December 12]] [[2007]] || <ref>The Euro International school shooting occurred on December 12, 2007 at Euro International, a private secondary school in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. The gunmen were 14-year old Akash Yadav and 13-year old Vikas Yadav, who were both students at the school, shot and killed a 14-year old student.</ref>
|-
|[[Mercaz HaRav shooting]]|| [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]] || [[March 6]][[2008]] || <ref> Alaa Abu Dhein, an [[Israeli Arab]]ic yeshiva bus driver, entered the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva with guns blazing, killing eight and wounding seven, before being shot dead himself by a part-time student. This incident, as do many massacres in the [[Levant]], soon took on racial and religious overtones, pitting Palestinians and Israeli Arabs against Jews.</ref>
|-
|[[Kauhajoki school shooting]]|| [[Kauhajoki]], [[Finland]] || [[September 23]][[2008]] || <ref>-</ref>
|}

==Media-famous cases==
<!-- This table is listed in alphabetical order by surname; specifically for intenses media coverage shootings -->

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name|| Location || No of Victims
|-
|[[Riyadus Salihiin]] || Beslan School hostage crisis || 385+
|-
|[[Seung-Hui Cho]] || Virginia Tech massacre || 32
|-
|[[Thomas Hamilton (murderer)|Thomas Hamilton]] || Dunblane massacre || 17
|-
|[[Robert Steinhäuser]] || Erfurt massacre|| 16
|-
|[[Charles Whitman]] ||University of Texas at Austin Tower Massacre|| 15
|-
| [[Marc Lépine]] || Ecole Polytechnique massacre ||14
|-
|[[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] || Columbine High School massacre || 13
|-
|[[Matti Juhani Saari]] || Kauhajoki school shooting, Finland || 10
|-
|[[Jeff Weise]] || Red Lake massacre || 9
|-
|[[Pekka-Eric Auvinen]] || Jokela school shooting, Finland || 8
|-
|[[Andrew Golden]] and [[Mitchell Johnson (murderer)|Mitchell Johnson]] || Jonesboro massacre || 5
|-
|[[Steven Kazmierczak]] || Northern Illinois University shooting || 5
|-
|[[Charles Carl Roberts IV]] || Amish school shooting || 5
|-
|[[Kip Kinkel]] || Thurston High School shooting || 4
|-
|[[Valery Fabrikant]] || Concordia University massacre|| 4
|-
|[[Barry Loukaitis]] || Frontier Junior High shooting || 3
|-
|[[Luke Woodham]] || Shooting at Pearl High School || 3
|-
|[[Michael Carneal]] || Heath High School Shooting|| 3
|-
|[[Robert Poulin]] || St. Pius X High School shooting|| 2
|-
|[[Evan Ramsey]] || Bethel High School shooting || 2
|-
|[[Richland High School shooting|Jamie Rouse]] || Richland High School shooting || 2
|-
|[[Centennial Secondary School shooting|Michael Slobodian]] || Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting || 2
|-
|[[Brenda Ann Spencer]] ||Cleveland Elementary School shooting|| 2
|-
|[[Charles Andrew Williams]] || Shooting at Santana High School || 2
|-
|[[Andrew Wurst]] || Shooting at Parker Middle School || 1
|-
|[[Laurie Dann]] || Hubbard Woods Elementary School shooting || 1
|-
|[[Todd Cameron Smith]] || W. R. Myers High School shooting|| 1
|-
|[[Kimveer Gill]] || Dawson shooting || 1
|}

==Impact==
=== Cultural impact ===
School shootings in the [[USA]] have to a larger extent influenced [[American society]] and [[American culture|culture]], for instance the following lists numerous [[television]], [[film]] and [[Documentary film|documentary]] TV series that have featured at one time or another an incidence of school shootings or person(s) involved. Since so many of the shootings have occurred in the [[USA]], it has impacted the USA more so than any other country. Industries such as [[music]], [[film]], [[literature]] and [[theatrics]] have been actively involved in portraying a killer's behaviour, adding also how victims respond afterwards. Some critics however cite that this has led to [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] attitudes being attributed to killers. [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] however changed many people's view on such stereotypes when they killed together, but nonetheless the stereotypes are very much in society in general. Many thought the killers who perpetrated school massacres were loners but usually had a close group of [[Friendship|friends]] to associate with.

=== Political impact ===
School shootings have also had a [[political]] impact, spurring some to press for more stringent [[gun control]] laws. However, the [[National Rifle Association]] and many Americans are opposed to such laws. Some have called for fewer gun control laws in light of the fact that most of these mass shootings occur in areas where it is illegal for private citizens to be armed, thus making it harder to defend themselves. Such individuals and groups have also called for legislation to allow students the right to carry a concealed firearm, citing some empirical evidence that armed students can stop or at least limit the loss of life during a school shooting, and that the prohibitions against carrying a gun in schools does not deter the gunmen<ref name="lab1">[http://www.learnaboutguns.com/2008/04/30/the-flawed-reasoning-behind-gun-free-zones/ A discussion of the reasoning behind gun free zone, 2007-2008.]</ref>. One such example is the [[Mercaz HaRav Massacre]], where the attacker was not stopped by police but rather a student, Yitzhak Dadon, who stopped the attacker by shooting the attacker with his personal firearm which he lawfully carried concealed on his person.

=== Armed classrooms ===
Some areas in the US are experimenting with the idea of armed classrooms to deter (or truncate) future attacks, presumably by changing helpless victims into armed defenders. Students at the [[University of Utah]] have been allowed to carry [[concealed carry|concealed pistols]] (so long as they possess the appropriate state license) since a [[State Supreme Court]] decision in [[2006]].<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/27/america/NA-GEN-US-Campus-Guns.php "Guns on college campuses allowed in U.S. state Utah" The Associated Press, in ''The International Herald Tribune'', April 27, 2007]</ref><ref>[http://johnrlott.blogspot.com/2006/09/utah-supreme-court-shoots-down.html "Utah Supreme Court Shoots down University of Utah Gun Ban" September 9, 2006, ''John Lott's Website'']</ref> In [[2008]], [[Harrold]], [[Texas]] became the first public school district in the US to allow teachers with state-issued firearm-carry permits to carry their arms in the classroom; special additional training and ricochet-resistant ammunition were required for participating teachers.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/29/us/29texas.html?scp=2&sq=gun+control&st=nyt James C. McKinley Jr.: "In Texas School, Teachers Carry Books and Guns" ''New York Times'', August 28, 2008]</ref>

In a Vernon Daily Record Op/Ed Joseph Gutheinz, who is both a criminal justice college instructor and a retired Senior Special Agent, took his opposition to pilots flying armed in commercial jets and extended it to armed teachers in classrooms. He said "anyone who has ever gone to an indoor pistol range will see ... bullet holes in the ceilings, floor, walls and support beams. The bullet holes were not the target the shooters intended but were due to accidental discharges. Even the best trained with pistols have an off day, and off days can be fatal." He criticized Harrold ISD for not imposing the same standards on its armed teachers that progressive police departments require for rookie cops; those requirements include extensive training, and passage of both a psychological examination and lie detector test. <ref> Armed Teachers recipe for Disaster?, by Joseph Richard Gutheinz, Jr., J.D. Vernon Daily Record, Vernon, Texas, August 24, 2008. </ref> <ref> { http://www.denverpost.com/headlines/ci_8686897 )Cockpit shot fired first since 2001 change, by Joey Bunch. Denver Post, March 25, 2008. </ref> <ref> { http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2008-03-31-armed-pilots_N.htm )More than 10% of pilots allowed to fly armed, by Thomas Frank. USA Today, April 1, 2008 </ref>

It has been said that the armed school approach for preventing school attacks, while new in the US, has been used successfully for many years in [[Israel]] and [[Thailand]]<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel200409022215.asp Dave Kopel: "Follow the Leader: Israel and Thailand set an example by arming teachers." National Review Online, September 02, 2004]</ref>; however, Israel does not arm its teachers or students, but rather provides armed [[guards]] at all school entrances. <ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15142930/ "Wis. lawmaker wants teachers to carry guns: He cites Israel, Thailand; school official says problems are not that bad." Associated Press, at msnbc.msn.com, Oct. 5, 2006]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== See also==
*[[Bullying]]
*[[School violence]]
*[[Social rejection]]
*[[Youth subculture]]
*[[Nagerkovil school bombing|Nagerkovil school bombing, Sri Lanka]]
*[[Chencholai bombing|Chencholai bombing, Sri Lanka]]

==External links==
* [http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/ The Depressive and the Psychopath: The FBI's analysis of the Columbine killers' motives]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/massacre/Story/0,2763,204724,00.html Schoolboy killing stuns Canada] ([[The Guardian]])
* [http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/kids1/index_1.html Crime Library article about school shootings]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4371403.stm BBC timeline of US school shootings]
* [http://www2.indystar.com/library/factfiles/crime/school_violence/school_shootings.html ''Indianapolis Star'': School violence around the world (November 2004)]
*[http://www.alternet.org/story/24801/ The Scene of the Crime Was the Cause of the Crime] - Excerpt from ''Going Postal: Rage, Murder, and Rebellion -- From Reagan's Workplaces to Clinton's Columbine and Beyond'' by [[Mark Ames]].
*[http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/mark_ames/2006/04/dreading_columbine_1.html Dreading Columbine] - Sociological exploration of suburban school shootings.
*[http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309084121/html Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence]
*[http://www.killology.com/article_teachkid.htm Teaching Kids to Kill]
*[http://www.rainbowpediatrics.net/nokilling/shootings.html Chronology of School Shootings]
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15772598/ Held Hostage at Case Western]
*[http://www.studentthreatassessment.org/node/14 Student Threat Assessment and Management System Guide]

===Reports===
* [http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport.cfm Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech Report of the Review Panel]
* U.S. study of school shootings, [http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/PDFs/061002_Safe_Schools.pdf "The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative"]
* Advice for safe schools, [http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/PDFs/061002_School_Threat_Assessment.pdf Threat assessment in schools: A Guide to managing threatening situations and to creating safe school climates]
*[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&ERICExtSearch_Operator_2=and&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=ti&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_2=&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_1=schonfeld&ERICExtSearch_Operator_1=and&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_1=au&ERICExtSearch_PubDate_To=2008&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=school+violence&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_2=kw&ERICExtSearch_SearchCount=2&ERICExtSearch_PubDate_From=0&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&rnd=1202006730465&searchtype=advanced School Violence]

[[Category:Spree shootings]]
[[Category:Murder in the United States]]
[[Category:Crime in Canada]]
[[Category:Education issues]]

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