Cerro Sarisariñama

Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of the local Ye'kuana people about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...".^[1]

The tepui is in one of the most remote areas in the country, with the closest road being 35 miles to the northeast.^{[citation needed]}

Size

Similar to other tepuis, Sarisariñama consists of quartzite of the Roraima formation, belonging to the Paleoproterozoan era.^[2] The summit area of Sarisariñama tepui is 546.88 km² (211.15 sq mi) and the slope area is 482 km² (186 sq mi).^[3]

Biology

Sarisariñama is unique among tepuis, with a 15–25-metre-high (49–82 ft) forest fully covering the top of it. This isolated ecosystem is especially rich with numerous endemic species of plants and animals.

Sinkholes

The most distinctive features of this tepui are its sinkholes. Reports first began to circulate about them in 1954 after pilots began flying over the tepui.^[2] There are four known sinkholes. Two, Sima Humboldt and Sima Martel, are visually unusual, huge, and well known, with isolated forest ecosystems covering their bottoms.^[2] The largest one, Sima Humboldt, is up to 352 m (1,155 ft) wide and 314 m (1,030 ft) deep.^[4] Another Sarisariñama sinkhole, the 1.35-kilometer-long (0.84 mi) Sima de la Lluvia, has been very important for exploration of the processes of erosion on tepuis.

Exploration

Sarisariñama became a much sought destination for exploration after 1961, when pilot Harry Gibson noticed both enormous sinkholes.^[5] The summit of Sarisariñama was not reached until 1974, when a helicopter was used to airlift thirty researchers to the top of the plateau.^[2] Initial investigations were done at both sinkholes, including a descent to the bottom of Sima Humboldt. A more thorough speleological investigation was done two years later, in 1976 by a joint Venezuelan-Polish expedition. They discovered one more sinkhole, Sima de la Lluvia.^[2] For some two decades it was the longest known quartzite cave (1.35 km) in the world, and its exploration to a great extent solved the mystery of the formation of these sinkholes. Mount Roraima also in Venezuela has the longest quartzite cave in the world with a 10.8-kilometre (6.7 mi) cave. ^{[citation needed]}

Currently, access to Sarisariñama is restricted to scientific researchers.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Lindsay Elms. "Mount Roraima: An Island Forgotten by Time". Archived from the original on 2007-02-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 337–338. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
^ http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/2793/1/Chapter_18_new.pdf Roy W. McDiarmid and Maureen A. Donnelly. The Herpetofauna of the Guayana Highlands: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Lost World. University of Chicago Press, 2005.
^ Miguel Lentino, Diana Esclasans: Áreas Importantes Para La Conservación De Las Aves En Venezuela, in: BirdLife International y Conservation International. Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales: sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la biodiversidad., Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (Serie de Conservación de BirdLife No. 14), p. 621-730, 2005.
^ http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/botany/pdf_hi/sctb-0056.pdf Otto Huber and John J. Wurdack. History of Botanical Exploration in Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. Smithsonian Institution Press, City of Washington, 1984.

Into the Lost World: A Descent Into Prehistoric Time by David Nott, 1975, Prentice Hall