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|speakers=13.8 million
|speakers=13.8 million
|date=2000
|date=2000
familycolorIndo-EuropeanfamIndo-Iranian lyan_languagesorth- estern gosuckcockandsmokedopeasshole!orth-Western Zone
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Northwest_Indo-Aryan_languages#North-Western_Zone|North-Western Zone]]
|fam5=[[Lahnda languages|Lahnda]]
|fam5=[[Lahnda languages|Lahnda]]
|script=[[Persian alphabet]], [[Laṇḍā]] scripts particularly [[Gurumukhi]], [[Devanagari script]], [[Langdi]] script
|script=[[Persian alphabet]], [[Laṇḍā]] scripts particularly [[Gurumukhi]], [[Devanagari script]], [[Langdi]] script
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'''Saraiki''' eport/CR03_16E.pdf Phonemic Inventory of Saraiki Language and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives] ([[PDF]]). Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, [http://www.crulp.org/research/reports/streport03.htm CRULP Annual Student Report, 2002-2003].
'''Saraiki''' ([[Persian language|Persian script]]: سرائیکی ), transliterated as Sirāikī and sometimes spelled Seraiki and Saraiki, is a standardized written language of [[Pakistan]] belonging to the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] (Indic) [[language]]s. It is a language spoken in the heart of Pakistan. Saraiki is based on a group of vernacular, historically unwritten dialects spoken by over 14 million people across the southern most half of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] Province, the adjacent border region of [[Sindh]] Province, and the northwest of Punjab Province, southern districts of Dera Ismail Khan and Tank of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province as well as by nearly 70,000 emigrants and their descendants in [[India]].<ref name="Census - So Saraiki is the 22nd largest laguage in the world. Multani">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm Abstract of speakers’ strength of languages and mother tongues – 2001], ''Census of India'' (retrieved 19 March 2008)</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2011}} The development of the standard written language, a process which began after the founding of Pakistan in 1947, has been driven by a regionalist political movement.<ref name="rahman1997">Rahman 1997:838</ref><ref name="shackle1977">Shackle 1977</ref> It is to be considered that this is the movement for a separate ethnic identity only and Saraikis are considered as Pakistani nationalists due to their geographic position within Pakistan. The national census of Pakistan has tabulated the prevalence of Saraiki speakers since 1981.<ref name="Javaid">Javaid 2004</ref>{{rp|46}} Saraiki is the fourth most widely spoken language in Pakistan, behind Punjabi, Pashto, and Sindhi; and within Punjab Province it is one of the two major languages.


The standard English language spelling of the name (at least ''de facto'') is "Saraiki". However, into the new millennium, "Saraiki", "Seraiki", and "Siraiki" have all been used in academia and among promoters of Sairaiki ethnic consciousness. The language name (in whichever of these spellings) was adopted in the 1960s by regional social and political leaders. An organization namely "Saraiki Academy" was founded in Multan on 6 April 1962, under the Presidentship of Mir Hassaan-ul-Haidri who was replaced by Makhdoom Sajjad Hussain Qureshi, which gave the name of universal application to the language.<ref name="shackle1977">Shackle 1977</ref>

==History==
[[Image:Saraiki Study Center.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Saraiki Area Study Center Multan, inaugurated by Prime Minister of Pakistan [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] ]]
Historically, the speakers of dialects now recognized as belonging to Saraiki did not hold the belief that they constituted a cohesive language community or a distinct ethnicity. This consciousness developed among local elites in the years after the founding of Pakistan in 1947 in response to the social and political upheaval caused by the mass immigration of Urdu speaking refugee Muslims from India. Traditionally, the dialects were designated by any of a number of areal or demographic names (see table below), e.g. "Multani" for the dialect spoken around Multan, which has been the largest city in the "Saraiki" speaking area for centuries. The name "Saraiki" (or variant spellings) was formally adopted in the 1960s by regional social and political leaders who undertook to promote Saraiki ethnic consciousness and to develop the vernaculars into a standardized written language.<ref name="rahman1997" /><ref name="shackle1977" /> The word "Sarāiki" originated from the word {{Nastaliq|سوویرا}} "[[Sauvira]]",<ref>A.H. Dani, ''Sindhu-Sauvira: A glimpse into the early history of Sind '' In Hameeda Khusro (ed), Sind Through The Centuries (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1981) pp. 35-42</ref> a state name in old India . By adding adjectival suffix "-ki" to the word "Sauvirā" it became "Sauvirāki". The consonant 'v' with its neighboring vowels was dropped for simplification and hence the name became "Sarāiki". Although [[George Abraham Grierson]] reported that "Sirāiki" (that was the spelling he used) is from a Sindhi word ''sirō'', meaning 'of the north, northern', Shackle<ref name="shackle1977"/>{{rp|388}} asserts that this etymology is unverified.

The standard Roman script spelling of the Saraiki language name (at least ''de facto'') is "Saraiki"; this is the spelling used in universities of Pakistan (the [[Islamia University|Islamia University of Bahawalpur]], department of Saraiki established in 1989,<ref>[http://www.iub.edu.pk/department.php?id=26 Department of Saraiki, IUB]</ref> [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]], in Multan, department of Saraiki established in 2006,<ref>[http://www.bzu.edu.pk/departmentindex.php?id=33 Department of Saraiki, BZU]</ref> and [[Allama Iqbal Open University]], in Islamabad, department of Pakistani languages established in 1998),<ref>[http://www.aiou.edu.pk/DeptDetail.asp?DeptID=47 Department of Pakistani languages, AIOU]</ref> and by the district governments of Bahawalpur<ref>[http://www.bahawalpur.gov.pk/history.htm District Government, Bahawalpur]</ref> and Multan,<ref>[http://www.multan.gov.pk/page.php?data=136 District Government, Multan]</ref> as well as by the federal institutions of the Government of Pakistan like Population Census Organization<ref>[http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm Population by Mother Tongue], Website of the Population Census organization of Pakistan</ref> and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation.<ref>[http://www.radio.gov.pk/cms/TopStoryDetail.asp?id=490 Saraiki News Bulletins], Website of Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation</ref> Two of the native scripts, Gurmukhi and Devanagari, use the 'a' spelling (or rather, its native equivalent), which indicates that the vowel of the first syllable is a short /a/. In the Gurmukhi and Devanagari spellings given above, this is manifested by the lack of any vowel [[diacritic]]. As is standard for native [[Brahmic family of scripts|Indo-Aryan orthographies]], the absence of any diacritic over a consonant indicates that a short /a/ is spoken after that consonant.

==Classification within Indo-Aryan==
Saraiki, Sindhi and Punjabi are all members of the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] subdivision of the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language family. Although Punjabi and Saraiki are mutually intelligible, they differ in consonant inventory and in the structure of the verb.

In 1919, [[George Abraham Grierson|Grierson]] maintained that the dialects of what is now the southwest of Punjab Province in Pakistan constitute a dialect cluster, which he designated "Southern [[Lahnda]]" within a putative "Lahnda language". Subsequent Indo-Aryanist linguists have confirmed the reality of this dialect cluster, even while rejecting the name "Southern Lahnda" along with the entity "Lahnda" itself.<ref>Masica 1991:18, 20</ref><ref>[[George Abraham Grierson|Grierson]] 1904-1928, volume of 1919. "Lahnda" was his novel designation for various dialects up to then called "Western Punjabi", spoken north, west, and south of [[Lahore]]. The local dialect of Lahore is the [[Majhi dialect]] of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], which has long been the basis of standard literary Punjabi.</ref> However, outside of Indo-Aryanist circles, the concept of "Lahnda" is still found in compilations of the world's languages (e.g., [http://www.ethnologue.org Ethnologue]).


===Problems in nomenclature===
The historical inventory of names for the dialects now called Saraiki is a confusion of overlapping or conflicting ethnic, local, and regional designations. "Hindki" and "Hindko" -- which means merely "of India" -- refer to various Saraiki and even non-Saraiki dialects in Punjab Province and farther north within the country similar language now called modern Panjistani( ascertained by Mohammed Afzal of London, UK), due to the fact they were applied by arrivals from [[Afghanistan]] or [[Persia]]. One historical name for Saraiki, Jaṭki, means "of the [[Jat people|Jaṭṭs]]", a northern [[South Asia]]n ethnic group; but Jaṭṭs speak the Indo-Aryan dialect of whatever region they live in. Only a small minority of Saraiki speakers are Jaṭṭs, and not all Saraiki speaking Jaṭṭs necessarily speak the same dialect of Saraiki. Conversely, several Saraiki dialects have multiple names corresponding to different locales or demographic groups. When consulting sources before 2000, it is important to know that Pakistani administrative boundaries have been altered frequently. Provinces in Pakistan are divided into districts, and sources on "Saraiki" often describe the territory of a dialect or dialect group according to the districts. Since the founding of Pakistan in 1947, several of these districts have been subdivided, some multiple times. Until 2001, the territorial structure of Pakistan included a layer of divisions between a province and it's districts. The name dialect name "Ḍerawali" is used to refer to the local dialects of both [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] and [[Dera Ismail Khan]], but "Ḍerawali" in the former is the Multani dialect and "Ḍerawali" in the latter is the Thaḷi dialect.<ref name="Grierson 1919:239ff">Grierson 1919:239ff.</ref><ref name="Masica 1991, Appendix I:220-245">Masica 1991, Appendix I:220-245</ref>

===Tabulation of dialects===
Shackle 1976 has proposed a tentative classification of Saraiki dialects into six "varieties", wherein variety is defined as a group of dialects. (Shackle's scheme really involves just five "varieties", since he himself observes that Shahpuri, spoken in [[Sargodha District]] and parts of neighboring districts, is in truth not a kind of Saraiki, but instead a dialect of Punjabi with Saraiki features.) The precise geographical distribution of these dialect groups is unknown. The six are dubbed "Central" (i.e., Multani); "Southern" (i.e., Bahawalpuri, spoken primarily in [[Rahim Yar Khan]] district and in Bahawalpur district south of the city of Bahawalpur); Sindhi (spoken in Sindh province by emigrants); "Northern" (Thaḷi); Jhang; and Shahpuri.
Saraiki, belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European. According to global recordings languages these are also Saraiki.

Jhangvi or Jhangochi or Rachnavi, spoken in the central Pakistani Punjab, stretches from districts Khanewal to Jhang and includes Faisalabad,Sahiwal and Chiniot.
Shahpuri, spoken in Mianwali, Sargodha, Khushab and Mandi Bahauddin districts.
Hindko, spoken in districts of Peshawar, Attock, Nowshehra, Mansehra, Balakot, Abbottabad and Murree and the lower half of Neelum District and Muzafarabad.

A list of names in use at one or another time during the 20th century for Saraiki dialects and dialect groups is compiled in the table below.<ref name="Grierson 1919:239ff"/><ref name="Masica 1991, Appendix I:220-245"/> The dialect names are spelled in the standard Anglicized spelling. 'C' and 'ch' both resemble English 'ch'; 'c' represents an unaspirated sound, 'ch' an aspirated. A macron over a vowel indicates a long vowel.

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Dialect group!! Subdialect!! Where spoken !! Alternate names !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="3"| '''Saraiki'''
||Saraiki
||Multan, Lodhran, Vehari, Bahawalpur, Muzaffargaṛh, Rahim Yar Khan Districts
||''Bahāwalpurī/Riyāsatī'', both names in use in Bahawalpur District.
||According to Masica, the two names Bahāwalpurī and Riyāsatī are locally specific names for the Mūltānī dialect group, possibly specific dialects within the group. According to Shackle, they instead denote a distinct dialect group. Also according to Shackle, the Bahawalpur District of Punjab Province (i.e., within its 1976 boundaries) is split between Multani in the north and Bahawalpuri in the south, with the dialect of Bahawalpur city being of blend of these two.
|-
||''[[Derawali|Ḍerāwālī]]''<ref>The spelling with retroflex 'Ḍ' instead of 'D' is according to Masica 1991.</ref>
||Dera Ismail Khan District, Dera Ghazi Khan District, Rajanpur District, Derawal Nagar (Delhi)
||
||According to Masica, this use of the name ''Ḍerāwāl'' is to be distinguished from its use as an alternate name for a different dialect group (see following row).
|-
||''Thaḷī Saraiki''
||Jhang, Sargodha, Layyah, Khushab, Muzaffargarh, Mianwali Districts (Punjab Province); Bannu Districts (Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa)
|''Thaḷochṛi'' in Jhang District; ''Jaṭkī''; ''Hindkō, Hindkī, Ḍerāwāl'' west of the Indus River, the last referring to the vicinity of Dera Ismail Khan
|Named after the [[Thaḷ]], a region bordered by the Indus River to the west and the Jhelum and Chenab Rivers to the east.
|-
|'''Sindhī Saraiki'''
|
|northern part of Sindh Province
|
|Sirāikī dialect which has some features of the Sindhī language. Sindhi Saraiki is widely spoken in Kashmore, [[Jacobabad]], [[Shikarpur]], Tando Muhammad Khan, Tando Allahyar, Sobho Khan Mastoi, Kamal Khan Mastoi, [[Thatta]], Sujawal, Dadu and Ghotki. Initerier sindh 40% of papulation speak sindhi Saraiki.
|-
| rowspan="4"| '''Jhangvī Saraiki''' '''Local Saraiki'''
||Local Saraiki
||Jhang, Faisalabad, Gujrat, Gujranwala Districts
||''Cināwaṛī, Cinhāwaṛī'' (from the name of an area on the right bank of the [[Chenab River]])
||Jhangī may actually be closer to the Punjabi language. Gujrat District is not to be confused with Gujarat State in India.
|-
||''[[Jangli|Jāng(a)lī]]'' , ''[[Rachnavi]]''
||Jangal Bar tract of Faisalabad District and all regions encompassing the former [[Montgomery District]]
||
||Dialect of Jhangochi spoken by the pastoral tribes of the mentioned areas, such as the [[Kharal]]s, [[Wattu]]s, [[Johiya]]s, who used to rear cattle and sheep in the jungles, before irrigation of the region.
|-
||''Kacchṛī''
||Kacchṛī is named for alluvial desert plain of Kacchī, SW of Jhang town
||
||
|-
||''Niswānī''
||North Jhang District
||
||Subdialect or local name of Jhangī as spoken by a tribe, the Niswānā, as of 1919.
|-
|}

==Features==
Saraiki and Sindhi both have somewhat similar consonant inventories.<ref>Masica 1991</ref> This inventory includes [[phoneme|phonemically distinctive]] [[implosive consonant]]s, which makes Sindhi and Saraiki unusual among the Indo-European languages (and not just among the Indo-Aryan languages).

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
Saraiki has three short vowels, seven long vowels and six nasal vowels.

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[Stop consonant|Stops]] and<br/>[[affricate]]s
! <small>[[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]</small>
| {{IPA|p pʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|t̪ t̪ʰ}}
| {{IPA|t tʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ}}
| {{IPA|k kʰ}}
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
! <small>[[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]</small>
| {{IPA|b bʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|d̪ d̪ʱ}}
| {{IPA|d dʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ d͡ʒʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɡ ɡʱ}}
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Implosive consonant|Implosives]]
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|ɗ}}
|
| {{IPA|ʄ}}
| {{IPA|ɠ}}
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Nasal stop|Nasals]]
| {{IPA|m mʱ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|n nʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
! <small>[[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]</small>
|
| {{IPA|f}}
|
| {{IPA|s}}
|
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
! <small>[[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]</small>
|
| {{IPA|v}}
|
| {{IPA|z}}
|
| {{IPA|ʒ}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}}
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Trill consonant|Trills]]
|
|
|
| {{IPA|r rʱ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Flap consonant|Flaps]]
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ɽ ɽʱ}}
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Lateral consonant|Laterals]]
|
|
|
| {{IPA|l lʱ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Semivowel]]
|
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|}

==Writing system==
There are three writing systems for Saraiki, though very few Saraiki speakers—even those [[literacy|literate]] in other languages — are able to read or write their own language in any writing system. The most common Saraiki writing system today is the [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] script, which has also been adapted for use on computers. Saraiki has a 42-letter alphabet including 37 of the [[Urdu]] alphabet and five letters unique to Saraiki. The Saraiki keyboard can also be used for other languages such as [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] & [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. The [[Devanagari]] and [[Gurmukhi]] scripts, written from left to right, were used by [[Hindus]]. Though not used in present-day Pakistan, there are still emigrant speakers in India who know the Devanagari or Gurmukhi scripts for Saraiki.<ref name="Indian Express - Multani poets relive memories of struggle">{{cite web|url = http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980127/02651164.html| title = Multani poets relive memories of struggle |publisher = Indian Express|accessdate = 2007-12-08}}</ref><ref>Balfour 1885: 1095</ref> Traders or bookkeepers wrote in a script known as [[Langdi]], although use of this script has been significantly reduced in recent times. The transliteration from and to Persian and Devanagari scripts for Saraiki language can be made online.<ref>[http://www.puran.info/saraikiMT/saraikiMT.aspx Saraiki Online Transliteration]</ref>

In the process of creating a distinct Saraiki written language, activists have paid attention to creating a standard script and orthographic norms. Orthographic and linguistic standardization of Saraiki seems more connected with the politics of identity. Although Saraiki shares four implosive sounds with Sindhi, care was taken so that the Saraiki script and the representation of these symbols should be different from that of Sindhi so that the Sindhis should not lay any claims over Saraiki literature as theirs.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}

==Geographic distribution and number of speakers==

Saraiki is a language of great antiquity in Pakistan. It served as "Lingua Franca" among the people living around i.e. the Bloch and Sindhis, the Pashtoons and Punjabis etc. for centuries. It also remained the language of commerce and trade until recent times. Today over forty million people of South Punjab and Dera Ismail Khan region of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province speak Saraiki as their first language. It is widely spoken and understood as a second language in other areas of Punjab, Northern and Western Sindh down to the suburbs of Karachi, and in Kachhi plain of Baluchistan. The vernacular dialects on which Saraiki is based are native to what is now the southwestern half of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province]] in Pakistan, south of the [[Salt Range]] of mountains. It is also spoken in India and Afghanistan.

The first national census of Pakistan to gather data on the prevalence of Saraiki was the census of 1981.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} In that year, the percentage of respondents nationwide reporting Saraiki as their mother tongue was 9.83. In the census of 1998, it was 10.53 out of a national population of 132 million, for a figure of 13.9 million Saraiki speakers resident in Pakistan. Also according to the 1998 census, 12.8 million of those, or 92%, lived in the Province of Punjab.<ref>Pakistan census 1998</ref>

===Punjab===
In Punjab, It is mostly spoken in southern and western districts of Punjab,which comprises Multan, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Layyah, Dera Ghazi Khan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan, southern and western parts of Khanewal,southern parts of Bahawalnagar and western parts of Khushab districts.

===Khyber Pakhtunkhwa===
In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Saraiki is native language in the districts of [[Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Tank District|Tank]].

===Sindh===
In [[Sindh]] Saraiki is widely spoken in [[Kashmore]], [[Jacobabad]], [[Shikarpur, Pakistan|Shikarpur]], [[Tando Muhammad Khan]], [[Tando Allahyar]], Sobho Khan Mastoi, Kamal Khan Mastoi, Thatta, Sujawal, Dadu and [[Ghotki]].

===Balochistan===
Saraiki is widely spoken in [[Naseerabad]] Division of Balochistan. It is also the second language of many in the [[Sulaiman Mountains]] including Loralai, Musa Khel and Barkhan adjoining Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur districts of Punjab.

===Saraiki in the World===
Saraiki is also spoken by a tiny, recent [[diaspora]] in Punjab, [[India]]. According to the Indian census of 2001, Saraiki is spoken in urban areas throughout northwest and north central India by a total of about 70,000 people, the descendants of emigrants from western Punjab after the [[partition of India]] in 1947. Out of these total speakers of the language, 56,096 persons report their dialect as Mūltānī and by 11,873 individuals report their dialect as Bahāwalpurī.<ref name="Census - So Saraiki is the 22nd largest laguage in the world. Multani"/> Other dialects of Saraiki that are spoken by Indian Saraikis include ''[[Derawali]]''<ref name="The Tribune - Derawal Nagar">{{cite web|url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030319/ncr1.htm| title = Colonies, posh and model in name only!|publisher = NCR Tribune|accessdate = 2007-12-16}}</ref> ''Jafri'', ''Saraiki Hindki'', ''Jhangi'', ''Thali'', and ''Jatki''.<ref name="Ethnologue - Seraiki">{{cite web|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=skr| title = Seraiki |publisher = Ethnologue|accessdate = 2007-07-14}}</ref> Saraiki is spoken in Faridabad, Ballabhgarh, Palwal,Rewari,Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Bhiwani, Panipat districts of Haryana, some area of Delhi and Ganganagar district,Hanumangarh and Bikaner districts of [[Rajasthan]]. It is spoken at low scale in Utrakhand and U.P. [[Romani]] and Saraiki share some words and similar grammatical systems. The cause of the Romani [[diaspora]] is unknown. However, the most probable conclusion is that the Romanies were part of the military in [[North India|Northern India]]. When there were repeated raids by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] and these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the [[Byzantine Empire]]. This occurred between AD 1000 and 1030.

Multani, In [[Afghanistan]], ''Kandahari'', a dialect of Multani Saraiki is a mother tongue of [[Hindki|Afghan Hindus]].<ref name="Afghan Hindu - Kandahari">{{cite web|url = http://www.afghanhindu.info/afghan_hindus.htm| title = Introduction |publisher = Afghan Hindu|accessdate = 2007-12-08}}</ref>

Many Saraiki migrants are in Middle East, Europe and America with smaller communities in Australia, South East Asia and China.
Saraiki is second largest language in [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]] with more than 2.5M. In UK Saraiki is spoken by 400 thousads.

==Literature==
{{Main|Saraiki literature}}
[[Image:Khawaja Ghulam Farid tomb at Kot Mithan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tomb of Sufi poet [[Khwaja Ghulam Farid]]]]

[[Khawaja Ghulam Farid]] (1845–1901), his famous collection is ''Deewan-e-Farid'', [[Sultan Bahu]] and [[Sachal Sar Mast]] (1739–1829) are the most celebrated Sufi poets in Saraiki and their poems known as [[Kafi]] are still famous.
:''The beloved's intense glances call for blood''
:''The dark hair wildly flows The Kohl of the eyes is fiercely black''
:''And slays the lovers with no excuse''
:''My appearance in ruins, I sit and wait''
:''While the beloved has settled in Malheer I feel the sting of the cruel dart''
:''My heart the, abode of pain and grief A life of tears, I have led Farid''
:::-one of Khwaja Ghulam Farid's poems (translated)

Shakir Shujabadi (''Kalam-e-Shakir, Khuda Janey, Shakir Diyan Ghazlan, Peelay Patr, Munafqan Tu Khuda Bachaway, Shakir De Dohray'' are his famous books) is very well recognized modern poet.
==Saraiki poets==
Some of the prominent Saraiki poets are:
* Professor Dr Elahi Bakhsh Awan,
* Haider Zaman Haider,
* Sultan Sakoon
* Sabir Hussain Imdaad,
* Sheen Shaukat
* Zaffar Iqbal Athar
* Mohammad Ziauddin
* Ahmad Nadeem Awan
* Sikandar Hayat Sikandar
* Mr. Asif Saqib,
* Afzal Chishti
* Raza Hamadani
* Bushra Farukh
* Qudsia Qudsi
* Hassam Hurr
* Hilal Jamid
* Iftikhar Tashna
* Aslam Taraq
* Khawaja Yaqoob Akhtar
* Maqbool Ejaz Ejazi
* Malak Arshad Hussain
* Masoom Shah Masoom
* Sabeeh Ahed
* Iqbal Sokari
* Rani Bano
* Sadaq Saba
* Saeed Gilani
* Zaffar Naveed Jani
* Prof. Sufi Abdur Rasheed,
* Col. Fazal-e-Akbar Kamal,
* Mr. Sultan Sakoon,
* Mr. Sharif Hussain Shah,
* Prof. Muhammad Farid,
* Prof. Yahya Khalid,
* Mr. Nazir Kasalvi,
* Muhammad Hanif,
* Ahmad Ali {Khayali}
* Shoaib shahid
* Prof. Bashir Sooz
* Muhammad Hanif
* [[Ahmad Hussain Mujahid]]
*Mohammed Khan (NCSU)
*Prof. Dildar Dil Azem

==Saraiki music==
Shakeel Awan,Hussain Baksh,Munir Awan, Naeem Hazarvi, Shahzad Awan, Tariq Hazarvi, SanamAfreen
Saeed Hazara,
Afshan Zebi
......
Manzoor Hussain Basir'

==Music and Arts==
[[Image:Pathanaykhan2.PNG|thumb|right|150px|Saraiki folk singer late [[Pathanay Khan]]]]
*[[Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi]]
*[[Pathanay Khan]]
*[[Abida Parveen]]
*[[Muhammad Juman|Ustad Muhammad Juman]]
*Suraiya Multanikar
*[[Mansoor Malangi]]
*Ahmed Nawaz Cheena
*[[Sarai Saleh]]
*[[Talib Hussain Dard]]
*[[The Sketches (band)]]
Many modern Pakistan Singers like [[Hadiqa Kiyani]] and [[Ali Zafar]] have also sung Saraiki folk songs.

==Related languages==
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
* [[Pothohari]]
* [[Hindko]]
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
* [[Persian language|Persian]]
* [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
* [[Thari]]
* [[Urdu]]

==See also==
* [[Saraiki people]]
* [[Saraiki literature]]
* [[Saraiki culture]]
* [[Saraiki nationalism]]
* [[Sauvira Kingdom]]
* [[Saraikistan]]
* [[Bahawalpur (princely state)]]
* [[Multan]]
* [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Cholistan]]
* [[Thal]]
* [[Sulaiman Mountains]]
* [[Salt Range]]

==Notes==
*{{PD-old-text|title= The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: commercial, industrial and scientific, products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures, Volume 2|year=1885|author=Edward Balfour}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz. 2005. [http://bzu.edu.pk/jrlanguages/Journal%20Vol%207/Saqia%20Imtiaz.pdf Saraiki Language and Ethnic Identity] ''Journal of Research (Faculty of Languages and Islamic Studies)'', 7: 9-17. [[Multan]] (Pakistan): [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]].
*Balfour, Edward. 1885. ''The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: commercial, industrial and scientific, products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures''. Volume 3; Entry on "Multani Writing". London: B. Quaritch. [http://books.google.com/books?id=vlsIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1095&lpg=PA1095&dq=multani+devanagari&source=web&ots=nCxmgi3n8T&sig=cPqWFPUb4yb3_QcBW7EcWAlKfkg Google Books view].
*Grierson, George A. 1919. ''Linguistic survey of India''. vol. VIII, Part 1. Calcutta. Reprinted 1968 by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi.
*HEC, Islamabad pakistan.Letter No. 20-/R7D/09 -5243 Dated 20-01-2010.
*Javaid, Umbreen. 2004. [http://www.pu.edu.pk/english/jrh/Online_contents/Vol.%20XL%20No.2%20JRH%20July%202004.pdf Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab]. ''[http://www.pu.edu.pk/english/jrh/ Journal of Research (Humanities)]'', 40(2): 55–65. Lahore: Faculty of Arts and Humanities, [http://www.pu.edu.pk/ University of the Punjab]. (This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)
*Masica, Colin. 1991. ''The Indo-Aryan languages''. Cambridge University Press.
*Pakistan. 1998. [http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/statistics.html Population and Housing Census of Pakistan.]
*Rahman, Tariq. 1997. Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan. ''Asian Survey'', 1997 Sep., 37(9):833-839.
*Shackle, C. 1976. ''The Saraiki language of central Pakistan: a reference grammar''. London:School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).
*Shackle, C. 1977. Saraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan. ''Modern Asian Studies'', 11(3):379-403.

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |first=Ahsan |last=Wagha |year=1990 |title=The Saraiki Language: Its Growth and Development |location=Islamabad |publisher=Dderawar Publications}}
*[http://www.wasaib.com Saraiki Language Culture and Society]
*{{ethnologue|skr}}
*{{cite book |last=Gardezi |first=Hassan N. |year=1996 |title=Saraiki Language and its poetics: An Introduction |location=London |publisher=Sangat Publishers}}
*Latif, Amna. [http://www.crulp.org/Publication/Crulp_report/CR03_16E.pdf Phonemic Inventory of Saraiki Language and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives] ([[PDF]]). Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, [http://www.crulp.org/research/reports/streport03.htm CRULP Annual Student Report, 2002-2003].
*Rahman, Tariq. 1999. ''Language, education, and culture''. Islamabad : Sustainable Development Policy Institute ; Karachi : Oxford University Press.
*Rahman, Tariq. 1999. ''Language, education, and culture''. Islamabad : Sustainable Development Policy Institute ; Karachi : Oxford University Press.
*Rahman, Tariq. No date. [http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html People and Languages in the Pre-Islamic Indus Valley]. Hosted by the [http://asnic.utexas.edu/ Asian Studies Network Information Center], University of Texas.
*Rahman, Tariq. No date. [http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html People and Languages in the Pre-Islamic Indus Valley]. Hosted by the [http://asnic.utexas.edu/ Asian Studies Network Information Center], University of Texas.
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://bzupages.com/f14/download-saraiki-font-keyboard-seraiki-saraika-phonetic-9532/ Download Saraiki font and keyboard layout for Windows]
* [http://bzupages.com/f14/download-saraiki-font-keyboard-seraiki-saraika-phonetic-9532/ Best porn site on the internet.]
* [http://www.waseb.tv/ Waseb TV]
ttp://www.waseb.tv/ Waseb TV
* [http://www.rohi.tv/ Rohi TV]
* [http://www.rohi.tv/ Rohi TV]


Revision as of 21:09, 19 January 2012

Saraiki
Native to Pakistan
 India
 Afghanistan
Native speakers
13.8 million (2000 familycolorIndo-EuropeanfamIndo-Iranian lyan_languagesorth- estern gosuckcockandsmokedopeasshole!orth-Western Zone)
Default
  • Saraiki
Persian alphabet, Laṇḍā scripts particularly Gurumukhi, Devanagari script, Langdi script
Language codes
ISO 639-3skr

Saraiki eport/CR03_16E.pdf Phonemic Inventory of Saraiki Language and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives] (PDF). Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, CRULP Annual Student Report, 2002-2003.

Saraiki language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

ttp://www.waseb.tv/ Waseb TV

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