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Sapphire Rapids

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Sapphire Rapids
General information
LaunchedJanuary 10, 2023; 20 months ago (2023-01-10)
Marketed byIntel
Designed byIntel
Common manufacturer
  • Intel
CPUID code806F6
Product code80713
Performance
Max. CPU clock rateUp to 4.8 GHz
QPI speeds16 GT/s
DMI speeds16 GT/s
Cache
L1 cache80 KB per core (32 KB instruction + 48 KB data)
L2 cache2 MB per core
L3 cacheUp to 112.5 MB (1.875 MB per core)
L4 cache64 GB HBM2a (Xeon Max only)
Architecture and classification
ApplicationServer
Workstation
Embedded
Technology nodeIntel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
MicroarchitectureGolden Cove
Instruction setx86-64
InstructionsMMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, AVX-512, AVX-VNNI, TSX, AMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, RDRAND,UINTR
Extensions
Physical specifications
Cores
  • 6-60 per socket
Memory (RAM)
  • Up to 4 TB per socket
  • Up to octa-channel DDR5-4800 with ECC support
Package
Socket
Products, models, variants
Product code name
  • SPR
Models
  • Sapphire Rapids-SP
  • Sapphire Rapids-WS
  • Sapphire Rapids-HBM
Brand names
  • Xeon Bronze/Sliver/Gold/Platinum
  • Xeon Max Series
  • Xeon w3/w5/w7/w9
History
PredecessorsIce Lake (workstations, 1S and 2S servers)
Cooper Lake (4S and 8S servers)
SuccessorEmerald Rapids
Support status
Supported

Sapphire Rapids is a codename for Intel's server (fourth generation Xeon Scalable) and workstation (Xeon W-2400/2500 and Xeon W-3400/3500) processors based on the Golden Cove microarchitecture and produced using Intel 7.[1][2][3][4] It features up to 60 cores and an array of accelerators, and it is the first generation of Intel server and workstation processors to use a chiplet design.

Sapphire Rapids is part of the Eagle Stream server platform.[5][6] In addition, it powers Aurora, an exascale supercomputer in the United States, at Argonne National Laboratory.[7]

History

[edit]

Sapphire Rapids has been a long-standing Intel project along Alder Lake in development for over five years and has been subjected to many delays.[8] It was first announced by Intel at their Investor Meeting in May 2019 with the intention of Sapphire Rapids succeeding Ice Lake and Cooper Lake in 2021.[9][10] Intel again announced details on Sapphire Rapids in their August 2021 Architecture Day presentation with no mention of a launch date.[11]

Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger tacitly blamed the previous Intel leadership as a reason for Sapphire Rapid's many delays.[8] One industry analyst firm claimed that Intel was having problems with yields from its Intel 7 node with yields of 50–60% on higher core-count silicon.[12] Sapphire Rapids was originally scheduled for a launch in the first half of 2022.[13] It was later scheduled for release in Q4 2022 but was again delayed to early 2023.[14] The specific announcement date of January 10, 2023 was not revealed by Intel until November 2022.[15]

The server processor lineup was released on January 10, 2023, and the workstation processor lineup was released on February 15, 2023.[16] Those processors were available for shipping on March 14 of that year.[17] Intel shipped the millionth of this generation Xeon processors in 2023.[18]

Features

[edit]

CPU

[edit]
Further information: Golden Cove (microarchitecture)

Accelerators

[edit]
  • In-Field Scan (IFS), a technology that allows for testing the processor for potential hardware faults without taking it completely offline[26]
  • Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA), allows for speeding up data copy and transformation between different kinds of storage[27][28]
  • QuickAssist Technology (QAT), allows for improved performance of compression and encryption tasks[28]
  • Dynamic Load Balancer (DLB), allows for offloading tasks of load balancing, packet prioritization and queue management[28]
  • In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA), allows accelerating in-memory databases and big data analytics[28]

Not all accelerators are available in all processor models. Some accelerators are available under the Intel On Demand program, also known as Software Defined Silicon (SDSi), where a license is required to activate a given accelerator that is physically present in the processor. The license can be obtained as a one-time purchase or as a paid subscription. Activating the license requires support in the operating system. A driver with the necessary support was added in Linux kernel version 6.2.[29][28]

I/O

[edit]

Die configurations

[edit]

Sapphire Rapids come in two varieties: the low-core-count variety uses a single die (MCC), and the high-core-count variety uses multiple dies on a single package (XCC).

XCC multi-die configuration

[edit]
  • Multi-chiplet chip with four tiles linked by 2.5D Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridges. Each tile is a 400mm2 system on a chip, providing both compute cores and I/O.[32]
    • Each tile contains 15 Golden Cove cores, and a single UPI link
    • Each tile's memory controller provides two channels of DDR5 ECC supporting 4 DIMMs (2 per channel) and 1 TB of memory with a maximum of 8 channels, 16 DIMMs, and 4 TB memory across 4 tiles[33]
    • A tile provides up to 32 PCIe 5.0 lanes, but one of the eight PCIe controllers of a CPU is usually reserved for DMI, resulting in a maximum of 112 non-chipset lanes. This maximum is only reached in the W-3400 series processors, while the server processors have 80 (20 per tile).[34]

List of Sapphire Rapids processors

[edit]

Sapphire Rapids-HBM (High Bandwidth Memory/Xeon Max Series)

[edit]

Xeon Max processors contain 64 GB of High Bandwidth Memory.

Model
number 		Cores
(threads) 		Base
clock 		Turbo Boost Smart
cache 		TDP Maxi-
mum
scala-
bility 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support 		UPI
links 		Release
MSRP
(USD)
All
core 		Single
core
9480 56 (112) 1.9 GHz 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 112.5 MB 350 W 2S 4800 MT/s 4 $12980
9470 52 (104) 2.0 GHz 2.7 GHz 105.0 MB $11590
9468 48 0(96) 2.1 GHz 2.6 GHz 0$9900
9460 40 0(80) 2.2 GHz 2.7 GHz 097.5 MB 3 0$8750
9462 32 0(64) 2.7 GHz 3.1 GHz 075.0 MB 0$7995

Sapphire Rapids-SP (Scalable Performance)

[edit]

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-SP competes with AMD's Epyc 8004/9004 Genoa with up to 96 cores and Bergamo with up to 128 cores. Sapphire Rapids Xeon server processors are scalable from single-socket configurations up to 8 socket configurations.[35][36]

Suffixes to denote:[37]

  • +: Includes 1 of each of the four accelerators: DSA, IAA, QAT, DLB
  • H: Database and analytics workloads, supports 4S (Xeon Gold) and/or 8S (Xeon Platinum) configurations and includes all of the accelerators
  • M: Media transcode workloads
  • N: Network/5G/Edge workloads (High TPT/Low Latency), some are uniprocessor
  • P: Cloud and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) workloads
  • Q: Liquid cooling
  • S: Storage & Hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) workloads
  • T: Long-life use/High thermal case
  • U: Uniprocessor (some workload-specific SKUs may also be uniprocessor)
  • V: Optimized for cloud and software as a service (SaaS) workloads, some are uniprocessor
  • Y: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled (some workload-specific SKUs may also support SST-PP)
  • Y+: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled and includes 1 of each of the accelerators.
Model
number 		Cores
(threads) 		Base
clock 		Turbo Boost Smart
cache 		TDP Maxi-
mum
scala-
bility 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support 		UPI
links 		Release
MSRP
(USD)
All
core 		Single
core
Xeon Platinum (8400)
8490H 60 (120) 1.9 GHz 2.9 GHz 3.5 GHz 112.5 MB 350 W 8S 4800 MT/s 4 $17000
8488C 48 (96) 2.4 GHz 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 105.0 MB 385 W 2S ?
8487C 56 (112) 1.9 GHz ? 3.8 GHz 350 W ?
8481C 2.0 GHz 2.9 GHz ?
8480+ 3.0 GHz 4 $10710
8480C
8478C 48 (96) 2.2 GHz ? ?
8475B 2.7 GHz 3.2 GHz 97.5 MB ?
8474C 2.1 GHz ? ?
8473C 52 (104) 2.9 GHz 105.0 MB ?
8471N 1.8 GHz 2.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 97.5 MB 300 W 1S 4 $5171
8470Q 2.1 GHz 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 105.0 MB 350 W 2S $9410
8470N 1.7 GHz 2.7 GHz 3.6 GHz 97.5 MB 300 W $9520
8470 2.0 GHz 3.0 GHz 3.8 GHz 105.0 MB 350 W $9359
8469C 48 (96) 2.6 GHz 3.1 GHz 97.5 MB ?
8468V 2.4 GHz 2.9 GHz 330 W 3 $7121
8468H 2.1 GHz 3.0 GHz 105.0 MB 8S 4 $13923
8468 3.1 GHz 350 W 2S $7214
8465C 52 (104) 2.9 GHz ?
8462Y+ 32 (64) 2.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 4.1 GHz 60.0 MB 300 W 3 $5945
8461V 48 (96) 2.2 GHz 2.8 GHz 3.7 GHz 97.5 MB 1S 0 $4491
8460Y+ 40 (80) 2.0 GHz 105.0 MB 2S 4 $5558
8460H 2.2 GHz 3.1 GHz 3.8 GHz 330 W 8S $10710
8458P 44 (88) 2.7 GHz 3.2 GHz 82.5 MB 350 W 2S 3 $7121
8454H 32 (64) 2.1 GHz 2.7 GHz 3.4 GHz 270 W 8S 4 $6540
8452Y 36 (72) 2.0 GHz 2.8 GHz 3.2 GHz 67.5 MB 300 W 2S $3995
8450H 28 (56) 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 75.0 MB 250 W 8S $4708
8444H 16 (32) 2.9 GHz 3.2 GHz 4.0 GHz 45.0 MB 270 W $4234
8432C 40 (80) ? ? 3.8 GHz ? 350 W 2S ?
8422C 36 (72) ? ? ? ? ?
Xeon Gold (5400 and 6400)
6462C 32 (64) 3.3 GHz ? ? 60.0 MB ? 2S 4800 MT/s ?
6458Q 3.1 GHz 4.0 GHz 350 W 3 $6416
6456C 2.9 GHz 3.3 GHz 4.1 GHz 280 W ?
6454S 2.2 GHz 2.8 GHz 3.4 GHz 270 W 4 $3157
6448Y 2.1 GHz 3.0 GHz 4.1 GHz 225 W 3 $3583
6448H 2.4 GHz 3.2 GHz 250 W 4S $3658
6444Y 16 (32) 3.6 GHz 4.0 GHz 45.0 MB 270 W 2S $3622
6442Y 24 (48) 2.6 GHz 3.3 GHz 4.0 GHz 60.0 MB 225 W $2878
6438Y+ 32 (64) 2.0 GHz 2.8 GHz 205 W $3141
6438N 2.7 GHz 3.6 GHz $3351
6438M 2.2 GHz 2.8 GHz 3.9 GHz $3273
6434H 8 (16) 3.7 GHz 4.1 GHz 22.5 MB 195 W 4S $3070
6434 2S $2607
6430 32 (64) 2.1 GHz 2.6 GHz 3.4 GHz 60.0 MB 270 W 4400 MT/s $2128
6428N 1.8 GHz 2.5 GHz 3.8 GHz 185 W 4000 MT/s $3200
6426Y 16 (32) 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 4.1 GHz 37.5 MB 4800 MT/s $1517
6421N 32 (64) 1.8 GHz 2.6 GHz 3.6 GHz 60.0 MB 1S 4400 MT/s $2368
6418H 24 (48) 2.1 GHz 2.9 GHz 4.0 GHz 4S 4800 MT/s $2065
6416H 18 (36) 2.2 GHz 4.2 GHz 45.0 MB 165 W $1444
6414U 32 (64) 2.0 GHz 2.6 GHz 3.4 GHz 60.0 MB 250 W 1S 0 $2296
5420+ 28 (56) 2.7 GHz 4.1 GHz 52.5 MB 205 W 2S 4400 MT/s 3 $1848
5418Y 24 (48) 2.8 GHz 3.8 GHz 45.0 MB 185 W $1483
5418N 1.8 GHz 2.6 GHz 165 W 4000 MT/s $1664
5416S 16 (32) 2.0 GHz 2.8 GHz 4.0 GHz 30.0 MB 150 W 4400 MT/s $944
5415+ 8 (16) 2.9 GHz 3.6 GHz 4.1 GHz 22.5 MB $1066
5412U 24 (48) 2.1 GHz 2.9 GHz 3.9 GHz 45.0 MB 185 W 1S 0 $1113
5411N 1.9 GHz 2.8 GHz 165 W 3 $1388
Xeon Silver (4400)
4416+ 20 (40) 2.0 GHz 2.9 GHz 3.9 GHz 37.5 MB 165 W 2S 4000 MT/s 2 $1176
4410Y 12 (24) 2.8 GHz 30.0 MB 150 W $563
4410T 10 (20) 2.7 GHz 3.4 GHz 4.0 GHz 26.25 MB $624
Xeon Bronze (3400, 3500)
3508U 8 (8) 2.1 GHz 2.2 GHz 22.5 MB 125 W 1S 4400 MT/s 0 $415-$425
3408U 1.8 GHz 1.9 GHz 4000 MT/s

Sapphire Rapids-WS (Workstation)

[edit]
56-core CPU Intel Xeon w-3495X equipped with 256 GiB DDR5 RAM

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-WS competes with AMD's Threadripper PRO 5000WX Chagall with up to 64 cores.[38] Like Intel's Core product segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9.[39] Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and was made available for OEMs in March.[40][41] CPUs with "X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking.[42]

  • No suffix letter: Locked clock multiplier
  • X: Unlocked clock multiplier (adjustable with no ratio limit)
  • Xeon W-2400/2500 uses a monolithic design and supports up to 64 PCI Express 5.0 lanes, while Xeon W-3400/3500 uses a chiplet design and supports up to 112 lanes. Both support 8 DMI 4.0 lanes.
Model Cores
(threads) 		Clock rate (GHz) Smart
cache 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support 		TDP Release
MSRP
(USD)
Base Turbo Boost Base Turbo
2.0 3.0
Xeon W-3400 (SPR-112L)
w9-3495X 56 (112) 1.9 4.6 4.8 105 MB 8-channel
4800 MT/s
4 TB 		350 W 420 W $5889
w9-3475X 36 (72) 2.2 82.5 MB 300 W $3739
w7-3465X 28 (56) 2.5 75.0 MB 360 W $2889
w7-3455 24 (48) 67.5 MB 270 W 324 W $2489
w7-3445 20 (40) 2.6 52.5 MB $1989
w5-3435X 16 (32) 3.1 4.5 4.7 45.0 MB $1589
w5-3425 12 (24) 3.2 4.4 4.6 30.0 MB $1189
Xeon W-2400 (SPR-64L)
w7-2495X 24 (48) 2.5 4.6 4.8 45.0 MB 4-channel
4800 MT/s
2 TB 		225 W 270 W $2189
w7-2475X 20 (40) 2.6 37.5 MB $1789
w5-2465X 16 (32) 3.1 4.5 4.7 33.75 MB 200 W 240 W $1389
w5-2455X 12 (24) 3.2 4.4 4.6 30.0 MB $1039
w5-2445 10 (20) 3.1 26.25 MB 175 W 210 W $839
w3-2435 8 (16) 4.3 4.5 22.5 MB 4-channel
4400 MT/s
2 TB 		165 W 198 W $669
w3-2425 6 (12) 3.0 4.2 4.4 15.0 MB 130 W 156 W $529
w3-2423 2.1 4.0 4.2 120 W 144 W $359
Model Cores
(threads) 		Clock rate (GHz) Smart
cache 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support 		TDP Release
MSRP
(USD)
Base Turbo Boost Base Turbo
2.0 3.0
Xeon W-3500 (SPR-112L)
w9-3595X 60 (120) 2.0 4.6 4.8 112.5 MB 8-channel
4800 MT/s
4 TB 		385 W 462 W $5889
w9-3575X 44 (88) 2.2 97.5 MB 340 W 408 W $3789
w7-3565X 32 (64) 2.5 82.5 MB 335 W 402 W $2689
w7-3555 28 (56) 2.7 75.0 MB 325 W 390 W $2339
w7-3545 24 (48) 67.5 MB 315 W 372 W $2039
w5-3535X 20 (40) 2.9 52.5 MB 300 W 360 W $1689
w5-3525 16 (32) 3.2 45.0 MB 290 W 348 W $1389
Xeon W-2500 (SPR-64L)
w7-2595X 26 (52) 2.8 4.6 4.8 48.75 MB 4-channel
4800 MT/s
2 TB 		250 W 300 W $2039
w7-2575X 22 (44) 3.0 45.0 MB $1689
w5-2565X 18 (36) 3.2 37.5 MB 240 W 288 W $1339
w5-2555X 14 (28) 3.3 33.75 MB 210 W 252 W $1069
w5-2545 12 (24) 3.5 4.5 4.7 30.0 MB $889
w3-2535 10 (20) 4.4 4.6 26.25 MB 185 W 222 W $739
w3-2525 8 (16) 4.3 4.5 22.5 MB 175 W 210 W $609

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cutress, Ian (August 13, 2020). "Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP". AnandTech. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  2. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (October 14, 2019). "Intel Sapphire Rapids & Granite Rapids Xeons Are LGA 4677 Compatible". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  3. ^ Cutress, Ian (February 17, 2022). "Intel Discloses Multi-Generation Xeon Scalable Roadmap: New E-Core Only Xeons in 2024". AnandTech. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  4. ^ Shilov, Anton (October 27, 2020). "Intel: Alder Lake Sampling, Sapphire Rapids Samples in Q4". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  5. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (May 21, 2019). "Intel Xeon Roadmap Leak, 10nm Ice Lake, Sapphire Rapids CPU Detailed". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  6. ^ Alcorn, Paul (June 29, 2021). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids Roadmap Slips: Enters Production in 2022". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
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  23. ^ Larabel, Michael (April 10, 2023). "Intel User Interrupts Still Baking For Linux 6.5+ With Sapphire Rapids". Phoronix. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  24. ^ "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developers Manual, Volume 3, Chapter 7: User Interrupts". Intel. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  25. ^ "Linux Kernel Patches for User Interrupts". GitHub. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  26. ^ Larabel, Michael (December 16, 2022). "Intel IFS Ready To Weed Out Faulty Silicon With Linux 6.2". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  27. ^ Jiang, Dave (November 20, 2019). "Introducing the Intel® Data Streaming Accelerator (Intel® DSA)". 01 Intel Open Source. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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  38. ^ Liu, Zhiye (July 23, 2022). "Intel Sapphire Rapids Workstation Specs Leaked: Up To 56 Cores, 350W TDP". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
  39. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (July 23, 2022). "Intel Sapphire Rapids-WS Xeon Workstation CPU Lineup Specs Leaked: Xeon W9 Up To 56 Cores, Xeon W7 Up To 28 Cores, Xeon W5 Up To 16 Cores". Wccftech. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
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