Cantwell's Castle
| Cantwell's Castle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | tower house |
| Location | Sandfordscourt, County Kilkenny, Ireland |
| Nearest city | Kilkenny |
| Coordinates | 52°40′57″N 7°11′42″W / 52.68247°N 7.19508°W |
| Area | barony of Gowran |
| Founder | Cantwell family |
| Original use | castle |
| Owner | Cantwell family |
Invalid designation | |
| Official name | Cantwell's Castle |
| Reference no. | KK015-021001 |
  Location of Cantwell's Castle in Ireland | |
Cantwell's Castle is a tower house located in the townland of Sandfortscourt in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It served as the main residence for the head of the Cantwell family, While debated of who owned it in its final days the facts point to the Cantwell Family. Before a siege of the Cantwell castle from Oliver Cromwells army which led to Cromwells army being forced away with the Cantwells taking control even though two of the three castles were significantly damaged. [1]
Location
[edit]Cantwell's Castle is situated in the southern part of the townland of Sandfordscourt, formerly known as Cantwellscourt, approximately 7.5km from Kilkenny City. The closest tower houses to Cantwell's Castle are Ballyfoyle Castle in Ballyfoyle, in the medieval period in possession of the Purcell family, and Clara Castle, formerly a Shortall castle.
History
[edit]The Cantwells arrived in Ireland with Strongbow, the first one mentioned in 1177 was Hugh de Cantwelle.[2] They were possibly from Suffolk,[3] very likely Kentwell Hall.[4] At the time, surnames as such did not exist, so that spelling variations of "Cantwell" also include "Conteville", with "Cantuell" being the oldest form.[5]
Once settled in Ireland, they held lands in the parish of Rathcoole (which Sandfordscourt belongs to), Cloghscregg (northeast of Thomastown, County Kilkenny), Stroan (Kilfane near Thomastown), but also in Tipperary. There are still tower-houses associated with the Cantwells in Kilfane (see Cantwell Fada), Cloghscregg, Mellisson (Tipperary)[6] and in Moycarky (Tipperary) with an impressively high wall adjacent to the castle.
In 1381, then called Cantwellscourt is described as "with a good castle in repair and a water mill".[7] Both are still shown on the Down Survey map,[8] but there are no longer any traces of the mill. The Down Survey shows a second castle north of the ruins of the tower house which was known as Cantwell's Court. Between the two locations, cropmarks still indicate a settlement and the fields are still known as the "Castle Field", "Court Field" and "Near Court Field" (see illustration to the left).
A townland to the northwest of Sandfordscourt was named "Cantwellsgarron" on the Down Survey map, but has also been renamed into "Grove or Cramersgrove" (Irish Garrán or Garrán Chraiméir,[9] sometimes falsely Creamersgrove[10]) after Tobias Cramer, Cromwellian grantee.[11]
At the time of the Confederation of Kilkenny, John Cantwell who was Provost Marshal of the Confederates, is named as the owner. For his involvement against Cromwell, he was transplanted to Connaght with his mother and other relations.[12]
The castle was used as a garrison by English, Welsh, and Scottish officers in 1649 who sent some of their men to negotiate with Cromwell who was approaching Kilkenny to exchange the castle against their retreat to leave Ireland. He accepted their terms.[13]
The Down Survey names John Cantwell Sn. as the owner.[14]
The property went into the hands of English man Charles Sandford,[13] who renamed the townland after himself. He died in 1701, is buried in St. Canice's Cathedral and was succeeded by his son Thomas Sandford[13] who was mayor of Kilkenny in 1723.
After the Sandford family went extinct, the land was taken over by Thomas Cahill who died in 1810.[15]
At the time of the Griffith Valuation, the land was owned by Mrs. Ellen Cahill.[16]
Nothing remains in situ of the (presumably) manor house Cantwell's Court apart from a cobble-stoned courtyard discovered by the current owner.[17] It is still shown on the earliest versions of the Ordnance Survey maps. Its stones are thought to have been used by the earlier owner Thomas Cahill to build a more modern house.
Building
[edit]
The limestone-built castle sits on a partly surviving bawn,[18][19] the court-yard wall having been almost completely dismantled by 18th century farmer of the land Thomas Cahill.[13] The tower house is four storeys high and measures 10m from north to south, and 8.2m from east to west.[15]
The entrance in the south-east still (or again) has a drawbar in use to secure it[20] and additionally had a yett.[21] The ground floor has two outwardly splaying windows, in the northeastern and northwestern walls.[22] Carrigan says that shows the castle was built when archery was still in practice.[13] One points to an area within the bawn wall, the other one towards a southwesterly direction.
The ground floor has a small fireplace in the northwestern wall, which leads to the presumption that it was used as accommodation.[18] This is rather unusual, because the ground floor of a tower house of this type was usually used for storage.[23] There is also a cupboard in the north corner.
There was another drawbar between the ground and first floor in a Gothic doorway.[21] The first floor has disappeared, but corbel stones still bear witness to its existence. It is thought to have been used for storage.
Two more drawbars, the second in another Gothic doorway, secured the second floor.[21]
The second floor or Hall (still accessible) rests on the vault and also has a fireplace and the garderobe in the northwestern wall.
The third floor (now floorless) contained the main accommodation with another fireplace, two ogee-headed windows and a recess in the south wall which is known as leabha chaol cruadh an Channtulaigh[7][13] or the hard, narrow bed of Cantwell.
The last floor is the attic, entered through a square-headed door and only accessible crossing the main hall,[18][24] now floorless. There are window seats in large upper floor windows which still allow for a great view. There are two murder-holes, one between the ground and first floor, the second between the first and second floor.[21]
A wall walk ran on top of the castle.
The staircase is mural, starting left of the entrance door and running clockwise in the walls.
A drawbar slot discovered by a family member of the present owners, stranded in Ireland during the first COVID lockdown, suggests a gate and thus maybe access from a road to the southwest. Another road connecting the castle with the Sandfordscourt Road to the east from left of the house now called "Castle View" is lost, but traces can still be made out in satellite view in the Court Field, and there are four old trees suggesting an entrance into the avenue in the Court Field.[25]
Gallery
[edit]-
Remains of the bawn -
View onto Cantwell's Castle from the Southwest -
Drawbar slot and drawbar at the entrance doorway -
Murder hole leading down to the lobby -
Second murder hole leading down to the entrance onto the first floor -
The doorway leading to the wall walk -
One of the ogee windows
Other Cantwell Castles
-
-
Kilfane Castle, a presbytery attached to Kilfane church -
Cloghscregg Castle ruins
References
[edit]- ^ Hegarty, Maureen (1987). "Kilfane". Old Kilkenny Review: 12.
- ^ Cantwell Roberts, John (2007). The Early Cantwells of Ireland - Origins and Descent. Kilkenny.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Hegarty, Maureen (1987). "Kilfane". Old Kilkenny Review: 11.
- ^ Cantwell Roberts, John (2007). The Early Cantwells of Ireland - Origins and Descent. Kilkenny. p. 1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Cantwell Roberts, John (2007). The Early Cantwells of Ireland - Origins and Descent. Kilkenny. p. 1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Historic Environment Viewer". Historic Environment Viewer. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ a b O'Kelly, Owen (1985). Place-Names of COUNTY KILKENNY (PDF). Kilkenny Archaeological Society. p. 90. ISBN 0950168785.
- ^ "Down Survey maps". Down Survey maps @TCD.
- ^ O'Kelly, Owen (1985). Place-Names of COUNTY KILKENNY (PDF). Kilkenny Archaeological Society. p. 84. ISBN 0950168785.
- ^ Birthistle, Dorcas (1993). "Some tower houses in the barony of Gowran, County Kilkenny". Kilkenny - Studies in Honour of Margaret M. Phelan: 34.
- ^ Hegarty, Maureen (1987). "Kilfane". Old Kilkenny Review: 13.
- ^ a b c d e f Carrigan, William (1905). The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory. p. 274. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ Morris, Samantha (2018). "An examination of the architectural features of tower houses in the Gowran barony". Old Kilkenny Review. 70: 34.
- ^ a b Carrigan, William (1905). The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory. p. 275. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ Griffith Valuation, p. 101
- ^ Personal conversation of the original author with the owner
- ^ a b c Morris, Samantha (2018). "An examination of the architectural features of tower houses in the Gowran barony". Old Kilkenny Review. 70: 26.
- ^ survey 2021-06-21
- ^ Survey 2021
- ^ a b c d McCarthy, John (2007). An Exploration of the Space In and Around the Tower Houses of South-East Kilkenny. Belfast. p. 114.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ McCarthy, John (2007). An Exploration of the Space In and Around the Tower Houses of South-East Kilkenny. Belfast. p. Appendix A37.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ McCarthy, John (2007). An Exploration of the Space In and Around the Tower Houses of South-East Kilkenny. Belfast. p. 124.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ McCarthy, John (2007). An Exploration of the Space In and Around the Tower Houses of South-East Kilkenny. Belfast. p. 121.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Survey 2021-06-21