San Benedicto rock wren
| San Benedicto rock wren | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | Salpinctes |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | S. o. exsul
|
| Trinomial name | |
| Salpinctes obsoletus exsul (Ridgway, 1903)
| |
The San Benedicto rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus exsul) is a small extinct passerine which was endemic to San Benedicto Island in the Revillagigedo Islands off Mexico. It was a subspecies of the rock wren.
Extinction
[edit]
San Benedicto is a volcano, like all the Revillagigedo group. Unlike, for example, Roca Partida, it was still active in recent times. On August 1, 1952, lava fountains started to break out of the Boquerón vent, located in a rift between the two older volcano cones. By around 8:45, ejecta were thrown up for several km in a severe vulcanian eruption of magnitude 3 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale; pyroclastic flows rolled over the island.[1][2][3]
Two weeks later, the entire island was covered in ash and pumice up to 10 ft (3 m) deep. Bárcena crater, nearly 1100 ft high (over 300 m), rose where the wren's habitat had previously existed. The birds were never seen again.[1]
This rock wren was the only endemic terrestrial bird on San Benedicto. It was one of but two landbirds on San Benedicto, sharing the island with western ravens, which were wiped out by the eruption as well.[1] Unlike many species that have become extinct in modern times, humans were not responsible for the San Benedicto Rock Wren's extinction.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Brattstrom, Bayard H. & Howell, Thomas R. (1956). "The Birds of the Revilla Gigedo Islands, Mexico" (PDF). Condor. 58 (2): 107–120. doi:10.2307/1364977. JSTOR 1364977.
- ^ Mattox, Steve (2006): References on Isla San Benedicto Archived 2008-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. Version of 2006-SEP-11. Retrieved 2007-NOV-13.
- ^ Global Volcanism Program (2007): Bárcena. Version of 2007-AUG-05. Retrieved 2007-NOV-13.
- ^ Szabo, J. K.; Khwaja, N.; Garnett, S. T.; Butchart, S. H. (2012). "Global Patterns and Drivers of Avian Extinctions at the Species and Subspecies Level". PLOS ONE. 7 (10): e47080. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...747080S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047080. PMC 3466226. PMID 23056586.
External links
[edit]- Biogeography of the Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico
- The changing status of marine birds breeding at San Benedicto Island, Mexico.
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