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Samuel García (politician)

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is García and the second or maternal family name is Sepúlveda.

Samuel García Sepúlveda
Samuel García in 2022
Governor of Nuevo León
Incumbent
Assumed office
4 December 2023 [Note 1]
Preceded byLuis Enrique Orozco [es] (interim)
In office
4 October 2021 – 1 December 2023
Preceded byJaime Rodríguez Calderón
Succeeded byLuis Enrique Orozco [es] (interim)[1]
Senator of the Republic
from Nuevo León
First formula
In office
1 September 2018 – 18 November 2020
Preceded byMarcela Guerra Castillo
Succeeded byLuis David Ortiz Salinas [es]
Member of the Congress of Nuevo León
Proportional representation
In office
1 September 2015 – 31 August 2018
Personal details
Born
Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda

(1987-12-28) 28 December 1987 (age 36)
Monterrey, Nuevo León
Political partyCitizens' Movement (2015–present)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 2020)​
Children1
EducationMonterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (LLB, LLM, PhD)
Autonomous University of Nuevo León (SJD)
ITAC University (SJD)
OccupationPolitician
Signature

Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda (born 28 December 1987) is a Mexican lawyer and politician serving as the Governor of Nuevo León. A member of the Citizens' Movement party, he served as a local deputy in the Congress of Nuevo León from 2015 to 2018 and represented Nuevo León in the Senate from 2018 to 2020.[2][3][4]

Born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, García has an extensive academic background, holding three doctoral degrees: one in public policy and public administration from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), in tax law from ITAC University, and in constitutional law and governance from the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). He has authored three books and taught tax law at UANL.

García was elected governor of Nuevo León in 2021, defeating the Institutional Revolutionary Party nominee, Adrián de la Garza, by 10.21%. As governor, he has focused on boosting foreign investment through nearshoring and expanding the state's infrastructure, particularly the Metrorrey network and highways. His tenure also saw him manage the Nuevo León water crisis.

In 2023, García secured the Citizens' Movement presidential nomination for the 2024 election, but withdrew amidst a political crisis over the appointment of an interim governor in Nuevo León.

Early years and education

[edit]

García was born on 28 December 1987 in Monterrey, Nuevo León to Samuel Orlando García Mascorro and Bertha Silvia Sepúlveda Andrade. His father was from Guardados de Abajo, Tamaulipas, who moved to Nuevo León to study law at the age of 14, eventually becoming a lawyer and prosecutor.[5]

García is the eldest of three siblings: Silvia Catalina, Cecilia, and Roberto.[6] He has an older half-brother, Samuel Orlando García Villarreal. He is related to Gilberto García Mena, a former high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel known as "El June," who is his father's cousin.[7]

García hosted a children's newscast on Canal 28 Nuevo León, a state-owned TV channel, where he conducted interviews and would conclude the program with readings on religious topics, taken from his mother's books.[5]

Education

[edit]

García completed his secondary education at Colegio San Patricio Monterrey from 1999 to 2002 and continued at Prepa Tec from 2002 to 2005. Following this, he enrolled at ITESM, obtaining a B.A. in law and finance in 2010, followed by a master's degree in public law in 2012. As a high school and undergraduate student at ITESM, he frequently participated as a speaker.

García obtained his first Ph.D. in public policy and public administration from ITESM in 2014.[8] His dissertation, Fiscal Federalism in Mexico, received an honorable mention and was published as a book in 2016. Subsequently, he earned a second Ph.D. in tax law from ITAC University in 2019. In 2022, he achieved his third Ph.D. in constitutional law and governance from UANL.[9] His dissertation, titled Local Constitutions in Mexico and the Realization of Federative Entities' Autonomy: A Special Focus on the Nuevo León Case,[10] delves into how federalism in Mexico has been eroding due to the centralized system of national politics.[11]

Early political career

[edit]

In 2014, García joined Rescatemos Nuevo León (lit. 'Let's Rescue Nuevo Léon'),[12] an organization which allowed him to run for a local congressional seat through proportional representation.

Local deputy

[edit]

Despite his loss to Marcelo Martínez Villarreal in the race for the 18th district seat during the 2015 Nuevo León state election, García successfully secured a congressional seat through proportional representation.

While he was a state deputy, he was named the parliamentary coordinator of Citizens' Movement in the Congress of Nuevo León. As part of his campaign, García pledged to donate his salary, a promise he fulfilled by donating to Un solo San Pedro (lit. 'One and only one San Pedro').[13]

In 2017, he assumed provisional leadership of the Citizens' Movement party in the state of Nuevo León, succeeding Pilar Lozano Mac Donald [es]. He held this position until 2 August 2019, when Agustín Basave Alanís was elected as the state's party leader.[14]

Senate of the Republic (2018–2020)

[edit]
Senate portrait, 2019

Election

[edit]

In the 2018 Mexican general election, Samuel García and Indira Kempis Martínez were nominated by Citizens' Movement to represent Nuevo León in the Senate, with García occupying the first place on the party's two-name formula.[15] They were successfully elected, obtaining 24.21% of the vote, beating the National Action Party's candidates, Víctor Oswaldo Fuentes Solís and Alejandra Maria Sada Alanis, by only 15,131 votes.[16]

Tenure

[edit]

At the age of 30, García became one of the youngest senators of the LXIV legislature, only being surpassed by Raúl Bolaños Cacho Cué of the Green Ecologist Party of Mexico (PVEM) at 30 years old, and by Citlalli Hernández and Claudia Balderas Espinoza of MORENA, who were 28 and 26 years old respectively.

In October 2018, he travelled to The Hague as part of the Mexican Senate's appeal against the former governor of Veracruz, Javier Duarte de Ochoa, on charges of crimes against humanity before the International Criminal Court. The Mexican Senate accused Duarte of orchestrating the distribution of 70,000 counterfeit HIV tests and fraudulent treatments to children with cancer during his administration.[17]

Samuel García addressing the Senate of the Republic.

In October 2019, he filed a report with the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office of the Attorney General's Office (FGR) against the then governor of Nuevo León, Jaime Rodríguez Calderón, alleging crimes such as money laundering and misappropriation of resources. He asserted that he possessed substantial evidence, referencing four judgments from the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF) that purportedly implicated Jaime Rodríguez Calderón in these illicit activities.[18]

According to García, he was the second most productive senator, having introduced 370 bills and points of agreement, in addition to making 119 speeches in the chamber.[19]

On 17 November 2020, he sought temporary leave from his senatorial seat to pursue the governorship of Nuevo León in the 2021 gubernatorial elections. During his absence, Luis David Ortiz Salinas [es] assumed his role.[20]

Commission assignments

[edit]

For the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress:

  • Federalism and Municipal Development Commission (chairman)
  • North American Foreign Affairs Commission (secretary)
  • Commission for Monitoring the Implementation of T-MEC
  • Commission of Legislative Studies
  • Commission of Finance and Public Credit
  • Jurisdictional Commission
  • Justice Commission
  • Commission for Youth and Sports
  • Constitutional Points Commission

2021 gubernatorial campaign

[edit]

Nomination

[edit]

On 15 November 2020, Citizens' Movement announced that García and local deputy Luis Donaldo Colosio Riojas were seeking the party's gubernatorial nomination.[21] On 25 January 2021, Colosio dropped out and declared his candidacy for the municipal president of Monterrey, leaving García as the only gubernatorial precandidate.[22] On 18 February 2021, García's candidacy became officially registered with the State Electoral Commission (CEE).[23]

Gubernatorial election

[edit]
Election results by electoral district

On 5 March 2021, García kicked off his campaign at a conference where he unveiled proposals for a new tax agreement, a new vaccination plan funded with private investment, a new public transport system, a new infrastructure program, an intensified fight against corruption, and a new regional airport hub. He positioned himself as an incorruptible politician, emphasizing his lack of ties to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and having donated his salary for six years. His campaign motto was Arrancar la vieja política de Nuevo León (lit. 'Tear off the old politics of Nuevo León').[24]

García frequently attacked Adrián de la Garza (PRI) and Clara Luz Flores [es] (MORENA), claiming that both candidates embodied "the old politics of the PRI".[24] He used the video of Clara Luz Flores with NXIVM's Keith Raniere to further his point, questioning, "between Clara Luz and Adrián de la Garza, who of the two has the most criminal, evil, and perverse godfather? Which of the two has done and will do more damage to Nuevo León?".[25]

2021 campaign logo

During his campaign, García faced criticism from his past comments which were perceived as "out of touch" with voters. These included him describing his childhood as challenging because his father forced him to play golf and by claiming people could live on a "small salary of $50,000 pesos", despite most Mexicans earning significantly less than $7,500 pesos per month.[26][27][28]

García's campaign gained momentum through his wife's social media presence. Mariana Rodríguez Cantú, a well-known influencer with a following of over 1.7 million followers on Instagram, inadvertently viralized the campaign in a video where she showcased her orange sneakers and described them as, "Fosfo, fosfo", which was subsequently adopted as a slogan by García's campaign and the Citizens' Movement party.[29][30]

On 6 June 2021, García was elected to a six-year term as the Governor of Nuevo León with 36.71% of the vote, defeating six other candidates. He became the first Citizens' Movement candidate to be elected governor in Nuevo León.[31]

Governor of Nuevo León (2021-present)

[edit]

García was sworn in as the governor of Nuevo León on October 4, 2021.

Economy

[edit]
García speaking at the inauguration of Bosch's first appliance manufacturing plant in Mexico on 31 July 2024.

Taking advantage of industrial firms seeking to move their supply chains from China to Mexico, García has spearheaded the nearshoring trend, with the governor frequently traveling abroad to negotiate with business leaders.[32] Notable investors in the state include Bosch, Lego, Siemens, LGMG, and John Deere.[33][34] Tesla also agreed to build a gigafactory in the state by 2026 following negotiations between García and CEO Elon Musk.[35][36]

The state broke foreign direct investment records in both 2022 and 2023, reaching $4.5 billion in 2023 alone.[37]

Environment

[edit]

García attended COP26, where he announced that he would introduce environmental taxes to create a green fund for reforestation.[38][39] García included four types of environmental taxes in the 2022 budget: on contamination from stone material extraction, and on pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, water, and soil.[40]

In March 2023, García's administration launched the "Bosques Ciudadanos" initiative, which aimed to plant one million trees by the end of his tenure.[41] By September 2024, about 512,000 trees had been planted, with about 70,000 of them planted in urban areas.[42]

Between 2023 and 2024, due to deteriorating air quality, the state activated an environmental alert a total of eleven times.[43]

García faced criticism for the deforestation of parts of the Santa Catarina River [es], which he defended as a preventive measure against potential hurricane-induced flooding;[44][45] the project was halted due to opposition.[46] Additionally, the use of the funds collected from the state's environmental taxes has been criticized by environmentalists, who demanded more transparency after the state's Secretary of Environment revealed that some funds had been allocated to address water issues.[47]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Metrorrey

[edit]
García unveiling the monorail train model for Lines 4 and 6 in February 2024.

García unveiled an expansion of the Metrorrey network –Lines 4, 5, and 6– each designed as a monorail system on an elevated viaduct.[48] Amidst pushback from many in south Monterrey, who preferred an underground system,[49] Line 5 was changed to an Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit system, which would operate at ground level with some elevated sections.[50][51] In early 2023, construction for Lines 4 and 6 were started.[52][53]

García's administration also invested in the system's older lines: the elevated portions of Line 2 underwent reconstruction due to design flaws in the construction of the capitals and beams,[54][55] the Talleres metro station was announced to be extended and renovated to increase capacity and to accommodate longer trains,[56] and twenty-two new rail cars for Line 1 were ordered to replace the oldest vehicles.[57]

Roads and highways

[edit]

García proposed his Master Road Plan, which aimed to enhance state connectivity and facilitate direct access to the Laredo–Colombia Solidarity International Bridge.[58] Key projects included the phased reconstruction of Uno Norte highway,[59] the completion of the Gloria-Columbia highway,[60] and a 45-kilometer extension of the Periférico highway.[61]

In 2024, the Interserrana Highway, a part of Garcia's Master Road Plan designed to link Mexican Federal Highways 85 and 57, was presented to President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum, who agreed to elevate the project to the federal level.[62]

Water

[edit]

García continued the construction of Liberty dam started by his predecessor in early 2020, which was 25% complete by García's inauguration in October 2021.[63][64][65] In July 2023, García closed the dam's gates,[63] and by April 2024, began extracting water for use in the Monterrey metropolitan area.[66]

In 2023, García proposed the El Cuchillo II aqueduct, funded publicly and privately at MXN $12.24 billion, in order to transport more water from the El Cuchillo reservoir to the Monterrey metropolitan area. In late 2023, García and Andrés Manuel López Obrador inaugurated the aqueduct in two phases, with a capacity to transport up to 5,000 liters per second.[67][68][69]

Social issues

[edit]

In June 2023, García published a bill that codified same-sex marriage, making Nuevo León the final state in Mexico to legalize it.[70]

While drafting the new state constitution, García recommended that state deputies include a provision recognizing life from conception.[71] However, this suggestion was ultimately not incorporated into the final version of the constitution.

U.S. Border

[edit]
García and Texas Governor Greg Abbott signing border agreement on 13 April 2022.

In early April 2022, Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced heightened inspections of commercial trucks entering from Mexico,[72] causing significant traffic delays at the border. García met with Abbott and signed an agreement, committing to increasing security and establishing checkpoints on the Nuevo León side,[73] which halted inspections at the Laredo–Colombia Solidarity International Bridge.[74]

In September 2023, with guidance from U.S. Customs and Border Protection, García inaugurated a new checkpoint at the border, fulfilling his commitments from the agreement with Abbott.[75] Recognizing the increased demand due to nearshoring, García initiated plans to expand the Laredo–Colombia Solidarity International Bridge by adding more lanes to accommodate the growing number of trucks.[76]

Crisis management

[edit]

Nuevo León water crisis

[edit]

In March 2022, in response to the low water levels in Nuevo León's three main reservoirs, García's administration implemented the Agua para todos (lit. 'Water for everyone') water rationing program, which divided the Monterrey metropolitan area into seven zones, each with distinct water supply schedules.[77] However, protests and blockades erupted in various parts of the metropolitan area, as demonstrators claimed that there was an unequal distribution of water, with some areas experiencing water shortages lasting several weeks.[78]

García started cloud seeding with silver iodide in order to increase the chances of rainfall over the state's main reservoirs.[79][80] Between June 2022 and December 2023, 161 flights were conducted at a cost of MXN $135 million. Some commentators labeled the effort ineffective and a waste of taxpayer money, pointing out that on some days, there was little to no rainfall after the cloud seeding.[81][82]

García often expressed dissatisfaction with social media criticism regarding the alleged mismanagement of water distribution, dismissing the situation and emphasizing that water supply issues were beyond the scope of his gubernatorial responsibilities.[83]

Tropical Storm Alberto

[edit]

On 17 June 2024, García warned residents of an approaching tropical cyclone, urging caution for those near rivers and reservoirs and noting potential dam floodgate openings.[84] He canceled classes from June 19 to 21 and moved the school year's end date up to 28 June.[85] During the storm, García urged residents to stay home and issued an executive order on the night of 19 June suspending public transport and movement until the next day.[86]

On 25 June, García declared a state of emergency for Nuevo León to secure federal reconstruction funds, estimating the damages at around MXN $1.5 billion, primarily in Santiago and Cadereyta Jiménez.[87] On 27 June, he met with President López Obrador and Rogelio Ramírez de la O to request the reconstruction funds.[88] Portions of Morones Prieto and Constitución, two avenues parallel to the Santa Catarina River [es], were closed due to erosion damage and were scheduled to reopen by the start of the next school year.[89]

Tensions with the Congress of Nuevo León

[edit]

During his tenure as governor, García frequently clashed with the Congress of Nuevo León, which was controlled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the National Action Party (PAN), causing tensions between the state government and legislature.

Appointment of attorney general

[edit]

On 5 October 2022, State Attorney General Gustavo Adolfo Guerrero resigned,[90] triggering the process to appoint his successor. The state congress proposed a list of four finalists, including former Monterrey mayor and gubernatorial candidate Adrián de la Garza. García disagreed with all the proposed candidates and vetoed de la Garza,[91] later appealing the list to the Supreme Court, citing irregularities in the selection process. This appeal effectively stalled the appointment process.[92]

After more than a year without an attorney general, on 14 February 2024, the Supreme Court invalidated the list of finalists and ordered a new selection process. The Court ruled that the state congress had unconstitutionally removed the requirement for criminal background checks, mandating their inclusion in the new process.[93] However, during the selection process, the executive branch withheld the necessary background checks for certain candidates.[94] Once the congress sent the list of four finalists to García, he vetoed all four of them; the congress ignored the veto, as the constitution permits the rejection of only one candidate.[95]

On 26 August 2024, Pedro Arce, who had been serving as acting attorney general, was selected as the attorney general by the congress.[96] This decision was appealed by García and quickly overturned by the Supreme Court, which ruled that Arce had not met the criminal background check requirement.[97] The Court invalidated most of the finalist list, leaving eleven remaining candidates.[98] Some commentators noted that the remaining candidates were reportedly favorable to García.[99]

Budget

[edit]

García withheld the 2023 budget, accusing the opposition of planning to divert funds to certain municipalities.[100] He similarly withheld the 2024 budget.

Due to the lack of a budget, many state projects were either slowed down or halted, including the renovation of Fundidora Park, the expansion of several Metrorrey stations, and the construction of highways and hospitals.[101] Additionally, many municipal projects faced delays or were stopped due to a lack of funding.[102]

Efforts to impeach

[edit]

Due to the withholding of the budget and the failure to publish several decrees passed by the legislature, on 31 January 2023, the state congress initiated impeachment proceedings against García, with the governor ordered to testify on 10 February.[103]

García was able to delay the impeachment process by leveraging rulings from the judicial branch. He temporarily blocked the proceedings on 11 February 2023 by obtaining a constitutional relief injunction (amparo).[104] On 21 May 2024, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the impeachment process could resume but clarified that García could not be removed from office while the trial was ongoing.[105] The congress called on García to appear for testimony on 27 June; however, García stated that he would not attend.[106] Hours before he was scheduled to testify, the Supreme Court paused the proceedings once again.[107]

2023 Nuevo León political crisis

[edit]

In October 2023, García requested a six-month leave, effective 2 December, to run in the 2024 presidential election, proposing Javier Navarro Velasco [es] as his replacement. While the Congress of Nuevo León approved his leave, they appointed Arturo Salinas Garza, the President of the Superior Court of Justice of Nuevo León, as interim governor,[108] leading to a dispute. García contended the appointment was "illegal" and insisted that Navarro was meant to be the interim governor.[109]

On 13 November, Supreme Court Justice Javier Laynez Potisek annulled the appointment of Arturo Salinas Garza, citing a violation of the separation of powers since Salinas belonged to the judicial branch. The state congress was directed to designate a new interim governor.[110] On 29 November, the state congress convened to appoint Luis Enrique Orozco [es], the Deputy Attorney General, as interim governor. While the vote was underway, a group of citizens supporting García stormed the legislature, setting off a smoke bomb in the chamber.[111] With the support of 25 out of the 42 state deputies, Orozco was named interim governor from 2 December 2023 to 2 June 2024.[112] On 1 December, the Supreme Court validated Orozco's appointment.[113]

On 2 December, the day García's leave took effect, Orozco officially assumed the interim governorship.[114] Shortly thereafter, García declared his withdrawal from the presidential election,[115] contending that he retained the governorship as he did not use his leave. The state congress asserted that the leave was valid, and a vote was required to revoke it. Both García and Orozco claimed the governorship, leading to a constitutional crisis pending resolution through a legislative session or a Supreme Court ruling.[116] However, on 4 December, Orozco resigned, and the state congress confirmed García's reinstatement.[117]

Political positions

[edit]

García claims that Mexico's federal funding favors southern states despite northern states, like Nuevo León, contributing more to the treasury, controversially stating that "in Mexico, in the north, we work, in the center, they administer, and in the south, they rest". According to García, Mexico allocates money based on population, deprivation, and poverty, whereas in the rest of the world, it is typically done based on efficiency, GDP, productivity, and foreign trade.[118]

García has expressed that he is not opposed to the legalization of marijuana, and has also expressed support for same-sex marriage, stating that "legal precedent recognizes and affirms their right."[119]

García has expressed his opposition to abortion, breaking with his party's stance. He explained that as a senator, he had to abstain from voting on matters related to the issue, acknowledging the Supreme Court's ruling but disagreeing with it personally. After the Court effectively legalized abortion in 2021, he reaffirmed his belief that life begins at conception.[120][71]

He has criticized the political right, saying: "I believe that the political right or center-right seeks to achieve merit but at the expense of the most disadvantaged."[119]

Controversies

[edit]

Doctoral Degree at ITAC University

[edit]

In June 2020, he was accused of falsifying the documentation accrediting the Doctorate in Tax Law he obtained at ITAC University, a private educational center in the city of Monterrey.[121][122] Samuel García had shared photographs of his postgraduate degree and a certificate of honorable mention on the social network Instagram, but several users later pointed out the inconsistency of the ITAC University rector's signatures on both documents and the similarity of one of these with the signature of the vice-rector of the same institution.[122] In his defense, Samuel García published a video in which he argued that the discrepancy was presented by an unofficial document, that he had completed his doctorate in due time and form, and that the person who had signed this document was, in fact, the vice-rector, since the rector was on sick leave.[122] Subsequently, local media Info7 reported that ITAC University had ceased to function and that its facilities were abandoned.[123][124][125]

Male chauvinism

[edit]

On August 9, 2020, Samuel García, during an Instagram Live told his wife Mariana Rodríguez: "Turn up the camera, you're showing too much leg. I married you for me, not for you to go around showing".[126][127] Many women in protest uploaded photos showing their legs on Twitter using the hashtag #YoEnseñoLoQueQuiera.[128][129][130] García later apologized and affirmed that it was only a macho joke.[131]

Personal life

[edit]

Samuel García started dating social media influencer Mariana Rodríguez Cantú in 2015, and were married on 27 March 2020 in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Monterrey.[132] In May 2020, the couple announced that Rodríguez had experienced a miscarriage.[133] They have one daughter, Mariel, born on 10 March 2023.

Electoral history

[edit]
2021 Nuevo León gubernatorial election
CandidatePartyVotes%
Samuel García SepúlvedaCitizens' Movement786,80837.35
Adrián de la GarzaTodos por México (PRI–PRD)598,05228.39
Fernando LarrazábalNational Action Party392,90118.65
Clara Luz FloresJuntos haremos historia por Nuevo León (MORENA–PT–PVEM–PNA)300,58814.27
Emilio Jacques RiveraForce for Mexico13,8630.66
Carolina Garza GuerraSolidarity Encounter Party7,0420.33
Daney Siller TristánProgressive Social Networks6,6290.31
Write-ins7020.03
Total2,106,585100.00
Valid votes2,106,58598.30
Invalid/blank votes36,4201.70
Total votes2,143,005100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,143,005100.00
Source: [1]

Publications

[edit]
  • — (2016). Federalismo fiscal en México: políticas para mejorar las finanzas públicas (Fiscal federalism in Mexico: policies to improve public finance). Editorial Porrúa.
  • — (2018). La gran reforma hacendaría de los mexicanos (The great tax reform of the Mexicans). Procesos Editoriales Don José.
  • — (2020). Nuevo León Frente a la pandemia (Nuevo León faced with the Pandemic).[134]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The governorship was disputed by García and Orozco from 2 December 2023 to 4 December 2023. García was officially reinstated by the Nuevo León State Congress on 4 December 2023.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Revés de la SCJN a Samuel García: Confirma a Luis Enrique Orozco como gobernador interino".
  2. ^ "Samuel García" (PDF) (in Spanish). University of Monterrey. May 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda" (in Spanish). Government of Nuevo León. 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  4. ^ Cubero, César (29 September 2021). "¿Quién es Samuel García, gobernador electo de Nuevo León?". Milenio (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Samuel García, una carrera política llena de reflectores". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  6. ^ Jiménez, Por César (23 October 2023). "Quiénes son los hermanos de Samuel García y a qué se dedican". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  7. ^ "Sobrino de narco aspira a ser senador por Nuevo León". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  8. ^ ITESM, Campus Monterrey (August 20, 2009). "Panorama-No. 1609, Año XLII". Panorama. pp. 16–17. Retrieved May 08, 2023.
  9. ^ "Samuel Alejandro Garcia Sepulveda | Transparencia". transparencia.movimientociudadano.mx (in Spanish). 5 June 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  10. ^ García Sepúlveda, Samuel Alejandro (13 January 2022). Las constituciones locales en México y la concreción real de la autonomía de las entidades federativas. Especial referencia al caso Nuevo León (phd thesis) (in Spanish). Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.
  11. ^ Ortega, Carlos (10 April 2023). "¿De qué habló Samuel García en su tesis para obtener su tercer doctorado?". Telediario. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  12. ^ García, Syndy (31 October 2014). "Ningún aumento se justifica: Rescatemos Nuevo León" [No increase is justified: Let's rescue Nuevo León]. Grupo Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  13. ^ Reina, Elena (10 February 2016). "El diputado mexicano que quiere trabajar gratis". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  14. ^ "Asume Agustín Basave dirigencia de MC Nuevo León" [Agustín Basave takes over leadership of MC Nuevo León]. Revista Sentidos con Valores (in Spanish). 9 August 2019. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  15. ^ Digital, Milenio. "Samuel García quiere ser senador por NL con MC". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Obtiene Samuel la constancia de mayoría al Senado". Milenio. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  17. ^ Yañez, Brenda (17 October 2018). "Samuel García lleva a La Haya la petición de investigar a Javier Duarte". ADNPolítico (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  18. ^ García, Aracely Garza (23 October 2019). "Samuel García denuncia ante FGR a 'El Bronco'; 'está arrinconado', dice". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  19. ^ "Senador Samuel García pide licencia; buscará gubernatura de Nuevo León". El Financiero (in Spanish). 17 November 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Samuel García pide licencia al Senado para competir por la candidatura al gobierno de NL". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  21. ^ Política, Expansión; Torres, Mauricio (15 November 2020). "Samuel García y Luis Donaldo Colosio competirán por la candidatura de MC en NL". ADNPolítico (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  22. ^ "Luis Donaldo Colosio Riojas confirma que será candidato de MC por la alcaldía de Monterrey". Latin US (in Mexican Spanish). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Samuel García se registra como candidato a la gubernatura de NL". Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish). 18 February 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2023. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
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  28. ^ "Los verdaderos "suelditos": más de la mitad de los mexicanos gana menos de 7.500 pesos al mes". Verne (in Mexican Spanish). 16 December 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
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  30. ^ "In Mexico, influencer helps win husband state governorship". AP News. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
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  35. ^ Beth Solomon, Daina; Graham, Dave (24 October 2022). "Tesla's Musk eyes potential investment in Mexican border state -sources".
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  38. ^ "Desde la COP26 Samuel García anuncia "impuesto verde" para empresas de NL (Video)". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2024.
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  42. ^ "Avanza Proyecto Bosques Ciudadanos en NL". Imagen Radio 90.5 (in Mexican Spanish). 27 September 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
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  51. ^ "Develan vehículos DRT para Línea 5 del Metro; la Electromovilidad avanza en NL". Reportacero - Economía, Política, Minería, Acero y Construcción (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
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  54. ^ "Línea 2 de Metrorrey será reconstruida: Samuel García". ABC Noticias (in Spanish). 4 January 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  55. ^ "Reabren Línea 2 del Metro hasta Estación Sendero". MVS Noticias (in Spanish). 11 November 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  56. ^ "Metrorrey anuncia ampliación de Estación Talleres". MVS Noticias (in Spanish). 29 February 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
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  58. ^ "Presenta NL plan carretero y modernización de Puerto Colombia ante Comité de Comercio Transfronterizo de Texas | Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León". www.nl.gob.mx. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
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  60. ^ "Samuel García inaugura la Carretera Gloria-Colombia con una inversión de 1,110 mdp". Radio Fórmula (in Spanish). 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  61. ^ "Inauguran este domingo última etapa del Periférico". El Porvenir (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 December 2023.
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  66. ^ ElHorizonte (27 April 2024). "Activan sistema de bombeo en la presa Libertad". EL HORIZONTE (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  67. ^ "Llega el agua a NL con la presa Cuchillo II". La Razón (in Spanish). 23 September 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  68. ^ "Volverá a inaugurar AMLO El Cuchillo II". El Porvenir (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  69. ^ "Inauguran por completo acueducto el 'Cuchillo II' en Nuevo León". Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish). 16 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  70. ^ "Matrimonio gay: Congreso de Nuevo León aprueba el matrimonio igualitario; ya es legal en todo el país". El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in Mexican Spanish). 14 June 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  71. ^ a b Noticias, Nadia Venegas | ABC (17 August 2022). "¿Quiere un retroceso? Samuel García pide proteger la vida desde la concepción". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  72. ^ Ashley (7 April 2022). "Texas Governor orders 'enhanced' commercial vehicle inspections at border, admits traffic will 'dramatically slow'". CDLLife. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  73. ^ "Nuevo León y Texas firman acuerdo de seguridad fronteriza". T21 (in Spanish). 13 April 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  74. ^ Ferman, Uriel J. García and Mitchell (13 April 2022). "Gov. Greg Abbott eases state inspections at one commercial bridge, as trade remains snarled across the border". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  75. ^ MexicoIndustry. "Inauguran el Check Point de Puerto Colombia – Laredo en Nuevo León". MexicoIndustry (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  76. ^ "Samuel García pedirá permiso presidencial de EU para ampliar Puente Colombia este año". MVS Noticias (in Spanish). 24 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  77. ^ Morales, Eduardo (18 March 2022). "Cortes agua en Nuevo León 2022: Cuándo inicia y sectores afectados". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 5 December 2023.
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  79. ^ Maldonado, Orlando (20 May 2022). "Samuel García revela que adquirió avión para bombardear nubes". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 5 December 2023.
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  81. ^ "Gastaron millones para 'bombardear' nubes y hacer llover en Nuevo León; no funcionó | Periódico Zócalo | Noticias de Saltillo, Torreón, Piedras Negras, Monclova, Acuña". Periódico Zócalo | Noticias de Saltillo, Torreón, Piedras Negras, Monclova, Acuña (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  82. ^ "Gastaron millones para 'bombardear' nubes y hacer llover en Nuevo León: no funcionó". Dallas News (in Spanish). 13 June 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  83. ^ ""A mí ni me vean, yo solo soy el gobernador"". La Verdad del Sureste (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  84. ^ "Gobierno de Nuevo León lanza alerta máxima por ciclón Alberto". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  85. ^ Campuzano, Jimena (18 June 2024). "Por ciclón tropical, Nuevo León adelanta cierre de ciclo escolar 2023-2024". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  86. ^ "A través de acuerdo en el Periódico Oficial, Nuevo León suspende labores y transporte por ciclón 'Alberto'". vanguardia.com.mx (in Mexican Spanish). 19 June 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  87. ^ Jornada, La; corresponsal, Raúl Robledo (25 June 2024). "Costará mil 500 mdp reparar daños por Alberto, asegura Samuel García". La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  88. ^ LPO (Monterrey). "Samuel se reúne con AMLO y solicita más de 4,800 MDP por daños tras tormenta". www.lapoliticaonline.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  89. ^ "Presentan avances en 12 obras de rehabilitación en par vial Constitución-Morones Prieto | Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León". www.nl.gob.mx. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  90. ^ Reina, Elena (5 October 2022). "La inevitable caída del fiscal de Nuevo León tras meses de silencio por el 'caso Debanhi'". El País México (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  91. ^ "Samuel García veta a Adrián de la Garza para que no sea fiscal de NL; "No hacerlo sería una irresponsabilidad de mi parte"". Aristegui Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  92. ^ "Samuel García lleva a la Suprema Corte pugna con el Congreso de NL por el nombramiento del fiscal". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  93. ^ LPO (Monterrey). "La Corte tumba el proceso para la selección del Fiscal de NL y pide reponer terna". www.lapoliticaonline.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  94. ^ Maldonado, Orlando (6 August 2024). "Estado afirma que diputados quieren "empantanar" elección de fiscal en Nuevo León". Telediario. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  95. ^ "Samuel García veta a los cuatro aspirantes al cargo de Fiscal General de Justicia". MVS Noticias (in Spanish). 18 August 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  96. ^ Jornada, La; corresponsal, Raúl Robledo (26 August 2024). "Nombran a Pedro Arce Jardón como Fiscal General de Justicia de Nuevo León". La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  97. ^ Vargas, Por Octavio (29 August 2024). "Dan la razón a Samuel García; SCJN anula nombramiento Pedro Arce como fiscal de Nuevo León". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  98. ^ Aréchiga, Jorge Eduardo Villagómez (28 August 2024). "Anula SCJN designación de Pedro Arce como fiscal de Nuevo León". Reporte Indigo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  99. ^ Aréchiga, Jorge Eduardo Villagómez (29 August 2024). "Irán por Fiscalía de NL 'aliados' de Samuel García". Reporte Indigo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  100. ^ Arista, Lidia (2 February 2023). "Crisis en NL: los conflictos entre Samuel García y el Congreso". ADNPolítico (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  101. ^ GR, LUCES DEL SIGLO (25 July 2024). "Aplican freno a obras por falta de recursos". Luces del Siglo (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  102. ^ Padilla, Jesús (16 April 2024). "Poderes Legislativo y Judicial en NL paralizarán servicio por retención de recursos de Samuel García". Reporte Indigo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  103. ^ Noticias, Jesús Vargas / ABC (31 January 2023). "Diputados de Nuevo León aprueban juicio político contra Samuel García". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  104. ^ "'Salvavidas' para Samuel García: obtiene amparo contra juicio político en Nuevo León". El Financiero (in Spanish). 11 February 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  105. ^ "SCJN frena destitución de Samuel García; juicio político en su contra continuará". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  106. ^ ""Les aviso desde ahorita que no voy a ir", responde Samuel García al Congreso de NL tras ser citado a comparecer mañana por el juicio político en su contra". LatinUS (in Spanish). 26 June 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  107. ^ "Samuel García libra juicio político en su contra tras dictamen de la Suprema Corte". infobae (in European Spanish). 27 June 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  108. ^ Digital, Milenio (25 October 2023). "Designan a Arturo Salinas como gobernador interino de Nuevo León". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  109. ^ "Samuel García acusa de ilegal la designación de José Arturo Salinas". El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in Mexican Spanish). 25 October 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  110. ^ "Nuevo León sigue sin gobernador interino; frenan nombramientos de Salinas y Navarro". El Financiero (in Spanish). 14 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  111. ^ "Protesters shove their way into congress of Mexican border state of Nuevo Leon, toss smoke bomb". AP News. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  112. ^ "Designación de Luis Enrique Orozco Suárez como gobernador interino en Nuevo León". Noticias de México | EL IMPARCIAL (in European Spanish). 29 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  113. ^ "Suprema Corte respalda a gobernador interino de Nuevo León: 'Congreso designó a Luis Enrique Orozco'". El Financiero (in Spanish). 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  114. ^ "Samuel García reasume la gubernatura y abandona la carrera presidencial". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  115. ^ "Oficializa Samuel García que se baja de campaña presidencial". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  116. ^ Redacción (2 December 2023). "Nuevo León: despierta con dos gobernadores, hay incertidumbre política". La Jornada Estado de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  117. ^ "Luis Enrique Orozco renuncia como gobernador interino de Nuevo León; Samuel García regresa al cargo". El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in Mexican Spanish). 12 April 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  118. ^ ""El norte trabaja, el centro administra y el sur descansa", reviven dichos de Samuel García". Reporte Indigo (in Mexican Spanish). 13 January 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2023. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  119. ^ a b "Tragaluz. Entrevista con Samuel García, Senador por Nuevo León". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  120. ^ "Patricia Mercado delató contradicción de Samuel García sobre postura ante el aborto". infobae (in European Spanish). 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  121. ^ "Sospechan que Samuel García falsificó título de Doctor". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  122. ^ a b c "Samuel García envuelto en otra polémica: lo acusan de haber falsificado su título de posgrado". infobae (in European Spanish). 18 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  123. ^ Info7. "Desaparece universidad donde Samuel García estudió doctorado; dueño del edificio dice era patito". info7 (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  124. ^ "Desaparece escuela en la que Samuel García hizo su doctorado". Publimetro México (in Spanish). 19 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  125. ^ "Desaparece escuela en la que Samuel García completó dos doctorados". Noticias de México | EL IMPARCIAL (in European Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  126. ^ ""Me casé contigo para mí": el indignante momento en que Samuel García reprende a su esposa Mariana Rodríguez por "enseñar mucha pierna"". infobae (in European Spanish). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  127. ^ "Samuel García, el machista senador mexicano que regaña a su esposa por "enseñar mucha pierna"". Yahoo News (in Spanish). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  128. ^ "Mujeres enseñan pierna y vuelven tendencia el #YoEnseñoLoQueQuiera contra Samuel García". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  129. ^ ""Me casé contigo pa' mí", le dice senador Samuel García a su esposa; #YoEnseñoLoQueQuiera le responden en redes". Aristegui Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  130. ^ Bacquerie, Janine (10 August 2020). "#YoEnseñoLoQueQuiera: El HT contra el machismo de Samuel García". Animal MX (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  131. ^ Horas, Redacción 24 (11 August 2020). "Senador Samuel García ofrece disculpa pública por comentarios machistas a su esposa Mariana Rodríguez (+video)". 24 Horas (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  132. ^ "La historia de amor de Samuel García y Mariana Rodríguez: entre escándalos, acusaciones de fraude y críticas despiadadas". infobae (in European Spanish). 3 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  133. ^ "La triste despedida de la influencer Mariana Rodríguez y el senador Samuel García a su bebé". infobae (in European Spanish). 29 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  134. ^ Sepúlveda, Samuel Alejandro. Nuevo León frente a la pandemia (PDF) (in Spanish).
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