Salmonella enterica: Difference between revisions
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'''''Salmonella enterica''''' (formerly '''''Salmonella choleraesuis''''') is a rod shaped, [[flagella]] |
'''''Salmonella enterica''''' (formerly '''''Salmonella choleraesuis''''') is a rod shaped, [[flagella]]Microbiology ''(Barron S ''et al.'', eds.)| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of .1929 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> |
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==Serovars== |
==Serovars== |
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Revision as of 15:19, 29 September 2009
| Salmonella enterica | |
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| S. enterica Typhimurium colonies on a Hektoen enteric agar plate | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Species: | S. enterica
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| Binomial name | |
| Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952)
Le Minor & Popoff 1987 | |
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod shaped, flagellaMicrobiology (Barron S et al., eds.)| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of .1929 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
Serovars
S. enterica has an extraordinarily large number of serovars or strains—up to 2000 have been described.[1]. The biomedically most relevant subspecies is called S. enterica ssp. enterica, whose following Serovars have special clinical significance in human disease:
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi (historically elevated to species status as S. Typhi) is the disease agent in typhoid fever. The genome sequences of Serovar Typhi has been established.[2]
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (also known as S. Typhimurium) can lead to a form of human gastroenteritis sometimes referred to as salmonellosis.
- The genome sequences of serovar Typhimurium LT2[3] have been established. Also an analysis of the proteome of Typhimurium LT2 under differing environmental conditions has been performed [4].
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A has been identified.[5] It is associated with paratyphoid fever. It is sometimes known as Salmonella Paratyphi.
Epidemiology
Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with S. enterica, which often infects cattle and poultry, though also other animals such as domestic cats and hamsters[6] have also been shown to be sources of infection to humans. However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.
Raw chicken and goose eggs can harbor S. enterica, initially in the egg whites, although most eggs are not infected. As the egg ages at room temperature, the yolk membrane begins to break down and S. enterica can spread into the yolk. Refrigeration and freezing do not kill all the bacteria, but substantially slow or halt their growth. Pasteurizing and food irradiation are used to kill Salmonella for commercially-produced foodstuffs containing raw eggs such as ice cream. Foods prepared in the home from raw eggs such as mayonnaise, cakes and cookies can spread salmonella if not properly cooked before consumption. See Egg (food).
Pathogenesis
Secreted proteins are of major importance for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by Salmonella enterica. A remarkable large number of fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins are present in Salmonella and mediate biofilm formation and contact to host cells. Secreted proteins are also involved in host cell invasion and intracellular proliferation, two hallmarks of Salmonella pathogenesis.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Parkhill J; et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18". Nature. 413 (6858): 848–52. doi:10.1038/35101607. PMID doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35101607 10.1038/35101607 11677608 '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000011-QINU`"'[[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35101607 10.1038/35101607]].
{{cite journal}}: Check|pmid=value (help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); External link in|pmid=|pmid=at position 10 (help) - ^ McClelland M; et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2". Nature. 413 (6858): 852–6. doi:10.1038/35101614. PMID doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35101614 10.1038/35101614 11677609 '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000013-QINU`"'[[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35101614 10.1038/35101614]].
{{cite journal}}: Check|pmid=value (help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); External link in|pmid=|pmid=at position 10 (help) - ^ Adkins JN; et al. (2006). "Analysis of the Salmonella typhimurium Proteome through Environmental Response toward Infectious Conditions". Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. 5: 1450–1461. doi:10.1074/mcp.M600139-MCP200. PMID 16684765.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Huang H, Li J, Yang XL; et al. (2009). "Sequence Analysis of the Plasmid pGY1 Harbored in Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A". Biochem. Genet. 47: 191. doi:10.1007/s10528-008-9216-0. PMID 19169860.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Swanson SJ, Snider C, Braden CR; et al. (2007). "Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium associated with pet rodents". New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060465. PMID 17202452.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hensel M (2009). "Secreted Proteins and Virulence in Salmonella enterica". Bacterial Secreted Proteins: Secretory Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-42-4.
External links
- Notes on Salmonella nomenclature
- Salmonella+enterica at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Current research on Salmonella typhimurium at the Norwich Research Park