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STS-4

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STS-4
Columbia begins its final test flight from Launch Complex 39A of KSC
NamesSpace Transportation System-4
Mission typeFlight test
OperatorNASA
COSPAR ID1982-065A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.13300Edit this on Wikidata
Mission duration7 days, 1 hour, 9 minutes, 31 seconds
Distance travelled4,700,000 km (2,900,000 mi)
Orbits completed113
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftSpace Shuttle Columbia
Launch mass109,616 kg (241,662 lb)
Landing mass94,774 kg (208,941 lb)
Payload mass11,109 kg (24,491 lb)
Crew
Crew size2
Members
Start of mission
Launch dateJune 27, 1982, 15:00:00 (June 27, 1982, 15:00:00) UTC (11:00 am EDT)
Launch siteKennedy, LC-39A
ContractorRockwell International
End of mission
Landing dateJuly 4, 1982, 16:09:40 (July 4, 1982, 16:09:40) UTC (9:09:40 am PDT)
Landing siteEdwards, Runway 22
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude295 km (183 mi)
Apogee altitude302 km (188 mi)
Inclination28.50°
Period90.30 minutes

STS-4 mission patch

Hartsfield and Mattingly
← STS-3
STS-5 →

STS-4 was the fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and also the fourth for Space Shuttle Columbia. Crewed by Ken Mattingly and Henry Hartsfield, the mission launched on June 27, 1982,[1] and landed a week later on July 4, 1982.[2] Due to parachute malfunctions, the SRBs were not recovered.

STS-4 was the final test flight for the Space Shuttle; it was thereafter officially declared to be operational. Columbia carried numerous scientific payloads during the mission, as well as military missile detection systems.[3]

Crew

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Position Astronaut
Commander Ken Mattingly
Second spaceflight
Pilot Henry Hartsfield
First spaceflight

STS-4, being the last test flight of the Space Shuttle, was also the last to carry a crew of two astronauts. Commander Ken Mattingly had previously flown as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 16, and was also the original Command Module Pilot for Apollo 13 before being replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert, after being exposed to German measles.[4] Hartsfield was a rookie astronaut who had transferred to NASA in 1969 after the cancellation of the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. He had previously served as a capsule communicator (CAPCOM) on Apollo 16, all three Skylab missions, and STS-1. Both men had graduated from Auburn University, the only time an entire Space Shuttle flight crew were graduates of the same university.

Backup crew

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From STS-4 onwards, NASA halted the appointment and training of complete backup flight crews. Instead, individual flight crew members were assigned backups who could take their place within the prime crew. The decision on whether to appoint a reserve crew member was made on a per-flight basis by flight management teams at Johnson Space Center. Consequently, the last NASA flight to have a full-time backup crew was STS-3.

Support crew

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Crew seat assignments

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Seat[5] Launch Landing
Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
1 Mattingly
2 Hartsfield
3 Unused
4 Unused
5 Unused
6 Unused
7 Unused

Mission summary

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STS-4 launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on June 27, 1982, at 15:00:00 UTC, with Ken Mattingly as commander and Henry Hartsfield as pilot.[1] This mission marked the first time the Space Shuttle launched precisely at its scheduled launch time. It was also the last research and development flight in the program, after which NASA considered the shuttle operational. After this flight, Columbia's ejection seats were deactivated, and shuttle crews did not wear pressure suits again until STS-26 in 1988.

STS-4's cargo consisted of the first Getaway Special (GAS) payloads, including nine scientific experiments provided by students from Utah State University,[6][7] and a classified U.S. Air Force payload.[8] A secret mission control center in Sunnyvale, California participated in monitoring the flight. Mattingly, an active-duty naval officer, later described the classified payload – two sensors for detecting missile launches – as a "rinky-dink collection of minor stuff they wanted to fly". The payload failed to operate.[9] The National Reconnaissance Office intended to fly DAMON, a secret payload intended to replace KH-9 HEXAGON, but it was canceled in December 1980.[10]

In the shuttle's mid-deck, a Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System and the Mono-disperse Latex Reactor flew for the second time. The crew conducted a lightning survey with hand-held cameras, and performed medical experiments on themselves for two student projects. They also operated the Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) with an instrument called the Induced Environment Contamination Monitor mounted on its end, designed to obtain information on gases or particles being released by the orbiter in flight.[3]

Columbia landed on July 4, 1982, at 16:09:31 UTC, on the 15,000 ft (4.6 km) concrete runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, the first orbital Shuttle landing on a concrete runway. This time the lead escorting T-38 "Chase 1" was piloted by Guy Gardner with crewmate Jerry L. Ross. President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan greeted the crew upon arrival. Following the landing, President Reagan gave a speech to the crowd gathered at Edwards, during which he declared the Space Shuttle operational.[2] He was followed by remarks from Mattingly and Hartsfield and a flyover of the new shuttle Challenger atop the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), headed for KSC.

The flight lasted 7 days, 1 hour, 9 minutes, and 31 seconds, and covered a total distance of 4,700,000 km (2,900,000 mi) in 112 complete orbits. The mission achieved all objectives except for the Air Force payload, but the SRBs were lost when their main parachutes failed, causing the empty casings to impact the ocean at high velocity and sink.[1] This and STS-51-L were the only missions where the SRBs were not recovered. Columbia returned to KSC on July 15, 1982.

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  • The Induced Environment Contaminant Monitor (IECM) is grappled by the Canadarm.
    The Induced Environment Contaminant Monitor (IECM) is grappled by the Canadarm.
  • Space Shuttle Columbia lands at Edwards Air Force Base runway 22.
    Space Shuttle Columbia lands at Edwards Air Force Base runway 22.
  • Henry Hartsfield and Ken Mattingly salute the Reagans after landing.
    Henry Hartsfield and Ken Mattingly salute the Reagans after landing.
  • President Reagan and his wife Nancy observe the shuttle's forward tiles and nosecone.
    President Reagan and his wife Nancy observe the shuttle's forward tiles and nosecone.

Mission insignia

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The path of the red, white, and blue streak on the mission patch forms the numeral "4", indicating the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.

Wake-up calls

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NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.[11] Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[11]

Flight Day Song Artist/Composer
Day 2 "Up, Up and Away" The 5th Dimension
Day 3 "Hold That Tiger" Auburn University Band
Day 4 Taped message for Hank Hartsfield on his wedding anniversary
Day 5 "Theme from Chariots of Fire" Vangelis
Day 6 Delta Tau Delta fraternity song (Mattingly), Delta Chi fraternity song (Hartsfield)
Day 7 "This Is My Country" Don Raye

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Shuttle off on military operations". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. June 28, 1982. p. 1.
  2. ^ a b "Shuttle test: 'Outstanding' was the word". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. July 5, 1982. p. 1.
  3. ^ a b "STS-004 Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved July 4, 2013. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ "50 Years Ago: Apollo 13 and German Measles". NASA. April 2, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
  5. ^ "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  6. ^ "Students hope for a space fix-it". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah. June 29, 1982. pp. A1–A2 – via Google News.
  7. ^ "USU team, astronauts, cheer fix-it job". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah. June 30, 1982. p. A1 – via Google News.
  8. ^ Wilford, John Noble (December 18, 1984). "MILITARY MISSION OF SPACE SHUTTLE TO BE KEPT SECRET". The New York Times. pp. A1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  9. ^ Cassutt, Michael (August 2009). "Secret Space Shuttles". Air & Space. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  10. ^ Day, Dwayne Allen (July 1, 2019). "Top Secret DAMON: the classified reconnaissance payload planned for the fourth space shuttle mission". The Space Review. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Fries, Colin (June 25, 2007). "Chronology of Wakeup Calls" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2007. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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