Royal christening gown
A royal christening gown is an item of baptismal clothing used by a royal family at family christenings. Among those presently using such a gown are the royal families of the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden. In most of these families, the tradition goes back over a century: as of 2019, the Swedish gown has been in service for 113 years, the Dutch gown for 139 years, and the Danish gown for 149 years; the current British gown (a replica of the one used for 163 years) has been in use since 2008. The Spanish gown has been in use for 81 years.
While it is the tradition for these families to reuse the same gowns, some members of these families have decided to use their own purpose-bought gowns for their children. In 1867 for the christening of Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, his mother Princess Helena used a different gown given to her by her mother Queen Victoria; and Prince Joachim of Denmark has favoured using gowns by the Danish designer Henrik Hviid for his children, Count Nikolai, Count Felix, Count Henrik, and Countess Athena.
United Kingdom
[edit] Prince George of Wales wears the original gown at his christening in 1903. He is held by his brother Prince Edward, who had worn it nine years earlier. | |
| Designer | Janet Sutherland (original) Angela Kelly (replica) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1841 (original) 2008 (replica) |
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Honiton lace Spitalfields silk satin |
The Honiton christening gown or simply royal christening gown is an item of baptismal clothing used by the British royal family at every christening. The original gown was created for the christening of Victoria, Princess Royal, in 1841 and was used by the family until 2004, when it was retired for conservation.[1] Elizabeth II commissioned a replica of the 1841 gown which was first used for the christening of her youngest grandson, James, Viscount Severn, in 2008; this replica gown is the one in use as of 2024.
History
[edit]In 1840, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's first child, Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, was born. For the Princess Royal's christening on 10 February 1841, her parents commissioned both the Lily Font and a new christening gown.[2] The gown was designed by Janet Sutherland, who served as Embroiderer to the Queen.[3] It was made of Honiton lace and Spitalfields silk, and was fashioned after Queen Victoria's wedding dress.[1]
The gown was kept and reused by Victoria for all her children and for all her "English grandchildren" (the children of Albert Edward and Alexandra, Alfred and Marie, Arthur and Louise, Leopold and Helena, and Beatrice and Henry).[4] Subsequent generations of the family also continued to use it, including Victoria's great-grandson Lord Louis Mountbatten.[5]
Five kings, four queens, an empress and a crown princess were christened in the original gown:[1]
| Child christened | Life dates | Date and place of christening | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Victoria, Princess Royal (latterly Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia as the wife of Frederick III, German Emperor) |
21 November 1840
— 5 August 1901 |
||
| Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (latterly King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) |
9 November 1841
— 6 May 1910 |
||
| Prince George of Wales (latterly King George V of the United Kingdom) |
3 June 1865
— 20 January 1936 |
7 July 1865
— Windsor Castle |
|
| Princess Maud of Wales (latterly Queen Maud of Norway as the wife of King Haakon VII of Norway) |
26 November 1869
— 20 November 1938 |
||
| Princess Marie of Edinburgh (latterly Queen Marie of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I of Romania) |
29 October 1875
— 18 July 1938 |
15 December 1875
— Windsor Castle |
|
| Princess Margaret of Connaught (latterly Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden as the wife of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden) |
15 January 1882
— 1 May 1920 |
11 March 1882
— Windsor Castle |
|
| Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (latterly Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII of Spain) |
24 October 1887
— 15 April 1969 |
||
| Prince Edward of York (latterly King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom) |
23 June 1894
— 28 May 1972 |
||
| Prince Albert of York (latterly King George VI of the United Kingdom) |
14 December 1895
— 6 February 1952 |
||
| Princess Elizabeth of York (latterly Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom) |
21 April 1926
— 8 September 2022 |
29 May 1926
— Buckingham Palace |
|
| Prince Charles of Edinburgh (latterly King Charles III of the United Kingdom) |
14 November 1948
— (age 76 years, 42 days old) |
15 December 1948
— Buckingham Palace |
In total, the original gown was used by 62 royal children over a period of 163 years, including by the current King, Charles III.[1] Both Charles' sons, his heir apparent William, Prince of Wales, and younger son Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, were christened in the original gown, while four of their children (George, Charlotte, Louis and Archie) were christened in the replica gown.[1] Lilibet, the daughter of Prince Harry, is not thought to have worn the gown for her christening.[6]
There are strict instructions relating to the care of the gown, including that it be washed by hand with spring water after each use and be stored in a dark room. These measures are meant to slow down the garment's aging process and to preserve it as much as possible.[2] In her journal entry for 15 December 1875, the day of Princess Marie of Edinburgh's christening, Queen Victoria said of the dress' condition: "The Baby was dressed in the old Christening robe, which will hardly hold together!"[7] At that time, the dress was 34 years old.
Replica gown
[edit]The 1841 gown was last used in 2004 at the christening of Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor, 163 years after its first use; Queen Elizabeth II subsequently decided it was too fragile for continued use and had the gown retired. The Queen then commissioned her personal wardrobe advisor Angela Kelly to recreate the original gown. Craftsmen from both the United Kingdom and Italy were involved in the project, so as to ensure that the new gown would be as similar to the original as possible.[1]
The replica gown was first used on 19 April 2008 at James, Earl of Wessex's christening, and has been in use ever since. The gown's most recent use was the christening of Princess Beatrice's daughter, Sienna Mapelli Mozzi, in April 2022.
Denmark
[edit] Prince Frederik of Denmark wears the dåbskjole at his christening in 1899, held by his great-grandfather, Christian IX of Denmark. | |
| Year | 1870 |
|---|---|
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Brussels lace |
The Dåbskjole (lit. christening gown) was first used in 1870 for the christening of Christian X of Denmark. This gown is made of Brussels lace, and was bought by Crown Princess Louise in Belgium for her eldest son's christening.[8]
Four kings and two queens have been baptised in this gown:[8]
| Child christened | Life dates | Date and place of christening | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Christian of Denmark (latterly King Christian X of Denmark) |
26 September 1870
— 20 April 1947 |
||
| Prince Carl of Denmark (latterly King Haakon VII of Norway) |
3 August 1872
— 21 September 1957 |
||
| Prince Frederick of Denmark (latterly King Frederik IX of Denmark) |
11 March 1899
— 14 January 1972 |
||
| Princess Margrethe of Denmark and Iceland (latterly Queen Margrethe II of Denmark) |
16 April 1940
(age 84 years, 254 days old) |
||
| Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark (latterly Queen Anne-Marie of Greece as the wife of King Constantine II of Greece) |
30 August 1946
(age 78 years, 118 days old) |
9 October 1946
— The Church of Holmen, Copenhagen | |
| Prince Frederik of Denmark (latterly King Frederik X of Denmark) |
26 May 1968
(age 56 years, 214 days old) |
24 June 1968
— The Church of Holmen, Copenhagen |
King Frederik X's heir apparent, Crown Prince Christian, has also been baptised in the gown. The gown was most recently used in 2012 for the christening of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary's son Prince Vincent. Rather than wearing the traditional family gown, Prince Joachim's children have worn gowns designed by Henrik Hviid, while Princess Josephine, Prince Vincent's twin sister, wore a gown found among Queen Ingrid's belongings.[9]
Netherlands
[edit] Princess Juliana wears the doopjurk in 1909. She is held by her mother, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. | |
| Designer | Anne Maria Schelfhout-Picnot |
|---|---|
| Year | 1880 |
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Brussels lace |
The doopjurk (lit. christening gown) is an item of clothing used by the Dutch royal family at every christening. The original gown was commissioned by Queen Emma for the christening of her daughter Princess Wilhelmina in 1880.[10]
The Dutch gown has been worn by at least thirteen royal babies over 139 years, accounting for all monarchs since Wilhelmina and their children.[10]
History
[edit]In the Netherlands, a christening was usually the first time a royal baby was introduced to the public. Before Wilhelmina's christening in 1880, the mother of the child was not usually present at the service. It was also rare that christenings were held outside of churches.[11]
The gown was hand sewn by Anne Maria Schelfhout-Picnot, a clothing supplier to Queen Emma who specialized in infant clothing. Made of Brussels lace, the gown is decorated with floral motifs and the Dutch royal coat of arms.[10] Four Dutch monarchs have been baptised in this gown:[12]
| Child christened | Life dates | Date and place of christening | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Princess Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (latterly Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands) |
31 August 1880
— 28 November 1962 |
||
| Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (latterly Queen Juliana of the Netherlands) |
30 April 1909
— 20 March 2004 |
||
| Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (latterly Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands) |
31 January 1938
(age 86 years, 330 days old) |
||
| Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (latterly King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands) |
27 April 1967
(age 57 years, 243 days old) |
2 September 1967
— Great Church, The Hague |
King Willem-Alexander's heir apparent, Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange, and his other two daughters, Princess Alexia and Princess Ariane, have also been baptised in this gown.[10] The gown was most recently used at the christening of Princess Ariane in 2007.[10]
The extended royal family
[edit]For other members of the Dutch royal house, such as Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and her family, christenings are private occasions, and most have taken place in the chapel of Het Loo Palace. It is also tradition that the baptism is conducted by the minister who officiated at the child's parents' wedding.[11]
Norway
[edit]| Designer | Princess Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland |
|---|---|
| Year | 1920 |
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Cotton and silk |
In the Norwegian royal family, all babies since 1920, with the exception of Princess Ingrid Alexandra, have been baptised in a robe that was handmade in 1920 by Princess Ingeborg, Crown Princess Märtha of Norway's mother, and thus grandmother of the current king, Harald. The robe's first wearer was Prince Georg of Denmark, one of Ingeborg's grandchildren, and has since been worn by many Norwegian royal children. The names of the babies are sewn in to the gown.
Princess Ingrid Alexandra, who as of 2022 is second in line to the Norwegian throne, was baptised in the chapel of the Royal Palace in Oslo on 17 April 2004, wearing the same gown as her great-grandfather King Olav V had worn when he was baptised as Prince Alexander Edward Christian Frederik of Denmark at Sandringham in 1903. This gown had been purchased for him by his grandmother, Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom.[13]
Spain
[edit] King Juan Carlos I wears the dress at his baptism in 1938. | |
| Year | 1938 |
|---|---|
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Beige linen and satin |
The faldón de cristianar (lit. baptismal gown), is the gown used by the Spanish royal family. It was first commissioned in 1938 by the then-exiled Infante Juan and Infanta María de las Mercedes of Spain for their son, Infante Juan Carlos.[citation needed]
This gown is made of beige linen, with satin ribbons and hand-embroidered lace.[14]
History
[edit]The gown was first used for the christening of Juan Carlos I in 1938. At this time, the Spanish royal family were in exile in Rome during the Civil War, whilst Spain was under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The family were later permitted to return before Juan Carlos' installation as King of Spain, and the first use of the gown in Spain was for the christening of Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo in 1963.[14]
Two Spanish monarchs have been christened in this gown:[14]
| Child christened | Life dates | Date and place of christening | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infante Juan Carlos of Spain (latterly King Juan Carlos I of Spain) |
5 January 1938
(age 86 years, 356 days old) |
||
| Infante Felipe of Spain (latterly King Felipe VI of Spain) |
30 January 1968
(age 56 years, 331 days old) |
The other members of the royal family baptised in this gown are:[14]
- 1939: Infanta Margarita of Spain (latterly Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Duchess of Hermani)
- 1941: Infante Alfonso of Spain
- 1963: Infanta Elena of Spain (latterly Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo)
- 1965: Infanta Cristina of Spain
- 1998: Felipe de Marichalar y Borbón (son of Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo and Jaime de Marichalar)
- 1999: Juan Urdangarín y de Borbón (son of Infanta Cristina of Spain and Iñaki Urdangarin)
- 2000: Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón (daughter of Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo and Jaime de Marichalar)
- 2001: Pablo Urdangarín y de Borbón (son of Infanta Cristina of Spain and Iñaki Urdangarin)
- 2002: Miguel Urdangarín y de Borbón (son of Infanta Cristina of Spain and Iñaki Urdangarin)
- 2005: Irene Urdangarín y de Borbón (daughter of Infanta Cristina of Spain and Iñaki Urdangarin)
- 2006: Infanta Leonor of Spain (latterly Leonor, Princess of Asturias), current heir presumptive to the throne
- 2007: Infanta Sofía of Spain
Sweden
[edit].jpg) Prince Gustaf Adolf wears the Swedish 'dopklänning' at his christening in 1906. | |
| Year | 1906 |
|---|---|
| Type | Baptismal clothing |
| Material | Cotton batiste Valenciennes lace Silk |
The Dopklänning (also lit. christening gown), has been in the Swedish royal family's use since the christening of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten in 1906. This gown is made of cotton batiste and Valenciennes lace, with a silk undergarment.[15]
At Princess Margaretha's christening in 1935, her parents, The Duke and Duchess of Västerbotten, commissioned a cream-colored cape and cap to be added to the gown. All the names and dates of the baptisms the gown has been used for since then have been embroidered into the cape.[15]
One king and one queen have been christened in this gown:[16]
| Child christened | Life dates | Date and place of christening | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Princess Ingrid of Sweden (latterly Queen Ingrid of Denmark as the wife of King Frederik IX of Denmark) |
28 March 1910
— 7 November 2000 |
||
| Prince Carl Gustaf, Duke of Jämtland (latterly King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden) |
30 April 1946
(age 78 years, 240 days old) |
7 June 1946
— Slottskyrkan, Stockholm |
The other royals baptised in this gown are:[16]
- 1906: Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
- 1907: Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland (latterly Sigvard Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg)
- 1909: Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland (latterly Lennart Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg)
- 1912: Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
- 1916: Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna (latterly Carl Johan Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg)
- 1935: Princess Margaretha of Sweden
- 1937: Princess Birgitta of Sweden
- 1938: Princess Désirée of Sweden
- 1943: Princess Christina of Sweden
- 1977: Princess Victoria of Sweden (latterly Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden and Duchess of Västergötland)
- 1979: Crown Prince Carl Philip (latterly Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland)
- 1982: Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
- 2012: Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland
- 2014: Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland
- 2015: Prince Nicolas, Duke of Ångermanland
- 2016, 27 May: Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
- 2016, 11 October: Prince Alexander, Duke of Södermanland
- 2017: Prince Gabriel, Duke of Dalarna
- 2018: Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge
- 2021: Prince Julian, Duke of Halland
The gown has been worn by more than twenty royals over 110 years, and was most recently used at the christening of Prince Carl Philip's son, Prince Julian, in 2021.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Angell, Elizabeth (6 July 2019). "The Royal Family's Christening Dress Has a Fascinating History". Town & Country. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ a b Holt, Bethan (6 July 2019). "The story behind the royal christening robe that Archie Mountbatten Windsor wore for his baptism". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Sowray, Bibby (21 October 2013). "Original designer of Prince George's Christening gown revealed". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Queen Victoria (16 July 1894). "Journal Entry: Monday 16th July 1894". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ Queen Victoria (17 July 1900). "Journal Entry : Tuesday 17th July 1900". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ Dooley, Matthew (9 March 2023). "Meghan and Harry begin new 'Sussex tradition' following Princess Lilibet's christening". Express.
- ^ Queen Victoria (15 December 1875). "Journal Entry : Wednesday 15th December 1875". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Elizabeth II. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Dåbskjolen" [Christening gown] (in Danish). Det Danske Kongehuset. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ "Kgl. døbefont, dåbsfad og dåbskjoler" [Royal baptismal font and baptismal dresses] (in Danish). Det Danske Kongehuset. 2019. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Trudie Rosa de Carvalho (2019). "De doopjurk van prinses Wilhelmina" [The christening dress of Princess Wilhelmina] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Christening service". Het Koninklijk Huis. 2 February 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ "Doopplechtigheid" [Baptismal ceremony] (in Dutch). Het Koninklijk Huis. 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ "Prinsessens dåp" [The Princess' Baptism]. The Norwegian Royal House (in Norwegian).
- ^ a b c d "Origen y tradición de los vestidos de cristianar" [The origin and tradition of christening gowns]. lashilanderas.com (in Spanish). 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Dopklänning" [Christening gown] (in Swedish). Sveriges Kungahuset. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Spännande historia kring prinsessan Adriennes dopklänning" [The exciting story of Princess Adrienne's christening dress]. galamagazine.se (in Swedish). 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
- ^ Amanda Hällsten (August 2021). "Barnmorskan på gästlistan vid prins Julians dop". Aftonbladet. Retrieved 15 August 2021.