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|name= .jpg|175px|Ronald Niel Stuart]] |caption=Ronald Niel Stuart VC |nickname=Ronald Niel Stuart |born= (1886-08-26)26 August 1886 |died= 8 February 1954(1954-02-08) (aged 67) |placeofbirth= Toxteth, Liverpool |placeofdeath= Charing, Kent |image=[[Image:VCRonaldNielStuart |allegiance= United Kingdom |serviceyears= 1902–1951 |rank= Captain & Commodore |branch= [[Image:{{]] HMS Tamarisk
Merchant Navy: SS Brandon, SS Minnedosa, SS Duchess of York, RMS Empress of Britain |unit= Royal Naval Reserve |battles= World War I

First Battle of the Atlantic

World War II |awards= Victoria Cross
Distinguished Service Order
Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Res
Royal Navy Reserve Decoration
Mentioned in DespatchesCroix de Guerre (France)
Navy Cross (United States) |laterwork= Military PersonNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]] Royal Naval Reserve
Merchant Navy |commands= Royal Navy: [[Q-ship was a British Merchant Navy commodore and }} Ronald Niel Stuart VC DSO RD RNR (26 August 1886 – 8 February 1954)Infobox Royal Navy captain who was highly commended following extensive and distinguished service at sea over a period of more than thirty-five years. During [[World War Montreal. She was the daughter of a master mariner from Australia.^[1] In the 1880s the family moved to Liverpool, where Stuart was born as the youngest of six children. Neil worked in the city as a dock superintendent and owner of a wholesale tea shop before dying suddenly whilst preparing for a return to the Merchant Navy.^[1]

Stuart was by this time a stocky, blonde, blue-eyed man described as "powerful" but "very bleak and penetrating".^[2] He was initially educated at Shaw Street College, but following his father's death was forced to leave and take a job as a clerk in an office.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

His first year of Q-ship service was frustrating for Stuart and the crew. Although, prior to his attachment to the ship, Farnborough had succeeded in sinking an enemy submarine (the U-68 in March 1916), there had been no successes since. In February 1917, Campbell decided that in order to properly invite an attack, the Farnborough would have to actually be torpedoed before combat and then engage the submarine as she closed to finish the job with shellfire.^[3] On the 17 February this theory was proven correct off Southern Ireland when the lone Farnborough was struck by a torpedo fired at extreme range. Campbell intentionally failed to evade the missile and the ship took the blow in the hold, causing some minor injuries to the crew but serious damage to the ship. The crew were well rehearsed and the "panic party" took to their boats with a great show of Hoppe and the U-boat was rapidly reduced to a battered wreck. Eight German sailors escaped the submarine before it sank but only two could be pulled from the water, one of whom subsequently died from his wounds.^[4]

The Farnborough too was sinking from her torpedo damage. Realising this, Campbell left the men in the boats, destroyed all confidential papers and radioed for help. His unorthodox message read: "In 1905 the Kirkhill was wrecked on a rock near the Falkland Islands.^[5] Stuart survived the sinking and returned to England to continue his training. He was posted to a new ship upon his return but she too was wrecked by a cyclone off the Florida coast.^[1] Eventually, after several years service he achieved his mariner's qualifications and gained a job with the Allan Line as a junior officer. He then served in a variety of sailing and steam ships traveling across most of the world. In 1910, the Allan Line was taken over by the Canadian Pacific Line and he continued working with the company's new owners as a junior ship's officer.

respectfully wishes you goodbye".^[6] This message reached nearby naval shipping, and within an hour the destroyers HMS Narwhal and HMS Buttercup arrived and began to tow the stricken ship back to land. During the night a depth charge accidentally exploded on board Farnborough and the tow was dropped. Campbell ordered the twelve men remaining aboard into a lifeboat and attempted to take a final survey of his vessel, only to be driven back by another exploding depth charge. On returning to the rail he discovered that Stuart had disobeyed his order and remained on board, to make sure his captain disembarked safely.^[6] The tow was later reattached and the battered Farnborough beached at Mill Cove, in no fit state to return to sea.^[7] Campbell was awarded the Victoria Cross in recognition of his service in the action and £1,000 of prize money was shared among the crew. Stuart and Engineer-Lieutenant Len Loveless were both presented with the Distinguished Service Order.^[8]

slowly sinkingCollege]].</ref> Stuart's son commented that "He hated it [the job]. He hated Liverpool".Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

By this stage in the war,===

Ronald Stuart receiving his VC from King George V outside Buckingham Palace

Following the actionQ5 ily genealogy website prefer the more unorthodox Niel. Given the range of sources the latter features in, and its preference by his own family, Niel appears to be correct.</refphen Snelling </ref> In 1902, Stuart decided to leave the city and find work in a different environment. He took an apprenticeship with the shipping company Steele & Co and was sent to learn his trade on the sailing barque Kirkhill.^[9]

Stuart remained with Campbell and Loveless as Inspectors of Shipping, choosing those vessels they believed to be best suited to Q-ship work for naval service. After some time ashore all three returned to sea in a vessel they had personally chosen, an old, battered tramp steamer named SS Vittoria. Renaming it HMS Pargust, they armed their vessel with a 4" gun, two twelve pounders, two machine guns, torpedo tubes and depth charges.^[10] Thus armed the Pargust departed on her first patrol to the same grounds where U-83 had been sunk, in the waters south of Ireland. For the first few days her duties consisted only of rescuing survivors from sunken cargo ships but with increasing German activity, an attack was expected at any moment. On the 7 June 1917, Pargust was suddenly struck by a torpedo fired at very close range from an unseen German submarine.^[11] Unlike the  the German submarine would follow his movements, as its commander assumed him to be the captain. Hereford therefore ordered his men to row back towards the ship, thus luring the enemy into range. This made the submarine commander believe that the ship’s crew were planning to regain their vessel and he immediately closed to just 50 yards (46m), surfaced and began angrily semaphoring to the "survivors" in the boats. This was exactly what the gun crews had been waiting for and a volley of fire was directed at the U-boat.^[12] Numerous holes were blown in the conning tower and the submarine desperately attempted to flee on the surface before slowing down and heeling over, trailing oil. The gun crews then stopped firing only for the submarine to suddenly restart its engines and attempt to escape. In a final barrage of fire the submarine was hit fatally, a large explosion blowing the vessel in two. Rosenow and 22 of his crew were killed, whilst two survivors were rescued by the panic party.^[13]

The wrecked Pargust was taken in tow by HMS Crocus, USS Cushing and HMS Zinnia and reached Queenstown barely afloat nearly two days participated in the action with equal valour. It was thus decided for the first time, under article 13 of the Victoria Cross's royal warrant,^[11] that one officer and one enlisted man would be granted the award following a ballot by the ship's company.^[13] After the vote, from which Campbell abstained, the Victoria Crosses were awarded to Stuart and William Williams.submarine authorities had become aware of the existence of Q-ships and Captain Ernst Rosenow of the UC-29 was taking no risks with his target, remaining at 400 yards (366m) distance watching the staged panicked evacuation of the ship. While the hidden gun crews watched the enemy approach the lifeboats, the officer in charge of the boats, Lieutenant Francis Hereford, realised that the Fourteen other crew members were awarded medals, including DSOs for Campbell and Hereford. In addition, every sailor had his participation in the action and subsequent ballot noted on his service records.^[13]

Due to the official secrecy surrounding the activities of the Q-ships, Stuart's and Williams's Victoria Crosses were announced without fanfare or explanation of their actions; even the Pargust's name was omitted from the citation. The full account of the action was not published until after the armistice in November 1918.^[14] Stuart was noted as the first Anglo-Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross and his obituary later stated that in the action, "his gallantry stood out".^[9] The medal was presented to him in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace by King George V on the 23 July 1917.^[9]

Victoria Cross citations

Admiralty, 20th July, 1917
HONOURS FOR SERVICES IN ACTION WITH ENEMY SUBMARINES

The KING has been graciously pleased to approve of the award of the following honours, decorations and medals to officer and men for services in action with enemy submarines:

To receive the Victoria Cross.

Lieut. Ronald Neil Stuart, D.S.O., R.N.R.
Sea. William Williams, R.N.R., O.N., 6224A
Lieutenant Stuart and Seaman Williams were selected by the officers and ship's company respectively of one of H.M. Ships to receive the Victoria Cross under Rule 13 of the Royal Warrant dated 29th January, 1856.

The London Gazette, 20th July, 1917^[15]

Action of H.M.S "Pargust" on the 7th June, 1917.

On the 7th June, 1917, while disguised as a British merchant vessel with a dummy gun mounted aft, H.M.S. "Pargust" was torpedoed at very close range. Her boiler-room, engine-room, and No. 5 hold were immediately flooded, and the starboard lifeboat was blown to pieces. The weather was misty at the time, fresh breeze and a choppy sea. The "Panic Party", under the command of Lieutenant F. R. Hereford, D.S.C., R.N.R., abandoned ship, and as the last boat was shoving off, the periscope of the submarine was observed close before the port beam about 400 yards distant. The enemy then submerged, and periscope reappeared directly astern, passing to the starboard quarter, and then round to the port beam, when it turned again towards the ship, breaking surface about 50 yards away. The lifeboat, acting as a lure, commenced to pull round the stern; submarine followed closely and Lieutenant Hereford, with complete disregard of the danger incurred from the fire of either ship or submarine (who had trained a maxim on the lifeboat), continued to decoy her to within 50 yards of the ship. The "Pargust" then opened fire with all guns, and the submarine, with oil squirting from her side and the crew pouring out of the conning tower, steamed slowly across the bows with a heavy list. The enemy crew held up their hands in token of surrender, whereupon fire immediately ceased. The submarine then began to move away at a gradually increasing speed, apparently endeavouring to escape in the mist. Fire was reopened until she sank, one man clinging to the bow as she went down. The boats, after a severe pull to the windward, succeeded in saving one officer and one man. American Destroyers and a British sloop arrived shortly afterwards, and the "Pargust" was towed back to port. As on the previous occasions, officers and men displayed the utmost courage and confidence in their captain, and the action serves as an example of what perfect discipline, when coupled with such confidence, can achieve.
(The award of the Victoria Cross to Lieut. Ronald Neil Stuart, D.S.O., R.N.R., and Sea. William Williams, R.N.R., O.N., 6224A., was announced in London Gazette no. 30194, dated the 20th July, 1917.)

The London Gazette, 20th November, 1918Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

===HMS Tamarisk/web/20070926223305/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/warships/vessel.asp?id=6036 HMS Tamarisk 1916-6-2], Clyde Warships, Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref>

In addition to receiving the Victoria Cross, Stuart was promoted to lieutenant commander and given his own command, HMS Tamarisk. Tamarisk was a small sloop built in 1916 which was A few months after assuming command, on 15 October 1917, Stuart was on hand to rescue the United States Navy destroyer USS Cassin after she was torpedoed by [[SM U-61quiet for Stuart, achieving no further successes against submarines. Upon the armistice the full details of his Victoria Cross action were revealed and, in 1919, he was mentioned in despatches in recognition of the service he had performed during the Q-ship operaCaptain=== [[Image:Government Ensign of the nking.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). The next morning several trawlers came to the aid of the Q-ship and together they enabled the Cassin to make port, saving the ship and her crew. Ten years after the Cassin's rescue the US Navy awarded Stuart the Navy Cross in recognition of his part in the operation; it was a rare presentation to a sailor of a foreign navy and the only occasion in which the recipient also possessed the Victoria Cross.^[16]

File:USS United Kingdom.svg

Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels under t was during this period, in 1929, that he was awarded the Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve (RD) in honour of his long service^[17] and in 1935 he was madetions.^[18] As further recognition of his overall efforts against the German submarine campaign, the French government presented him with the Croix de Guerre. In 1919, Stuart returned to Canadian Pacific, his maritime reputation on both sides of the Atlantic greatly enhanced by his war record. In the same year he met and married his wife Evelyn, with whom he would have three sons and two daughters.^[19] ==Return to the

, Retrieved 23 May 2007 </ref> The dead crew member was Osmond Ingram, who had died throwing burning munitions overboard and was later posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.^[20] Twenty miles from the Irish coast and in total darknesshe steam freighter SS Brandon, in 1927. After a short period in charge he was again promoted and transferred, taking up the role of Staff Captain on the liner RMS Empress of Australia.

===Ships' a full Naval Reserve Captain. He maintained his connection with the RNR throughout his life, becoming Honorary President of the RNR Officer's Club and a part-time he command of officers in the Royal Naval Reserve.]] Just a year later he again moved, becoming full captain on the 15,000 ton liner SS Minnedosa – an older ship which transported immigrants to Canada.^[21] Stuart was one of a number of Royal Naval Reserve officers employed by Canadian Pacific, part of a deliberate recruitment policy by the company.^[22] In 1929, he was given his biggest command yet as he took over the newly completed 20,000 ton ocean liner SS Duchess of York.^[23] He commanded her for five years along her route from Liverpool to Saint John, New Brunswick stopping at Belfast and Greenock. He also briefly commanded her on the New York to Bermuda route.^[16] Itnaval aide-de-camp to King George VI in 1941 – a position he held part-time throughout World War II.^[9] A special warrant was written in 1927 which allowed him to fly the Blue Ensign from any ship, mercantile or military, which he commanded.^[16]

In 1931, whilst he was in command of the Duchess of York, his wife suddenly passed away in Toxteth. This event is said to have changed Stuart's demeanour and plunged him into a depression.route.

After three years in command of this giant ship on her England to Quebec route, Stuart was given a desk job managing the company's assets in Montreal. In 1937, he was promoted to company superintendent, a role followed by the job of general manager at Canadian Pacific's London office. He retained this job for 13 years, including through the difficult experiences of Service Cross,^[24] whilst the other was Mentioned in Despatches.

Retirement

Retiring in 1951, Stuart retreated to his sisters' cottage in Charing, Kent, and spent his days reading, walking, observing nature and visiting the cinema, where he was reportedly notorious for "jeering embarrassingly loudly at falsely heroic, sentimental or emotional passages" and shouting "Mush!" at parts of movies he did not approve.^[19] He died aged 67 at the cottage on 8 February 1954 and was buried in local Charing Cemetery.^[19]^[25] For many years his gravestone was in a poor state of repair, but successful attempts have been made by memorial organisations to replace it with a standard white Commonwealth War Grave headstone.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Following his death, 'Stuart Close' in Lee-on-Solent was named for him and his medals were collected and donated on permanent loan to the National Maritime Museum, where they are on display.^[26]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference P140 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference P141 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ P.122, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ P.123, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ Cite error: The named reference roh.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b P.124, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ P.125, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ "No. 29997". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 23 March 1917.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart, The Times Retrieved 23 May 2007
^ P.126, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ ^a ^b P.304, Symbol of Courage, Max Arthur
^ P.128, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ ^a ^b ^c P.129, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling
^ Cite error: The named reference LGC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "No. 30194". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 20 July 1917.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference P142 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "No. 33555". The London Gazette. 26 November 1929.
^ "No. 31248". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 21 March 1919.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference P143 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ USS Osmund Ingram, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Retrieved 8 September 2007
^ Pictures of the Minnedosa [1] & [2] from the Cosmopolitan Postcard Club, Retrieved 23 May 2007
^ Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986). [http://books.google.com/books?id=OuUvlfcIGRQC&pg=PA238&vq=Robinson&dq=samuel+robinson+steamship&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=nU0lv-l0jjUHKijPAeV7H3Oq-vI#PPA238,M1 Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Merchant Navy== After post-war service on a succession of merchant ships, Stuart was provided with his first merchant command, thistory.navy.mil/danfs/c4/cassin-i.htm USS Cassin], [[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting ShipsPacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867-1941], p. 238.
^ Pictures of the SS Duchess of York, www.simplonpc.co.uk, Retrieved 24 May 2007
^ Sub-Lieutenant Ronald Neil Stuart, RNR: "No. 36866". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 29 December 1944.
^ Grave location for holders of the Victoria Cross in the county of Kent, www.victoriacross.org.uk, Retrieved on the 23 May 2007.
^ The collection of Victoria Crosses in the National Maritime Museum, National Maritime Museum, Retrieved 23 May 2007.

==resurgent German submarine fleet.^[1] One was presented with the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished

  publisher=This England Books|
  id=ISBN 0-906324-27-0}}

Arthur, Max (2004). Symbol of Courage, A History of the Victoria Cross. Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-283103-51-9.
Harvey, David (1999). Monuments to Courage. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 1-843423-56-1.
Murphy, James. (2008). Liverpool VCs. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword Books. 10-ISBN 1-844-15780-6; 13-ISBN 978-1-844-15780-8
{{cite book |

  author=Snelling, links==

[htMemorial, Kent, transcribed by David Hughes and Neil Clark

Stephen htMemorial, Kent, transcribed by David Hughes and Neil Clark [[Category:Featured articles]] Stephen]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |DATE OF BIRTH= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |DATE OF DEATH= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |PLACE OF BIRTH= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |PLACE OF DEATH= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |SHORT DESCRIPTION= ignored (help); line feed character in |url= at position 61 (help)

^ P.143, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[P140-1] Cite error: The named reference P140 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[P141-2] Cite error: The named reference P141 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[P122-3] P.122, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[P123-4] P.123, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[roh.com-5] Cite error: The named reference roh.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[P124-6] P.124, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[P125-7] P.125, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[8] "No. 29997". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 23 March 1917.

[Times-9] Obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart, The Times Retrieved 23 May 2007

[P126-10] P.126, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[Soc-11] P.304, Symbol of Courage, Max Arthur

[P128-12] P.128, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[P129-13] P.129, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

[LGC-14] Cite error: The named reference LGC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[15] "No. 30194". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 20 July 1917.

[P142-16] Cite error: The named reference P142 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[17] "No. 33555". The London Gazette. 26 November 1929.

[LGC2-18] "No. 31248". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 21 March 1919.

[P143-19] Cite error: The named reference P143 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[OIngram-20] USS Osmund Ingram, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Retrieved 8 September 2007

[21] Pictures of the Minnedosa [1] & [2] from the Cosmopolitan Postcard Club, Retrieved 23 May 2007

[t238-22] Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986). [http://books.google.com/books?id=OuUvlfcIGRQC&pg=PA238&vq=Robinson&dq=samuel+robinson+steamship&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=nU0lv-l0jjUHKijPAeV7H3Oq-vI#PPA238,M1 Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Merchant Navy== After post-war service on a succession of merchant ships, Stuart was provided with his first merchant command, thistory.navy.mil/danfs/c4/cassin-i.htm USS Cassin], [[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting ShipsPacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867-1941], p. 238.

[23] Pictures of the SS Duchess of York, www.simplonpc.co.uk, Retrieved 24 May 2007

[24] Sub-Lieutenant Ronald Neil Stuart, RNR: "No. 36866". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 29 December 1944.

[Kent-25] Grave location for holders of the Victoria Cross in the county of Kent, www.victoriacross.org.uk, Retrieved on the 23 May 2007.

[NMM-26] The collection of Victoria Crosses in the National Maritime Museum, National Maritime Museum, Retrieved 23 May 2007.

[P143-27] P.143, The Naval VCs, Stephen Snelling

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+|name= .jpg|175px|Ronald Niel Stuart]]
-{{Infobox Military Person
-|name= Ronald Niel Stuart
+|caption=Ronald Niel Stuart VC
+|nickname=Ronald Niel Stuart
 |born= {{birth date|1886|8|26|df=yes}}
 |died= {{death date and age|1954|2|8|1886|8|26|df=yes}}
 |placeofbirth= [[Toxteth]], [[Liverpool]]
 |placeofdeath= [[Charing]], [[Kent]]
-|image=[[Image:VCRonaldNielStuart.jpg|175px|Ronald Niel Stuart]]
+|image=[[Image:VCRonaldNielStuart
-|caption=Ronald Niel Stuart VC
-|nickname=
 |allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
 |serviceyears= 1902–1951
 |rank= [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] & [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
+|branch= [[Image:{{]] HMS ''Tamarisk''<br/> '''Merchant Navy:''' SS ''Brandon'', [[SS Minnedosa|SS ''Minnedosa'']], [[SS Duchess of York|SS ''Duchess of York'']], [[RMS Empress of Britain (1931)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']]
-|branch= [[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]] [[Royal Naval Reserve]]<br/>[[Image:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]] [[British Merchant Navy|Merchant Navy]]
-|commands= '''Royal Navy:''' [[Q-ship]] HMS ''Tamarisk''<br/> '''Merchant Navy:''' SS ''Brandon'', [[SS Minnedosa|SS ''Minnedosa'']], [[SS Duchess of York|SS ''Duchess of York'']], [[RMS Empress of Britain (1931)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']]
 |unit= [[Royal Naval Reserve]]
 |battles= [[World War I]]
 *[[First Battle of the Atlantic]]
 [[World War II]]
-|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]<br />[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br />[[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve|Royal Navy Reserve Decoration]]<br />[[Mentioned in Despatches]]<br />[[Croix de Guerre]] (France)<br />[[Navy Cross]] (United States)
+|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]<br />[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br />[[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Res]]<br />[[erve|Royal Navy Reserve Decoration]]<br />[[Mentioned in DespatchesCroix de Guerre]] (France)<br />[[Navy Cross]] (United States)
 |laterwork=
+Military PersonNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]] [[Royal Naval Reserve]]<br/>[[Image:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]] [[British Merchant Navy|Merchant Navy]]
-}}
+|commands= '''Royal Navy:''' [[Q-ship was a [[British Merchant Navy]] [[Commodore (RN)|commodore]] and }}
-<!-- The Niel in this man's name is spelt in this unorthodox manner and is not a typo. Several sources have mistakenly written this as Neil, but this is incorrect. -->
-'''Ronald Niel Stuart''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] [[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve|RD]] [[Royal Naval Reserve|RNR]] (26 August 1886 – 8 February 1954) was a [[British Merchant Navy]] [[Commodore (RN)|commodore]] and [[Royal Navy]] [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] who was highly commended following extensive and distinguished service at sea over a period of more than thirty-five years. During [[World War I]] he received the [[Victoria Cross]], the [[Distinguished Service Order]], the French [[Croix de Guerre|Croix de Guerre avec Palmes]] and the United States' [[Navy Cross]] for a series of daring operations he conducted while serving in the Royal Navy during the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]].
+<!-- I]] he received the [[Victoria Cross]], the [[Distinguished Service Order]], the French [[Croix de Guerre|Croix de Guerre avec Palmes]] and the United States' [[Navy Cross]] for a series of daring operations he conducted while serving in the Royal Navy during the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]].
-Stuart's Victoria Cross was awarded following a ballot by the men under his command. This unusual method of selection was used after the Admiralty board was unable to choose which members of the crew deserved the honour after a desperate engagement between a [[Q-ship]] and a German submarine off the Irish coast. His later career included command of the liner [[RMS Empress of Britain (1930)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']] and the management of the London office of a major transatlantic shipping company. Following his retirement in 1951, Stuart moved into his sister's cottage in Kent and died three years later. A sometimes irascible man, he was reportedly embarrassed by any fuss surrounding his celebrity and was known to exclaim "Mush!" at any demonstration of strong emotion.<ref name="P143"/>
+<ref>Stuart's Victoria Cross was awarded following a ballot by the men under his command. This unusual method of selection was used after the Admiralty board was unable to choose which members of the crew deserved the honour after a desperate engagement between a [[Q-ship]] and a German submarine off the Irish coast. His later career included command of the liner [[RMS Empress of Britain (1930)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']] and the management of the London office of a major transatlantic shipping company. Following his retirement in 1951, Stuart moved into his sister's cottage in Kent and died three years later. A sometimes irascible man, he was reportedly embarrassed by any fuss surrounding his celebrity and was known to exclaim "Mush!" at any demonstration of strong emotion.<ref name="P143"/>
+==> Neil Sr. had been born on [[Prince Edward Island]] in [[Canada]] and had met and married Mary in The Niel in this man's name is spelt in this unorthodox manner and is not a typo. Several sources have mistakenly written this as Neil, but this is incorrect. -->
-==Early life==
-Ronald Niel Stuart was born in 1886 in [[Liverpool]] to Neil Stuart and Mary Harrison, both from experienced seafaring families.<ref> There is some discrepancy in the spelling of Ronald Stuart's middle name. The London Gazette and his Times obituary prefer Neil, whilst Stephen Snelling and the family genealogy website prefer the more unorthodox Niel. Given the range of sources the latter features in, and its preference by his own family, Niel appears to be correct.</ref> Neil Sr. had been born on [[Prince Edward Island]] in [[Canada]] and had met and married Mary in [[Montreal]]. She was the daughter of a master mariner from [[Australia]].<ref name="P140"/> In the 1880s the family moved to Liverpool, where Stuart was born as the youngest of six children. Neil worked in the city as a dock superintendent and owner of a wholesale tea shop before dying suddenly whilst preparing for a return to the Merchant Navy.<ref name="P140"/>
+'''Ronald Niel Stuart''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] [[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve|RD]] [[Royal Naval Reserve|RNR]] (26 August 1886 – 8 February 1954)Infobox [[Royal Navy]] [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] who was highly commended following extensive and distinguished service at sea over a period of more than thirty-five years. During [[World War [[Montreal]]. She was the daughter of a master mariner from [[Australia]].<ref name="P140"/> In the 1880s the family moved to Liverpool, where Stuart was born as the youngest of six children. Neil worked in the city as a dock superintendent and owner of a wholesale tea shop before dying suddenly whilst preparing for a return to the Merchant Navy.<ref name="P140"/>
-Stuart was by this time a stocky, blonde, blue-eyed man described as "powerful" but "very bleak and penetrating".<ref name="P141"/> He was initially educated at [[Shaw Street College]], but following his father's death was forced to leave and take a job as a clerk in an office.<ref>Shaw Street College later became [[Liverpool College]].</ref> Stuart's son commented that "He hated it [the job]. He hated Liverpool".<ref name="P140"> P.140, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> In 1902, Stuart decided to leave the city and find work in a different environment. He took an apprenticeship with the shipping company Steele & Co and was sent to learn his trade on the sailing [[barque]] ''Kirkhill''.<ref name="Times"/>
+Stuart was by this time a stocky, blonde, blue-eyed man described as "powerful" but "very bleak and penetrating".<ref name="P141"/> He was initially educated at [[Shaw Street College]], but following his father's death was forced to leave and take a job as a clerk in an office.<ref>Shaw Street College later became [[Liverpool ==First World War==
-In 1905 the ''Kirkhill'' was wrecked on a rock near the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref name="roh.com"/> Stuart survived the sinking and returned to England to continue his training. He was posted to a new ship upon his return but she too was wrecked by a cyclone off the [[Florida]] coast.<ref name="P140"/> Eventually, after several years service he achieved his mariner's qualifications and gained a job with the [[Allan Line]] as a junior officer. He then served in a variety of sailing and steam ships traveling across most of the world. In 1910, the Allan Line was taken over by the [[CP Ships|Canadian Pacific Line]] and he continued working with the company's new owners as a junior ship's officer.
-==First World War==
 [[Image:Victoria Cross Medal Ribbon & Bar.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Victoria Cross]].]]
 At the outbreak of [[World War I]] Stuart was called up to service, as an officer in the [[Royal Naval Reserve]]. He was originally posted as a junior officer on board the old and obsolete [[destroyer]] HMS ''Opossum'' in [[Plymouth]]. This ship was used for harbour patrols and intercepting neutral merchant ships and other work Stuart considered tedious.<ref name="Times"/> He became increasingly impatient with the life and repeatedly applied to his senior officers with requests for transfer; at one point he even requested that he be commissioned into the army. All of these were turned down, with increasing levels of hostility from his commanders, one of whom was reported to have told him to "Go to hell! And shut the door behind you!"<ref name="P140"/>
@@ Line 39: / Line 33: @@
 In the spring of 1916 he was transferred as first [[lieutenant]] to a [[Q-ship]] under [[Gordon Campbell, VC|Gordon Campbell]]. A Q-ship was a merchant ship with hidden weaponry, commanded secretly by the navy and manned by a Royal Navy crew. When attacked by a submarine, the Q-ship would feign damage until the enemy was close enough to engage and then reveal its weapons to counter-attack. Campbell, a major proponent of Q-ship strategy, was impressed with Stuart's stubborn refusal to accept the two years of rejection and brought him in to replace an officer whose nerves had cracked under the strain of Q-ship operations.<ref name="P141"/>
-Stuart's experience in merchant shipping proved invaluable to his work and he soon had the crew of Q5 (also known as HMS ''Farnborough'') disciplined and the ship well maintained and run. Campbell himself was very pleased with his executive officer, declaring him "on the top line".<ref name="P141"/> Stuart and Campbell would later fall out over Stuart's belief that Campbell was exaggerating the danger of Q-ship service, Stuart comparing his own life favourably with service in [[Western Front (World War I)|the trenches]].<ref name="P141"> P.141, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
+Stuart's experience in merchant shipping proved invaluable to his work and he soon had the crew of Q5 (also known as HMS ''Farnborough'') disciplined and the ship well maintained and run. Campbell himself was very pleased with his executive officer, declaring him "on the top line".<ref name="P141"/> Stuart and Campbell would later fall out over Stuart's belief that Campbell was exaggerating tlater. The port's admiral congratulated the crew personally on their arrival. As before, the crew were awarded £1,000 prize money and several awards were promised. Unusually, the [[Admiralty]] were unable to decide who amongst the ship's crew should receive the [[Victoria Cross]] as all were deemed to have he danger of Q-ship service, Stuart comparing his own life favourably with service in [[Western Front (World War I)|the trenches]].<ref name="P141"> P.141, alarm and disorder whilst the gun crews manned positions on their hidden weapons. When four lifeboats had been released and the ship had settled in the water and was clearly sinking, the submarine [[SM U-83|''U-83'']] pulled up just ten yards (9m) from the wreck. A hail of shot was then unleashed by the ''Farnborough's'' remaining crew from their six-pounder gun and several [[machine gun]]s into the stationary submarine. The very first shot decapitated the German captain Bruno ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
+His first year of Q-ship service was frustrating for Stuart and the  crew. Although, prior to his attachment to the ship, ''Farnborough'' had succeeded in sinking an enemy submarine (the [[SM U-68|''U-68'']] in March 1916), there had been no successes since. In February 1917, Campbell decided that in order to properly invite an attack, the ''Farnborough'' would have to actually be torpedoed before combat and then engage the submarine as she closed to finish the job with shellfire.<ref name="P122"> P.122, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>  On the 17 February this theory was proven correct off Southern [[Ireland]] when the lone ''Farnborough'' was struck by a torpedo fired at extreme range. Campbell intentionally failed to evade the missile and the ship took the blow in the hold, causing some minor injuries to the crew but serious damage to the ship. The crew were well rehearsed and the "panic party" took to their boats with a great show of Hoppe and the U-boat was rapidly reduced to a battered wreck. Eight German sailors escaped the submarine before it sank but only two could be pulled from the water, one of whom subsequently died from his wounds.<ref name="P123"> P.123, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
+The ''Farnborough'' too was sinking from her torpedo damage. Realising this, Campbell left the men in the boats, destroyed all confidential papers and radioed for help. His unorthodox message read: "In 1905 the ''Kirkhill'' was wrecked on a rock near the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref name="roh.com"/> Stuart survived the sinking and returned to England to continue his training. He was posted to a new ship upon his return but she too was wrecked by a cyclone off the [[Florida]] coast.<ref name="P140"/> Eventually, after several years service he achieved his mariner's qualifications and gained a job with the [[Allan Line]] as a junior officer. He then served in a variety of sailing and steam ships traveling across most of the world. In 1910, the Allan Line was taken over by the [[CP Ships|Canadian Pacific Line]] and he continued working with the company's new owners as a junior ship's officer.
-His first year of Q-ship service was frustrating for Stuart and the  crew. Although, prior to his attachment to the ship, ''Farnborough'' had succeeded in sinking an enemy submarine (the [[SM U-68|''U-68'']] in March 1916), there had been no successes since. In February 1917, Campbell decided that in order to properly invite an attack, the ''Farnborough'' would have to actually be torpedoed before combat and then engage the submarine as she closed to finish the job with shellfire.<ref name="P122"> P.122, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>  On the 17 February this theory was proven correct off Southern [[Ireland]] when the lone ''Farnborough'' was struck by a torpedo fired at extreme range. Campbell intentionally failed to evade the missile and the ship took the blow in the hold, causing some minor injuries to the crew but serious damage to the ship. The crew were well rehearsed and the "panic party" took to their boats with a great show of alarm and disorder whilst the gun crews manned positions on their hidden weapons. When four lifeboats had been released and the ship had settled in the water and was clearly sinking, the submarine [[SM U-83|''U-83'']] pulled up just ten yards (9m) from the wreck. A hail of shot was then unleashed by the ''Farnborough's'' remaining crew from their six-pounder gun and several [[machine gun]]s into the stationary submarine. The very first shot decapitated the German captain Bruno Hoppe and the U-boat was rapidly reduced to a battered wreck. Eight German sailors escaped the submarine before it sank but only two could be pulled from the water, one of whom subsequently died from his wounds.<ref name="P123"> P.123, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
-The ''Farnborough'' too was sinking from her torpedo damage. Realising this, Campbell left the men in the boats, destroyed all confidential papers and radioed for help. His unorthodox message read: "Q5 slowly sinking respectfully wishes you goodbye".<ref name="P124"> P.124, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> This message reached nearby naval shipping, and within an hour the destroyers HMS ''Narwhal'' and HMS ''Buttercup'' arrived and began to tow the stricken ship back to land. During the night a [[depth charge]] accidentally exploded on board ''Farnborough'' and the tow was dropped. Campbell ordered the twelve men remaining aboard into a lifeboat and attempted to take a final survey of his vessel, only to be driven back by another exploding depth charge. On returning to the rail he discovered that Stuart had disobeyed his order and remained on board, to make sure his captain disembarked safely.<ref name="P124"/> The tow was later reattached and the battered ''Farnborough'' beached at Mill Cove, in no fit state to return to sea.<ref name="P125"> P.125, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Campbell was awarded the Victoria Cross in recognition of his service in the action and £1,000 of [[prize money]] was shared among the crew. Stuart and Engineer-Lieutenant Len Loveless were both presented with the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=29997|supp=yes|startpage=2951|date=23 March 1917|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>
+ respectfully wishes you goodbye".<ref name="P124"> P.124, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> This message reached nearby naval shipping, and within an hour the destroyers HMS ''Narwhal'' and HMS ''Buttercup'' arrived and began to tow the stricken ship back to land. During the night a [[depth charge]] accidentally exploded on board ''Farnborough'' and the tow was dropped. Campbell ordered the twelve men remaining aboard into a lifeboat and attempted to take a final survey of his vessel, only to be driven back by another exploding depth charge. On returning to the rail he discovered that Stuart had disobeyed his order and remained on board, to make sure his captain disembarked safely.<ref name="P124"/> The tow was later reattached and the battered ''Farnborough'' beached at Mill Cove, in no fit state to return to sea.<ref name="P125"> P.125, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Campbell was awarded the Victoria Cross in recognition of his service in the action and £1,000 of [[prize money]] was shared among the crew. Stuart and Engineer-Lieutenant Len Loveless were both presented with the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=29997|supp=yes|startpage=2951|date=23 March 1917|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>
+slowly sinkingCollege]].</ref> Stuart's son commented that "He hated it [the job]. He hated Liverpool".<ref name="P140"> P.140, ''The Naval VCs'', SteEarly life==
+Ronald Niel Stuart was born in 1886 in [[Liverpool]] to Neil Stuart and Mary Harrison, both from experienced seafaring families. There is some discrepancy in the spelling of Ronald Stuart's middle name. The London Gazette and his Times obituary prefer Neil, whilst Stephen Snelling and the fam
+===HMS ''Pargust''''Farnborough'' action, the damage done to the ''Pargust'' was immense. The ship was holed close to the waterline, and its cover was almost blown when one of the twelve pounder gun ports was blasted free from its mounting; it was only the quick thinking of sailor [[William Williams (VC)|William Williams]], who took the full weight of the gun port on himself, that prevented the gun being exposed. One petty officer was killed and a number wounded.<ref name="P127"> P.127, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
+By this stage in the war,===
-===HMS ''Pargust''===
 [[Image:CharingRNStuartVC-2.jpg|right|thumb|Ronald Stuart receiving his VC from [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] outside [[Buckingham Palace]]]]
+Following the actionQ5 ily genealogy website prefer the more unorthodox Niel. Given the range of sources the latter features in, and its preference by his own family, Niel appears to be correct.</refphen Snelling </ref> In 1902, Stuart decided to leave the city and find work in a different environment. He took an apprenticeship with the shipping company Steele & Co and was sent to learn his trade on the sailing [[barque]] ''Kirkhill''.<ref name="Times"/>
-Following the action Stuart remained with Campbell and Loveless as Inspectors of Shipping, choosing those vessels they believed to be best suited to Q-ship work for naval service. After some time ashore all three returned to sea in a vessel they had personally chosen, an old, battered tramp steamer named SS ''Vittoria''. Renaming it HMS ''Pargust'', they armed their vessel with a 4" gun, two twelve pounders, two machine guns, [[torpedo tubes]] and depth charges.<ref name="P126"> P.126, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Thus armed the ''Pargust'' departed on her first patrol to the same grounds where ''U-83'' had been sunk, in the waters south of Ireland. For the first few days her duties consisted only of rescuing survivors from sunken cargo ships but with increasing German activity, an attack was expected at any moment. On the 7 June 1917, ''Pargust'' was suddenly struck by a torpedo fired at very close range from an unseen German submarine.<ref name="Soc"> P.304, ''Symbol of Courage'', Max Arthur</ref> Unlike the ''Farnborough'' action, the damage done to the ''Pargust'' was immense. The ship was holed close to the waterline, and its cover was almost blown when one of the twelve pounder gun ports was blasted free from its mounting; it was only the quick thinking of sailor [[William Williams (VC)|William Williams]], who took the full weight of the gun port on himself, that prevented the gun being exposed. One petty officer was killed and a number wounded.<ref name="P127"> P.127, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref>
-By this stage in the war, the German submarine authorities had become aware of the existence of Q-ships and Captain Ernst Rosenow of the [[SM UC-29|UC-29]] was taking no risks with his target, remaining at 400 yards (366m) distance watching the staged panicked evacuation of the ship. While the hidden gun crews watched the enemy approach the lifeboats, the officer in charge of the boats, Lieutenant Francis Hereford, realised that the submarine would follow his movements, as its commander assumed him to be the captain. Hereford therefore ordered his men to row back towards the ship, thus luring the enemy into range. This made the submarine commander believe that the ship’s crew were planning to regain their vessel and he immediately closed to just 50 yards (46m), surfaced and began angrily [[semaphore|semaphoring]] to the "survivors" in the boats. This was exactly what the gun crews had been waiting for and a volley of fire was directed at the U-boat.<ref name="P128"> P.128, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Numerous holes were blown in the [[conning tower]] and the submarine desperately attempted to flee on the surface before slowing down and heeling over, trailing oil. The gun crews then stopped firing only for the submarine to suddenly restart its engines and attempt to escape. In a final barrage of fire the submarine was hit fatally, a large explosion blowing the vessel in two. Rosenow and 22 of his crew were killed, whilst two survivors were rescued by the panic party.<ref name="P129"/>
+ Stuart remained with Campbell and Loveless as Inspectors of Shipping, choosing those vessels they believed to be best suited to Q-ship work for naval service. After some time ashore all three returned to sea in a vessel they had personally chosen, an old, battered tramp steamer named SS ''Vittoria''. Renaming it HMS ''Pargust'', they armed their vessel with a 4" gun, two twelve pounders, two machine guns, [[torpedo tubes]] and depth charges.<ref name="P126"> P.126, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Thus armed the ''Pargust'' departed on her first patrol to the same grounds where ''U-83'' had been sunk, in the waters south of Ireland. For the first few days her duties consisted only of rescuing survivors from sunken cargo ships but with increasing German activity, an attack was expected at any moment. On the 7 June 1917, ''Pargust'' was suddenly struck by a torpedo fired at very close range from an unseen German submarine.<ref name="Soc"> P.304, ''Symbol of Courage'', Max Arthur</ref> Unlike the  the German submarine would follow his movements, as its commander assumed him to be the captain. Hereford therefore ordered his men to row back towards the ship, thus luring the enemy into range. This made the submarine commander believe that the ship’s crew were planning to regain their vessel and he immediately closed to just 50 yards (46m), surfaced and began angrily [[semaphore|semaphoring]] to the "survivors" in the boats. This was exactly what the gun crews had been waiting for and a volley of fire was directed at the U-boat.<ref name="P128"> P.128, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> Numerous holes were blown in the [[conning tower]] and the submarine desperately attempted to flee on the surface before slowing down and heeling over, trailing oil. The gun crews then stopped firing only for the submarine to suddenly restart its engines and attempt to escape. In a final barrage of fire the submarine was hit fatally, a large explosion blowing the vessel in two. Rosenow and 22 of his crew were killed, whilst two survivors were rescued by the panic party.<ref name="P129"/>
-The wrecked ''Pargust'' was taken in tow by HMS ''Crocus'', [[USS Cushing (DD-55)|USS ''Cushing'']] and HMS ''Zinnia'' and reached [[Cobh|Queenstown]] barely afloat nearly two days later. The port's admiral congratulated the crew personally on their arrival. As before, the crew were awarded £1,000 prize money and several awards were promised. Unusually, the [[Admiralty]] were unable to decide who amongst the ship's crew should receive the [[Victoria Cross]] as all were deemed to have participated in the action with equal valour. It was thus decided for the first time, under article 13 of the Victoria Cross's royal warrant,<ref name="Soc"/> that one officer and one enlisted man would be granted the award following a ballot by the ship's company.<ref name="P129"> P.129, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> After the vote, from which Campbell abstained, the Victoria Crosses were awarded to Stuart and William Williams. Fourteen other crew members were awarded medals, including DSOs for Campbell and Hereford. In addition, every sailor had his participation in the action and subsequent ballot noted on his service records.<ref name="P129"/>
+The wrecked ''Pargust'' was taken in tow by HMS ''Crocus'', [[USS Cushing (DD-55)|USS ''Cushing'']] and HMS ''Zinnia'' and reached [[Cobh|Queenstown]] barely afloat nearly two days participated in the action with equal valour. It was thus decided for the first time, under article 13 of the Victoria Cross's royal warrant,<ref name="Soc"/> that one officer and one enlisted man would be granted the award following a ballot by the ship's company.<ref name="P129"> P.129, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> After the vote, from which Campbell abstained, the Victoria Crosses were awarded to Stuart and William Williams.submarine authorities had become aware of the existence of Q-ships and Captain Ernst Rosenow of the [[SM UC-29|UC-29]] was taking no risks with his target, remaining at 400 yards (366m) distance watching the staged panicked evacuation of the ship. While the hidden gun crews watched the enemy approach the lifeboats, the officer in charge of the boats, Lieutenant Francis Hereford, realised that the  Fourteen other crew members were awarded medals, including DSOs for Campbell and Hereford. In addition, every sailor had his participation in the action and subsequent ballot noted on his service records.<ref name="P129"/>
 Due to the official secrecy surrounding the activities of the Q-ships, Stuart's and Williams's Victoria Crosses were announced without fanfare or explanation of their actions; even the ''Pargust's'' name was omitted from the citation. The full account of the action was not published until after the [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)|armistice]] in November 1918.<ref name="LGC"/> Stuart was noted as the first Anglo-Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross and his obituary later stated that in the action, "his gallantry stood out".<ref name="Times"/> The medal was presented to him in a ceremony at [[Buckingham Palace]] by [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on the 23 July 1917.<ref name="Times"/>
@@ Line 89: / Line 88: @@
 </blockquote>
-The London Gazette, 20th November, 1918<ref name="LGC">{{LondonGazette|issue=31021|supp=yes|startpage=13694|date=19 November 1918|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>
+The London Gazette, 20th November, 1918<ref name="LGC">{{LondonGazette|issue=31|''U-61'']] in heavy weather.<ref name="P142"/> Along with one crewmember killed and nine wounded, the ''Cassin'' had lost her entire stern including the rudder and was in danger of siCassin (DD-43).JPG|thumb|150px|left|[[USS Cassin (DD-43)|USS ''Cassin'']].]]
+The remainder of the war was 021|supp=yes|startpage=13694|date=19 November 1918|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>
 </div>
+===HMS ''Tamarisk''/web/20070926223305/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/warships/vessel.asp?id=6036 HMS Tamarisk 1916-6-2], ''Clyde Warships'', Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref>
-===HMS ''Tamarisk''===
-[[Image:HMS Tamarisk.jpg|thumb|300px|right|HMS ''Tamarisk'' in [[Q-ship]] garb]]
-In addition to receiving the Victoria Cross, Stuart was promoted to [[lieutenant commander]] and given his own command, HMS ''Tamarisk''. ''Tamarisk'' was a small [[sloop]] built in 1916 which was capable of being disguised as a merchant vessel and used as a Q-ship, designated Q11.<ref name="Clyde">[http://web.archive.org/web/20070926223305/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/warships/vessel.asp?id=6036 HMS Tamarisk 1916-6-2], ''Clyde Warships'', Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref>
-A few months after assuming command, on 15 October 1917, Stuart was on hand to rescue the [[United States Navy]] destroyer [[USS Cassin (DD-43)|USS ''Cassin'']] after she was torpedoed by [[SM U-61|''U-61'']] in heavy weather.<ref name="P142"/> Along with one crewmember killed and nine wounded, the ''Cassin'' had lost her entire stern including the rudder and was in danger of sinking.<ref name="Cassin">[http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/c4/cassin-i.htm USS ''Cassin''], ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007 </ref> The dead crew member was [[Osmond Ingram]], who had died throwing burning munitions overboard and was later posthumously awarded the [[Medal of Honor]].<ref name="OIngram">[http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/o4/osmond_ingram.htm USS ''Osmund Ingram''], ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]]'', Retrieved 8 September 2007 </ref> Twenty miles from the Irish coast and in total darkness, the ''Tamarisk'' not only found the crippled ship but was able to come alongside in high seas and a strong [[gale]] and pass across a tow line. Twice during the night the tow broke and twice it was reconnected as the battle to save the ship continued.<ref name="P142"> P.142, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> The next morning several trawlers came to the aid of the Q-ship and together they enabled the ''Cassin'' to make port, saving the ship and her crew. Ten years after the ''Cassin's'' rescue the US Navy awarded Stuart the [[Navy Cross]] in recognition of his part in the operation; it was a rare presentation to a sailor of a foreign navy and the only occasion in which the recipient also possessed the Victoria Cross.<ref name="P142"/>
-[[Image:USS Cassin (DD-43).JPG|thumb|150px|left|[[USS Cassin (DD-43)|USS ''Cassin'']].]]
+[[Image:HMS Tamarisk.jpg|thumb|300px|right|HMS ''Tamarisk'' in [[Q-ship]] garb]]
-The remainder of the war was quiet for Stuart, achieving no further successes against submarines. Upon the armistice the full details of his Victoria Cross action were revealed and, in 1919, he was [[mentioned in despatches]] in recognition of the service he had performed during the Q-ship operations.<ref name="LGC2">{{LondonGazette|issue=31248|supp=yes|startpage=3860|date=21 March 1919|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> As further recognition of his overall efforts against the German submarine campaign, the French government presented him with the Croix de Guerre.
+In addition to receiving the Victoria Cross, Stuart was promoted to [[lieutenant commander]] and given his own command, HMS ''Tamarisk''. ''Tamarisk'' was a small [[sloop]] built in 1916 which was A few months after assuming command, on 15 October 1917, Stuart was on hand to rescue the [[United States Navy]] destroyer [[USS Cassin (DD-43)|USS ''Cassin'']] after she was torpedoed by [[SM U-61quiet for Stuart, achieving no further successes against submarines. Upon the armistice the full details of his Victoria Cross action were revealed and, in 1919, he was [[mentioned in despatches]] in recognition of the service he had performed during the Q-ship operaCaptain===
+[[Image:Government Ensign of the nking.<ref name="Cassin">[http://www., the ''Tamarisk'' not only found the crippled ship but was able to come along===capable of being disguised as a merchant vessel and used as a Q-ship, designated Q11.<ref name="Clyde">[http://web.archive.orgide in high seas and a strong [[gale]] and pass across a tow line. Twice during the night the tow broke and twice it was reconnected as the battle to save the ship continued.<ref name="P142"> P.142, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> The next morning several trawlers came to the aid of the Q-ship and together they enabled the ''Cassin'' to make port, saving the ship and her crew. Ten years after the ''Cassin's'' rescue the US Navy awarded Stuart the [[Navy Cross]] in recognition of his part in the operation; it was a rare presentation to a sailor of a foreign navy and the only occasion in which the recipient also possessed the Victoria Cross.<ref name="P142"/>
+[[Image:USS United Kingdom.svg|thumb|left|90px|Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels under t was during this period, in 1929, that he was awarded the [[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve]] (RD) in honour of his long service<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=33555|startpage=7659|date=26 November 1929|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> and in 1935 he was madetions.<ref name="LGC2">{{LondonGazette|issue=31248|supp=yes|startpage=3860|date=21 March 1919|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> As further recognition of his overall efforts against the German submarine campaign, the French government presented him with the Croix de Guerre.
 In 1919, Stuart returned to Canadian Pacific, his maritime reputation on both sides of the Atlantic greatly enhanced by his war record. In the same year he met and married his wife Evelyn, with whom he would have three sons and two daughters.<ref name="P143"/>
+==Return to the ]]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007 </ref> The dead crew member was [[Osmond Ingram]], who had died throwing burning munitions overboard and was later posthumously awarded the [[Medal of Honor]].<ref name="OIngram">[http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/o4/osmond_ingram.htm USS ''Osmund Ingram''], ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]]'', Retrieved 8 September 2007 </ref> Twenty miles from the Irish coast and in total darknesshe steam freighter SS ''Brandon'', in 1927. After a short period in charge he was again promoted and transferred, taking up the role of Staff Captain on the liner [[RMS Empress of Australia (1922)|RMS ''Empress of Australia'']].
-==Return to the Merchant Navy==
-After post-war service on a succession of merchant ships, Stuart was provided with his first merchant command, the steam freighter SS ''Brandon'', in 1927. After a short period in charge he was again promoted and transferred, taking up the role of Staff Captain on the liner [[RMS Empress of Australia (1922)|RMS ''Empress of Australia'']].
+===Ships'  a full [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Naval Reserve Captain]]. He maintained his connection with the RNR throughout his life, becoming Honorary President of the RNR Officer's Club and a part-time he command of officers in the Royal Naval Reserve.]]
-===Ships' Captain===
+Just a year later he again moved, becoming full captain on the 15,000 ton liner [[SS Minnedosa|SS ''Minnedosa'']] – an older ship which transported immigrants to Canada.<ref> Pictures of the Minnedosa [http://www.cosmoclub.net/bm/bmimages/pc88-bm.jpg] & [http://www.cosmoclub.net/bm/bmimages/pc87-bm.jpg] from the ''[http://www.cosmoclub.net/ Cosmopolitan Postcard Club]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref> Stuart was one of a number of Royal Naval Reserve officers employed by Canadian Pacific, part of a deliberate recruitment policy by the company.<ref name="t238">Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986). [http://books.google.com/books?id=OuUvlfcIGRQC&pg=PA238&vq=Robinson&dq=samuel+robinson+steamship&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=nU0lv-l0jjUHKijPAeV7H3Oq-vI#PPA238,M1  ''Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Merchant Navy==
-[[Image:Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|left|90px|Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels under the command of officers in the Royal Naval Reserve.]]
-Just a year later he again moved, becoming full captain on the 15,000 ton liner [[SS Minnedosa|SS ''Minnedosa'']] – an older ship which transported immigrants to Canada.<ref> Pictures of the Minnedosa [http://www.cosmoclub.net/bm/bmimages/pc88-bm.jpg] & [http://www.cosmoclub.net/bm/bmimages/pc87-bm.jpg] from the ''[http://www.cosmoclub.net/ Cosmopolitan Postcard Club]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref> Stuart was one of a number of Royal Naval Reserve officers employed by Canadian Pacific, part of a deliberate recruitment policy by the company.<ref name="t238">Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986). [http://books.google.com/books?id=OuUvlfcIGRQC&pg=PA238&vq=Robinson&dq=samuel+robinson+steamship&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=nU0lv-l0jjUHKijPAeV7H3Oq-vI#PPA238,M1  ''Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867-1941''], p. 238.</ref> In 1929, he was given his biggest command yet as he took over the newly completed 20,000 ton ocean liner [[SS Duchess of York|SS ''Duchess of York'']].<ref> [http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/CP3.html#anchor226352 Pictures of the SS Duchess of York], ''www.simplonpc.co.uk'', Retrieved 24 May 2007</ref> He commanded her for five years along her route from Liverpool to [[Saint John, New Brunswick]] stopping at [[Belfast]] and [[Greenock]]. He also briefly commanded her on the [[New York]] to [[Bermuda]] route.<ref name="P142"/> It was during this period, in 1929, that he was awarded the [[Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve]] (RD) in honour of his long service<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=33555|startpage=7659|date=26 November 1929|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> and in 1935 he was made a full [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Naval Reserve Captain]]. He maintained his connection with the RNR throughout his life, becoming Honorary President of the RNR Officer's Club and a part-time naval ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' to [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in 1941 – a position he held part-time throughout [[World War II]].<ref name="Times">[http://www15.pair.com/buchanan/genes/docs/rnstuart.htm Obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart], ''[[The Times]]'' Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref> A special warrant was written in 1927 which allowed him to fly the [[Blue Ensign]] from any ship, mercantile or military, which he commanded.<ref name="P142"/>
+After post-war service on a succession of merchant ships, Stuart was provided with his first merchant command, thistory.navy.mil/danfs/c4/cassin-i.htm USS ''Cassin''], ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting ShipsPacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867-1941''], p. 238.</ref> In 1929, he was given his biggest command yet as he took over the newly completed 20,000 ton ocean liner [[SS Duchess of York|SS ''Duchess of York'']].<ref> [http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/CP3.html#anchor226352 Pictures of the SS Duchess of York], ''www.simplonpc.co.uk'', Retrieved 24 May 2007</ref> He commanded her for five years along her route from Liverpool to [[Saint John, New Brunswick]] stopping at [[Belfast]] and [[Greenock]]. He also briefly commanded her on the [[New York]] to [[Bermuda]] route.<ref name="P142"/> Itnaval ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' to [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in 1941 – a position he held part-time throughout [[World War II]].<ref name="Times">[http://www15.pair.com/buchanan/genes/docs/rnstuart.htm Obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart], ''[[The Times]]'' Retrieved 23 May 2007</ref> A special warrant was written in 1927 which allowed him to fly the [[Blue Ensign]] from any ship, mercantile or military, which he commanded.<ref name="P142"/>
-In 1931, whilst he was in command of the ''Duchess of York'', his wife suddenly passed away in [[Toxteth]]. This event is said to have changed Stuart's demeanour and plunged him into a depression. He never again took time off work and left his children to the sole care and maintenance of his four maiden sisters in England.<ref name="P143"/> In 1934 he took over his last and most important sea-going role as [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore of the CPS fleet]] and was placed in command of the 42,000 ton liner [[RMS Empress of Britain (1930)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']] on her transatlantic route.
+In 1931, whilst he was in command of the ''Duchess of York'', his wife suddenly passed away in [[Toxteth]]. This event is said to have changed Stuart's demeanour and plunged him into a depression.route.
-After three years in command of this giant ship on her England to [[Quebec]] route, Stuart was given a desk job managing the company's assets in [[Montreal]]. In 1937, he was promoted to company superintendent, a role followed by the job of general manager at Canadian Pacific's London office. He retained this job for 13 years, including through the difficult experiences of [[World War II]] when London's dockyards were badly damaged by the [[London Blitz]]. Two of his sons served in the war; one in the Royal Navy and the other in the [[Royal Canadian Navy]]. Both were decorated for bravery whilst fighting in the [[Second Battle of the Atlantic]] against the resurgent German submarine fleet.<ref name="P143"> P.143, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> One was presented with the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]],<ref>Sub-Lieutenant Ronald Neil Stuart, RNR: {{LondonGazette|issue=36866|supp=yes|startpage=43|endpage=44|date=29 December 1944|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> whilst the other was [[Mentioned in Despatches]].
+After three years in command of this giant ship on her England to [[Quebec]] route, Stuart was given a desk job managing the company's assets in [[Montreal]]. In 1937, he was promoted to company superintendent, a role followed by the job of general manager at Canadian Pacific's London office. He retained this job for 13 years, including through the difficult experiences of [[Service Cross]],<ref>Sub-Lieutenant Ronald Neil Stuart, RNR: {{LondonGazette|issue=36866|supp=yes|startpage=43|endpage=44|date=29 December 1944|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> whilst the other was [[Mentioned in Despatches]].
 ===Retirement===
-Retiring in 1951, Stuart retreated to his sisters' cottage in [[Charing]], [[Kent]], and spent his days reading, walking, observing nature and visiting the cinema, where he was reportedly notorious for "jeering embarrassingly loudly at falsely heroic, sentimental or emotional passages" and shouting "Mush!" at parts of movies he did not approve.<ref name="P143"/> He died aged 67 at the cottage on 8&nbsp;February 1954 and was buried in local Charing Cemetery.<ref name="P143"/><ref name="Kent">[http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/kent.htm Grave location for holders of the Victoria Cross in the county of Kent], www.victoriacross.org.uk, Retrieved on the 23 May 2007.</ref> For many years his gravestone was in a poor state of repair, but successful attempts have been made by memorial organisations to replace it with a standard white [[Commonwealth War Grave]] headstone.<ref name="roh.com">[http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Kent/Charing.html Charing War Memorial, Kent], ''www.roll-of-honour.com'', Retrieved 23 May 2007.</ref> Following his death, 'Stuart Close' in [[Lee-on-Solent]] was named for him and his medals were collected and donated on permanent loan to the [[National Maritime Museum]], where they are on display.<ref name="NMM">[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.629/viewPage/4 The collection of Victoria Crosses in the National Maritime Museum], ''[[National Maritime Museum]]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007.</ref>
+Retiring in 1951, Stuart retreated to his sisters' cottage in [[Charing]], [[Kent]], and spent his days reading, walking, observing nature and visiting the cinema, where he was reportedly notorious for "jeering embarrassingly loudly at falsely heroic, sentimental or emotional passages" and shouting "Mush!" at parts of movies he did not approve.<ref name="P143"/> He died aged 67 at the cottage on 8&nbsp;February 1954 and was buried in local Charing Cemetery.<ref name="P143"/><ref name="Kent">[http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/kent.htm Grave location for holders of the Victoria Cross in the county of Kent], www.victoriacross.org.uk, Retrieved on the 23 May 2007.</ref> For many years his gravestone was in a poor state of repair, but successful attempts have been made by memorial organisations to replace it with a standard white [[Commonwealth War Grave]] headstone.<ref name="roh.com">[http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Kent/ He never again took time off work and left his children to the sole care and maintenance of his four maiden sisters in England.<ref name="P143"/> In 1934 he took over his last and most important sea-going role as [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore of the CPS fleet]] and was placed in command of the 42,000 ton liner [[RMS Empress of Britain (1930)|RMS ''Empress of Britain'']] on her transatlantic haring.html Charing War Memorial, Kent], ''www.roll-of-honour.com'', Retrieved 23 May 2007.</ref> Following his death, 'Stuart Close' in [[Lee-on-Solent]] was named for him and his medals were collected and donated on permanent loan to the [[National Maritime Museum]], where they are on display.<ref name="NMM">[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.629/viewPage/4 The collection of Victoria Crosses in the National Maritime Museum], ''[[National Maritime Museum]]'', Retrieved 23 May 2007.</ref>
 ==Notes==
 {{reflist|2}}
+==resurgent German submarine fleet.<ref name="P143"> P.143, ''The Naval VCs'', Stephen Snelling </ref> One was presented with the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished
-==References==
-*{{cite book |
-   author= |
-   title=[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]] |
-   year=1997 |
    publisher=This England Books|
    id=ISBN 0-906324-27-0}}
@@ Line 141: / Line 136: @@
 * Murphy, James. (2008). [http://books.google.com/books?id=U-g_KwAACAAJ&dq=Liverpool+VCs+by+james+murphy&client=firefox-a  ''Liverpool VCs.''] Barnsley, England: [[Pen and Sword Books]]. 10-ISBN 1-844-15780-6; 13-ISBN 978-1-844-15780-8
 *{{cite book |
-   author=Snelling, Stephen |
+   author=Snelling, links==
+*{{cite web | url=htMemorial, Kent, transcribed by David Hughes and Neil Clark
-   title=[[VCs of the First World War: The Naval VCs]] |
+{{featured article}}
+<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
+Stephen |
+   ==
+*{{cite book |
+   author= |
+   title=[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]] |
+   year=1997 |World War II]] when London's dockyards were badly damaged by the [[London Blitz]]. Two of his sons served in the war; one in the Royal Navy and the other in the [[Royal Canadian Navy]]. Both were decorated for bravery whilst fighting in the [[Second Battle of the Atlantic]] againsttitle=[[VCs of the First World War: The Naval VCs]] |
    year=2002|
    publisher=Sutton Publishing|
    id=ISBN 0-750913-95-9}}
 *{{cite web
-| title = Neil Stuart-Mary Harrison Banks
+| title = Neil SReferences the tuart-Mary Harrison Banks
 | work  = Stuart Family Genealogy
 | url   = http://www15.pair.com/buchanan/genes/gsheets/stununk.htm
 | accessdate = 2007-06-07}}
-==External links==
+==External {{Persondata
-*{{cite web | url=http://www15.pair.com/buchanan/genes/docs/rnstuart.htm | title=The Times obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart | publisher=Craig Buchanan | accessate=2008-11-10}}
-*{{cite web | url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Kent/Charing.html | title= Roll of Honour - Kent - Charing |  publisher=www.rollofhonour.com | accessdate=2008-11-10 | date=2004}} Charing War Memorial, Kent, transcribed by David Hughes and Neil Clark
-{{featured article}}
-<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
-{{Persondata
 |NAME=Stuart, Ronald Niel
 |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
+tp://www15.pair.com/buchanan/genes/docs/rnstuart.htm | title=The Times obituary for Captain Ronald Neil Stuart | publisher=Craig Buchanan | accessate=2008-11-10}}
-|SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[First World War]] [[Victoria Cross]] recipient and senior [[British Merchant Navy]] officer
+*{{cite web | url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Kent/Charing.html | title= Roll of Honour - Kent - Charing |  publisher=www.rollofhonour.com | accessdate=2008-11-10 | date=2004}} Charing War |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[First World War]] [[Victoria Cross]] recipient and senior [[British Merchant Navy]] officer
 |DATE OF BIRTH=28 August 1886
 |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Toxteth]], [[Liverpool]]