Robert C. Hill

Robert Charles Hill
United States Ambassador to Costa Rica
In office 4 November 1953 – 10 September 1954
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Philip B. Fleming
Succeeded by	Robert F. Woodward
United States Ambassador to El Salvador
In office 4 November 1954 – 21 September 1955
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Michael J. McDermott
Succeeded by	Thomas C. Mann
United States Ambassador to Mexico
In office 25 July 1957 – 1 December 1960
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Francis White
Succeeded by	Thomas C. Mann
United States Ambassador to Spain
In office 12 June 1969 – 12 January 1972
President	Richard Nixon
Preceded by	Robert F. Wagner Jr.
Succeeded by	Horacio Rivero
United States Ambassador to Argentina
In office 15 February 1974 – 10 May 1977
President	Richard Nixon
Preceded by	John Davis Lodge
Succeeded by	Raúl H. Castro
5th Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs
In office March 9, 1956 – June 26, 1957
Preceded by	Thruston Ballard Morton
Succeeded by	William B. Macomber Jr.
Personal details
Born	(1917-09-30)30 September 1917 Littleton, New Hampshire
Died	28 November 1978(1978-11-28) (aged 61) Littleton, New Hampshire
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Taft School 1938; Dartmouth College; Boston University

Robert Charles Hill (30 September 1917 – 28 November 1978) was an American diplomat.

Education

He was born in Littleton, New Hampshire. He attended Dartmouth College in the class of 1942. In 1947, he was a member of staff on the Senate Banking Committee.

Ambassador

He served as U.S. ambassador to several Latin American countries—El Salvador, Costa Rica and Mexico—and to Spain throughout his career. In 1961–1962, he was elected to the New Hampshire General Court. His last posting was in Argentina in the late 1970s, a period of great unrest in that country. He was also Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations under President Eisenhower and Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs under President Nixon.

Argentinian controversy

Human rights advocacy

In Argentina, the five-time conservative Republican ambassadorial appointee became best known for his efforts to keep the Argentina military junta that took power in March 1976 from engaging in massive human rights violations like those of Captain General Augusto Pinochet in neighboring Chile following his September 1973 coup. Upon finding out that U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had given the Argentine generals a "green light" for their own so-called "dirty war" in June 1976 while at an Organization of American States meeting in Santiago (at the Hotel Carrera, a place later made famous in the film Missing), Hill immediately engaged in behind-the-scenes efforts to roll back the Kissinger decision. Hill did this although Kissinger aides told him that, if he continued, the Secretary of State would likely have him fired, and even as left-wing Argentine guerrillas attempted to assassinate both the U.S. envoy and members of his family living in Buenos Aires. Hill's role as ambassador to Argentina again became prominent in 2016, when President Barack Obama traveled to that country to mark the 40th anniversary of the dirty "war" generals' supposedly bloodless coup.

Disagreement with Kissinger

As an article published in The Nation in October 1987 noted: "'Hill was shaken, he became very disturbed, by the case of the son of a thirty-year embassy employee, a student who was arrested, never to be seen again,' recalled former New York Times reporter Juan de Onis. 'Hill took a personal interest.' He went to the Interior Minister, a general with whom he had worked on drug cases, saying, 'Hey, what about this? We're interested in this case.' He questioned (Foreign Minister Cesar) Guzzetti and, finally, President Jorge R. Videla himself. 'All he got was stonewalling; he got nowhere.' de Onis said. 'His last year was marked by increasing disillusionment and dismay, and he backed his staff on human rights right to the hilt."

In a letter to The Nation editor Victor Navasky, protesting publication of the article, Kissinger claimed that: "At any rate, the notion of Hill as a passionate human rights advocate is news to all his former associates."

Kissinger aide Harry W. Shlaudeman later disagreed with Kissinger, telling the oral historian William E. Knight of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project: "It really came to a head when I was Assistant Secretary, or it began to come to a head, in the case of Argentina where the dirty war was in full flower. Bob Hill, who was Ambassador then in Buenos Aires, a very conservative Republican politician -- by no means liberal or anything of the kind, began to report quite effectively about what was going on, this slaughter of innocent civilians, supposedly innocent civilians -- this vicious war that they were conducting, underground war. He, at one time in fact, sent me a back-channel telegram saying that the Foreign Minister, who had just come for a visit to Washington and had returned to Buenos Aires, had gloated to him that Kissinger had said nothing to him about human rights. I don't know -- I wasn't present at the interview."

Navasky later wrote in his book about being confronted by Kissinger, "'Tell me, Mr. Navasky,' [Kissinger] said in his famous guttural tones, 'how is it that a short article in a obscure journal such as yours about a conversation that was supposed to have taken place years ago about something that did or didn't happen in Argentina resulted in sixty people holding placards denouncing me a few months ago at the airport when I got off the plane in Copenhagen?'"

Personal life

On 1 December 1945, Hill married Cecelia Gordon Bowdoin, who later became known as an accomplished mid-Atlantic tennis champion, duplicate bridge player, and an excellent horse woman. She died on Palm Sunday, 1 April 2012.

Hill's papers are held at Dartmouth College.

External links

• Office of the Historian. "Robert Charles Hill (1917–1978)". Department of State.
• 2004 Story in The Guardian regarding Hill's disgust with human rights abuses by Argentinian generals, published by Uki Goñi but without appropriate credit 17 years after an article by Martin Edwin Andersen, "Kissinger and the 'Dirty War,'" appeared in The Nation on 31 October 1987 [1] that broke the story about Hill fighting behind closed doors against Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's "green light" to the neo-Nazi junta for their "dirty war."
• How Much Did the US Know About the Kidnapping, Torture, and Murder of Over 20,000 People in Argentina? Now, President Obama has the chance to apologize for American complicity in the dirty war. Martin Edwin Andersen, The Nation, 4 March 2016.
• Kissinger-responds 19 February 1988 letter from Kissinger to Victor Navasky, Editor of The Nation, protesting publication of a Memorandum of Conversation between Ambassador Hill and Patricia "Patt" Derian, the senior State Department official who spearheaded President Jimmy Carter's human rights revolution in U.S. foreign policy.
• 2004 Christopher Hitchens, " Kissinger Declassified," Vanity Fair, December 2004
• David Corn, "New Memo: Kissinger Gave the 'Green Light' for Argentina's Dirty War," Mother Jones, 14 January 2014
• The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project: Ambassador Harry W. Shlaudeman
• The Political Graveyard: Robert Charles Hill
• Register of the Robert Charles Hill Papers and selected documents online at the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
• The Papers of Roger C. Hill at Dartmouth College Library