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Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949

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Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
Convention concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively
Signed1 July 1949
LocationGeneva
Effective19 July 1951
Condition2 ratifications
Parties168[1][2]
DepositaryDirector-General of the International Labour Office
LanguagesFrench and English

The Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (1949) No 98 is an International Labour Organization Convention. It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions.[3]

Its counterpart on the general principle of freedom of association is the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (1949) No 87.

Content

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The Preamble of Convention 98 notes its adoption on 1 July 1949. After this the Convention covers, first, the rights of union members to organise independently, without interference by employers in article 1 to 3. Second, articles 4 to 6 require the positive creation of rights to collective bargaining, and that each member state's law promotes it.

Rights to organise

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Article 1 states that workers must be protected against discrimination for joining a union, particularly conditions of employers to not join a union, dismissal or any other prejudice for having union membership or engaging in union activities. Article 2 requires that both workers and employers' organisations (i.e. trade unions and business confederations) should not be interfered in their own establishment, functioning or administration. Article 2(2) prohibits, in particular, unions being dominated by employers through "financial or other means" (such as a union being given funding by an employer, or the employer influencing who the officials are). Article 3 requires each ILO member give effect to articles 1 and 2 through appropriate machinery, such as a government watchdog.

Article 1
1. Workers shall enjoy adequate protection against acts of anti-union discrimination in respect of their employment.
2. Such protection shall apply more particularly in respect of acts calculated to--
(a) make the employment of a worker subject to the condition that he shall not join a union or shall relinquish trade union membership;
(b) cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a worker by reason of union membership or because of participation in union activities outside working hours or, with the consent of the employer, within working hours.
Article 2
1. Workers' and employers' organisations shall enjoy adequate protection against any acts of interference by each other or each other's agents or members in their establishment, functioning or administration.
2. In particular, acts which are designed to promote the establishment of workers' organisations under the domination of employers or employers' organisations, or to support workers' organisations by financial or other means, with the object of placing such organisations under the control of employers or employers' organisations, shall be deemed to constitute acts of interference within the meaning of this Article.
Article 3
Machinery appropriate to national conditions shall be established, where necessary, for the purpose of ensuring respect for the right to organise as defined in the preceding Articles.

Rights to collective bargaining

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Article 4 goes on to collective bargaining. It requires that the law promotes "the full development and utilisation of machinery for voluntary negotiation" between worker organisations and employer groups to regulation employment "by means of collective agreements." Article 5 states that national law can provide different laws for the police and armed forces, and the Convention does not affect laws that existed when an ILO member ratifies the Convention. Article 6 further gives an exemption for "the position of public servants engaged in the administration of the State".

Article 4
Measures appropriate to national conditions shall be taken, where necessary, to encourage and promote the full development and utilisation of machinery for voluntary negotiation between employers or employers' organisations and workers' organisations, with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by means of collective agreements.
Article 5
1. The extent to which the guarantees provided for in this Convention shall apply to the armed forces and the police shall be determined by national laws or regulations.
2. In accordance with the principle set forth in paragraph 8 of Article 19 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation the ratification of this Convention by any Member shall not be deemed to affect any existing law, award, custom or agreement in virtue of which members of the armed forces or the police enjoy any right guaranteed by this Convention.
Article 6
This Convention does not deal with the position of public servants engaged in the administration of the State, nor shall it be construed as prejudicing their rights or status in any way.

Administrative provisions

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Article 7 says ratifications should be communicated to the ILO Director General. Article 8 says the Convention is only binding on those who have ratified it, although the 1998 Declaration means that this is no longer entirely true: the Convention is binding as a fact of membership in the ILO. Articles 9 and 10 deal with specific territories where the Convention may be applied or modified. Article 11 concerns denunciation of the Convention, although again, because of the 1998 Declaration, it is no longer possible for an ILO member to profess they are not bound by the Convention: it is an essential principle of international law. Article 12 states the Director General shall keep all members notified of which countries have adhered to the Conventions. Article 13 states this shall be communicated to the United Nations. Article 14 states the ILO Governing Body shall produce reports on the working of the Convention. Article 15 deals with revisions to the Convention (none have taken place yet), and article 16 states that the English and French versions are equally authoritative.

Ratifications

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Ratifications of the convention

The following countries have ratified ILO Convention 98:

Country Date Notes
 Albania 3 June 1957
 Algeria 19 November 1962
 Angola 4 June 1976
 Antigua and Barbuda 2 February 1983
 Argentina 24 September 1956
 Armenia 12 November 2003
 Australia 28 February 1973
 Austria 10 November 1951
 Azerbaijan 19 May 1992
 Bahamas 25 May 1976
 Bangladesh 22 June 1972
 Barbados 8 May 1967
 Belarus 6 November 1956 ratified as the Byelorussian SSR
 Belgium 10 December 1953
 Belize 15 December 1983
 Benin 16 May 1968
 Bolivia 15 November 1973
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 June 1993
 Botswana 22 December 1997
 Brazil 18 November 1952
 Bulgaria 8 June 1959
 Burkina Faso 16 April 1962
 Burundi 10 October 1997
 Cabo Verde 3 April 1979
 Cambodia 23 August 1999
 Cameroon 3 September 1962
 Canada 14 June 2017 In force starting 14 June 2018[4]
 Central African Republic 9 June 1964
 Chad 8 June 1961
 Chile 1 February 1999
 Colombia 16 November 1976
 Comoros 23 October 1978
 Congo 26 November 1999
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 16 June 1969
 Costa Rica 2 June 1960
 Côte d'Ivoire 5 May 1961
 Croatia 8 October 1991
 Cuba 29 April 1952
 Cyprus 24 May 1966
 Czech Republic 1 January 1993
 Denmark 15 August 1955
 Djibouti 3 August 1978
 Dominica 28 February 1983
 Dominican Republic 22 September 1953
 Ecuador 28 May 1959
 Egypt 3 July 1954
 Equatorial Guinea 13 August 2001
 Eritrea 22 February 2000
 Estonia 22 March 1994
 Ethiopia 4 June 1963
 Fiji 19 April 1974
 Finland 22 December 1951
 France 26 October 1951
 Gabon 29 May 1951
 Gambia 4 September 2000
 Georgia (country) 22 June 1993
 Germany 8 June 1956
 Ghana 2 July 1959
 Greece 30 March 1962
 Grenada 9 July 1979
 Guatemala 13 February 1952
 Guinea-Bissau 21 February 1977
 Guinea 26 March 1959
 Guyana 8 June 1966
 Haiti 12 April 1957
 Honduras 27 June 1956
 Hungary 6 June 1957
 Iceland 15 July 1952
 Indonesia 15 July 1957
 Iraq 27 November 1962
 Ireland 4 June 1955
 Israel 28 January 1957
 Italy 13 May 1958
 Jamaica 26 December 1962
 Japan 20 October 1953
 Jordan 12 December 1968
 Kazakhstan 18 May 2001
 Kenya 13 January 1964
 Kiribati 3 February 2000
 Kuwait 9 August 2007
 Kyrgyzstan 31 March 1992
 Latvia 27 January 1992
 Lebanon 1 June 1977
 Lesotho 31 October 1966
 Liberia 25 May 1962
 Libya 20 June 1962
 Lithuania 26 September 1994
 Luxembourg 3 March 1958
 Republic of Macedonia 17 November 1991
 Madagascar 3 June 1998
 Malawi 22 March 1965
 Malaysia 5 June 1961
 Maldives 4 January 2013
 Mali 2 March 1964
 Malta 4 January 1965
 Mauritania 3 December 2001
 Mauritius 2 December 1969
 Republic of Moldova 12 August 1996
 Mongolia 3 June 1969
 Montenegro 3 June 2006
 Morocco 20 May 1957
 Mozambique 23 December 1996
 Namibia 3 January 1995
   Nepal 11 November 1996
 Netherlands 22 December 1993 Ratification excludes Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands.
 New Zealand 9 June 2003
 Nicaragua 31 October 1967
 Niger 23 March 1962
 Nigeria 17 October 1960
 Norway 17 February 1955
 Pakistan 26 May 1952
 Panama 16 May 1966
 Papua New Guinea 1 May 1976
 Paraguay 21 March 1966
 Peru 13 March 1964
 Philippines 12 December 1953
 Poland 25 February 1957
 Portugal 1 July 1964
 Romania 26 November 1958
 Russian Federation 10 August 1956 ratified as the Soviet Union
 Rwanda 11 August 1988
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 September 2000
 Saint Lucia 14 May 1980
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21 October 1998
 Samoa 30 June 2008
 San Marino 19 December 1986
 São Tomé and Príncipe 17 June 1992
 Senegal 28 July 1961
 Serbia 24 November 2000 ratified as Serbia and Montenegro
 Seychelles 4 October 1999
 Sierra Leone 13 June 1961
 Singapore 25 October 1965
 Slovakia 1 January 1993
 Slovenia 29 May 1992
 Solomon Islands 13 April 2012
 Somalia 22 March 2014
 South Africa 19 February 1996
 South Sudan 29 April 2012
 Spain 20 April 1977
 Sri Lanka 13 December 1972
 Sudan 18 June 1957
 Suriname 5 June 1996
 Swaziland 26 April 1978
 Sweden 18 July 1950
  Switzerland 17 August 1999
 Syria 7 June 1957
 Tajikistan 26 November 1993
 Tanzania 30 January 1962 ratified as Tanganyika
 Timor Leste 16 June 2009
 Togo 8 November 1983
 Trinidad and Tobago 24 May 1963
 Tunisia 15 May 1957
 Turkey 23 January 1952
 Turkmenistan 15 May 1997
 Uganda 4 June 1963
 Ukraine 14 September 1956 ratified as the Ukrainian SSR
 United Kingdom 30 June 1950
 Uruguay 18 March 1954
 Uzbekistan 13 July 1992
 Vanuatu 28 August 2006
 Venezuela 19 December 1968
 Vietnam 5 July 2019
 Yemen 14 April 1969 ratified as South Yemen
 Zambia 2 September 1996
 Zimbabwe 27 August 1998

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Ratifications". International Labour Organization. 26 April 2013.
  2. ^ "SOMALIA: PM signs three core International Labour Organization conventions". Raxanreeb. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  3. ^ "Conventions and ratifications". International Labour Organization. 27 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Canada ratifies the Collective Bargaining Convention". 14 June 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
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