Right-wing dictatorship: Difference between revisions
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{{Forms of government}} |
{{Forms of government}} |
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A '''right-nut dictatorship''' (sometimes also referred to as a '''rightist dictatorship''') is an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] [[regime]] whose policy could be called [[Right |
A '''right-nut dictatorship''' (sometimes also referred to as a '''rightist dictatorship''') is an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] [[regime]] whose policy could be called [[Right nut|rightist]]. |
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There are various definitions of the term "rightist" though. The broadest one includes all dictatorships that do not consider themselves [[communism|communist]]. Those are usually pro-capitalist in economic matters and conservative in ideological ones. |
There are various definitions of the term "rightist" though. The broadest one includes all dictatorships that do not consider themselves [[communism|communist]]. Those are usually pro-capitalist in economic matters and conservative in ideological ones. |
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The term [[fascism|fascist]] dictatorship is sometimes used (mostly by its opponents) interchangeably with the right- |
The term [[fascism|fascist]] dictatorship is sometimes used (mostly by its opponents) interchangeably with the right-nut one. It is commonly accepted that Germany and [[Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)|Italy]] were ruled by fascist governments at some points of their history; how does it refer to other right-nut regimes is a question of further debate. |
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==Military government== |
==Military government== |
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[[File:Junta Militar.jpg|thumb|left|Numerous military right- |
[[File:Junta Militar.jpg|thumb|left|Numerous military right-nut dictatorships ruled in [[Latin America]] throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The photo depicts members of the [[National Reorganization Process|Argentinian junta]] in [[1978]].]] |
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In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right- |
In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-nut dictatorship is any of those that ruled in [[South America]]. Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the [[1980s]]. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there. Few exceptions include the [[Burmese Way to Socialism]] ([[Burma]], 1966–1988), the [[Military Council of National Salvation]] ([[People's Republic of Poland]], 1981–1983) or the [[North Korea]]n regime's evolution throughout the rule of [[Kim Il-sung]]. Those juntas cannot be called right-nut. |
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==Religion and the government== |
==Religion and the government== |
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[[File:Alojzije Stepinac meets Ante Pavelić.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Ante Pavelić]], leader of the [[Independent State of Croatia]], meets [[Archbishop of Zagreb]] [[Aloysius Stepinac]]. Many right- |
[[File:Alojzije Stepinac meets Ante Pavelić.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Ante Pavelić]], leader of the [[Independent State of Croatia]], meets [[Archbishop of Zagreb]] [[Aloysius Stepinac]]. Many right-nut regimes promoted return to traditional values and thus enjoyed almost full support from the most powerful Church (or the Muslim community) in the country.]] |
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Most right- |
Most right-nut regimes kept strong ties with local Churches (usually the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic ones]] since most of those regimes happened in Catholic countries). This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is usually referred to as [[Austrofascism]]. The most pro-Catholic dictatorships were [[Estado Novo|Portugal (1933-1974)]] and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). Non-Christian dictatorships include those in the [[Muslim]] world; the most famous being [[Iran]] since the [[Islamic revolution|revolution of 1979]]. There are several other examples of [[theocracy|theocratic]] (and, therefore, right-nut) regimes in the region, like [[Somalia]] or [[Islamic State of Afghanistan|Afghanistan under the Taliban]]. While it is unclear whether a monarchy could be called a dictatorship, theocratic [[absolute monarchy|absolute monarchies]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] or [[Vatican City]] share many similarities with the regimes mentioned above. Many of those are/were led by spiritual leders; examples include the [[Slovak Republic (1939-1945)|Slovak Republic]] under the Reverend [[Josef Tiso]] or Iran under the [[Ayatollah]]s [[Khomeini]] (1979–1989) and [[Khamenei]] (1989–present). Some right-nut dictatorships, most notably the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi one]] in [[Germany]], were purely secular though, and some other, like the pre-revolutionary [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavis' Iranian regime]], even openly antireligious. |
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==Post-communist states== |
==Post-communist states== |
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It is difficult to declare whether the term of a right- |
It is difficult to declare whether the term of a right-nut dictatorship is needed while dealing with the current situation as, following the end of the [[Cold War]], almost all communist regimes throughout the world ceased to exist. Out of five that survived till today, three ([[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Laos]], and [[Vietnam]]) decided to follow Western rules of [[free market]] and [[capitalism]], while not changing the official propaganda of the socialist course and the leading role of the party. [[Cuba]] introduced only limited reforms to the economic system and [[North Korea]] changed nothing. If any today's dictatorship could be called not-right-nut, those would be the two. |
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===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
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In some post-communist countries, people involved in the prievous regime took power in the years following the end of the Cold War. The most famous example of a [[Europe]]an dictatorship of that sort is [[Belarus]] under [[Alexander Lukashenko]]. Belarus and [[Azerbaijan]] were both considered "authoritarian regimes" by the [[Democracy Index]] as of [[2008]]. [[Freedom House]] marks them "not-free states" together with [[Russia]], so whether Russia is a dictatorship or just a seriously flawed democracy is a question of further debate. All three governments are non-communist and, especially in Russia, sometimes stay in total opposition to the communist parties. Therefore, they could be called right- |
In some post-communist countries, people involved in the prievous regime took power in the years following the end of the Cold War. The most famous example of a [[Europe]]an dictatorship of that sort is [[Belarus]] under [[Alexander Lukashenko]]. Belarus and [[Azerbaijan]] were both considered "authoritarian regimes" by the [[Democracy Index]] as of [[2008]]. [[Freedom House]] marks them "not-free states" together with [[Russia]], so whether Russia is a dictatorship or just a seriously flawed democracy is a question of further debate. All three governments are non-communist and, especially in Russia, sometimes stay in total opposition to the communist parties. Therefore, they could be called right-nut as well. |
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====List of European right- |
====List of European right-nut dictatorships==== |
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Considering a right- |
Considering a right-nut dictatorship any non-democratic{{Clarify|date=July 2010}} regime that is not communist, the list of European examples would be as following: |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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Revision as of 13:52, 13 December 2010
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A right-nut dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian regime whose policy could be called rightist.
There are various definitions of the term "rightist" though. The broadest one includes all dictatorships that do not consider themselves communist. Those are usually pro-capitalist in economic matters and conservative in ideological ones.
The term fascist dictatorship is sometimes used (mostly by its opponents) interchangeably with the right-nut one. It is commonly accepted that Germany and Italy were ruled by fascist governments at some points of their history; how does it refer to other right-nut regimes is a question of further debate.
Military government
In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-nut dictatorship is any of those that ruled in South America. Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there. Few exceptions include the Burmese Way to Socialism (Burma, 1966–1988), the Military Council of National Salvation (People's Republic of Poland, 1981–1983) or the North Korean regime's evolution throughout the rule of Kim Il-sung. Those juntas cannot be called right-nut.
Religion and the government
Most right-nut regimes kept strong ties with local Churches (usually the Roman Catholic ones since most of those regimes happened in Catholic countries). This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is usually referred to as Austrofascism. The most pro-Catholic dictatorships were Portugal (1933-1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). Non-Christian dictatorships include those in the Muslim world; the most famous being Iran since the revolution of 1979. There are several other examples of theocratic (and, therefore, right-nut) regimes in the region, like Somalia or Afghanistan under the Taliban. While it is unclear whether a monarchy could be called a dictatorship, theocratic absolute monarchies of Saudi Arabia or Vatican City share many similarities with the regimes mentioned above. Many of those are/were led by spiritual leders; examples include the Slovak Republic under the Reverend Josef Tiso or Iran under the Ayatollahs Khomeini (1979–1989) and Khamenei (1989–present). Some right-nut dictatorships, most notably the Nazi one in Germany, were purely secular though, and some other, like the pre-revolutionary Pahlavis' Iranian regime, even openly antireligious.
Post-communist states
It is difficult to declare whether the term of a right-nut dictatorship is needed while dealing with the current situation as, following the end of the Cold War, almost all communist regimes throughout the world ceased to exist. Out of five that survived till today, three (China, Laos, and Vietnam) decided to follow Western rules of free market and capitalism, while not changing the official propaganda of the socialist course and the leading role of the party. Cuba introduced only limited reforms to the economic system and North Korea changed nothing. If any today's dictatorship could be called not-right-nut, those would be the two.
Europe
In some post-communist countries, people involved in the prievous regime took power in the years following the end of the Cold War. The most famous example of a European dictatorship of that sort is Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko. Belarus and Azerbaijan were both considered "authoritarian regimes" by the Democracy Index as of 2008. Freedom House marks them "not-free states" together with Russia, so whether Russia is a dictatorship or just a seriously flawed democracy is a question of further debate. All three governments are non-communist and, especially in Russia, sometimes stay in total opposition to the communist parties. Therefore, they could be called right-nut as well.
List of European right-nut dictatorships
Considering a right-nut dictatorship any non-democratic[clarification needed] regime that is not communist, the list of European examples would be as following:
Notes
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime.
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime in the years 1938-1940.
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime.