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Republican Party of Georgia

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This article is about the political party in the country of Georgia. For the political party in the U.S. state, see Georgia Republican Party.
Republican Party of Georgia
საქართველოს რესპუბლიკური პარტია
ChairpersonKhatuna Samnidze
FoundedMay 21, 1978
HeadquartersTbilisi
Youth wingYoung Republicans[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[2][4]
National affiliationUnited National Council
(2007–2008)
Georgian Dream
(2012–2016)
Strength Is in Unity
(2020–2021)
Coalition for Change (since 2024)
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (affiliate)[5]
International affiliationLiberal International[3]
Colors  Orange and   Blue
Seats in Parliament
1 / 150
Party flag
Website
http://www.republicans.ge/

The Republican Party of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს რესპუბლიკური პარტია, romanized: sakartvelos resp'ublik'uri p'art'ia), commonly known as the Republicans (რესპუბლიკელები, resp'ublik'elebi), is a political party in Georgia active since 1978. Until March 2016, the party was a part of the Georgian Dream coalition that won the 2012 election, defeating the United National Movement. Currently it is in opposition to Georgian Dream as part of the UNM-led Strength Is in Unity coalition.

The party was not represented in the Parliament of Georgia elected in the Georgian legislative elections of 2008, and only maintained its representation in Tbilisi City Assembly and Adjara's Supreme Council. The current chairperson is Khatuna Samnidze, elected in November 2013. The party's declared platform includes the reforms of local self-governance, economy and a free and independent judiciary system. It supports Georgia's pro-Western line and bids to join the NATO and European Union.[6]

History

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The Republican Party of Georgia emerged as an underground political organization in then-Soviet Georgia on May 21, 1978, and campaigned for an independent Georgia, human rights and free market economy. However, the party's leading members were arrested by the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) between 1983 and 1984 and imprisoned on charges of "anti-Soviet campaign and propaganda." In Georgia's first multi-party elections on October 28, 1990, the Republicans won three seats in the Supreme Council of Georgia and joined the Democratic Center faction which was in opposition to the Round Table-Free Georgia majority and its leader Zviad Gamsakhurdia. In June 1991, the party garnered 20% of votes in Georgia's southwestern autonomous republic of Adjara where they turned into a major opposition to Aslan Abashidze's increasingly authoritarian regime. After Gamsakhurdia's fall in a coup in January 1992, the Republicans were represented in a provisional State Council of Georgia, and formed a 10-member opposition faction in the Parliament of Georgia elected on October 11, 1992, but failed to obtain any seat in the next two parliamentary elections on 1995 and 1999, respectively. Yet, many members of the party remained energetically engaged in civil society and criticized Eduard Shevardnadze's increasingly unpopular government.[7]

In 2002, the party forged an alliance with Mikheil Saakashvili's United National Movement (UNM) and shared its success in the 2002 local and 2003 parliamentary elections. The party was instrumental in the 2003 Rose Revolution which forced Shevardnadze into resignation, and played a prominent role in Aslan Abashidze's removal during the 2004 Adjara crisis. The Republicans ran independently in the Adjarian legislative election in June 2004, but managed to secure only three seats in Adjara's 30-member Supreme Council. The party accused the UNM of having rigged the election and the dispute resulted in the final split between the former allies.[8] In 2005, the Republican members of Georgia's parliament united with the Conservative Party of Georgia and a few non-partisan MPs into the opposition Democratic Front faction led by Davit Berdzenishvili, the party's veteran member.[7]

The Republicans were in moderate opposition to Saakashvili's administration until 2012. They joined other opposition parties in the 2007 anti-government demonstrations and supported the joint opposition candidate, Levan Gachechiladze, in the early 2008 presidential election.[7]

After the political setback suffered in the 2008 parliamentary elections, the Republican Party of Georgia forged an alliance with the New Rights Party on December 8, 2008.[9] Both parties united in "The Alliance for Georgia" led by Irakli Alasania, Georgia's ex-envoy to the United Nations in February 2009.[10]

On July 8, 2009, the 13th National Congress of the Republican Party of Georgia was held. The congress adopted a new version of the party statutes. In addition, 35 members of the National Committee and five members of the Inspection Commission were elected on a competitive basis. David Usupashvili was elected as the chairman of the party at the congress.

In 2012, it joined the Georgian Dream coalition that won the election against the incumbent government of the United National Movement. The then-party chairman Davit Usupashvili became the Speaker of the Parliament, whilst another representative of the Republican party, Paata Zakareishvili, was appointed as the Minister of Reintegration in the new Georgian government.

In March 2016, the party left the coalition and announced that they were preparing for the 2016 parliamentary elections separately.[11][12] In the following election, the Republican Party failed to pass the five percent threshold and became extra-parliamentary. In the 2020 parliamentary elections, the party joined the UNM-led electoral coalition Strength Is in Unity and won two seats in Parliament.

Electoral performance

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Parliamentary election

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Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government Coalition
1990 Vakhtang Dzabiradze 40,769 1.76
3 / 250
 New 7th Opposition Democratic Georgia
1992 Vakhtang Dzabiradze 277,496 12.06
7 / 235
 Increase 4 2nd Opposition 11 October Bloc
1995 Vakhtang Dzabiradze 35,051 1.75
1 / 235
 Decrease 6 17th Opposition Independent
1999 Ivliane Khaindrava 95,039 4.74
0 / 235
 Decrease 1 5th Extra-parliamentary National Democratic Alliance
2004 Davit Berdzenishvili 992,275 67.75
5 / 150
 Increase 5 1st Government National Movement−Democrats
2008 Davit Usupashvili 67,037 3.78
2 / 150
 Decrease 3 5th Opposition Independent
2012 Davit Usupashvili 1,181,862 54.97
9 / 150
 Increase 7 1st Government Georgian Dream
2016 Davit Usupashvili 27,264 1.55
0 / 150
 Decrease 9 8th Extra-parliamentary Independent
2020 Khatuna Samnidze 523,127 27.18
2 / 150
 Increase 2 2nd Opposition Strength Is in Unity
2024 Khatuna Samnidze 229,161 11.03
1 / 150
 Decrease 1 2nd Opposition Coalition for Change

Local election

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Election Votes % Seats +/–
2017 11,121 0.74
0 / 2,043
 New

References

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  1. ^ Young Republicans Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b Nodia, Ghia; Pinto Scholtbach, Álvaro (2006), The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects, Eburon, p. 123
  3. ^ a b c "Parties, Parliaments and Polling Averages: Georgia". Europe Elects.
  4. ^ a b c Dr. Maia Urushadze; Dr. Tamar Kiknadze (2–4 July 2021). "The Relevance of the Actual Values of the Political Actors of Georgia with the Ideologies Declared by Them". Diamond Scientific Publishing.
  5. ^ "ALDE Member Parties". aldeparty.eu.
  6. ^ (in Georgian) The Democratic Front faction: political platform (archived). Parliament of Georgia. Accessed on May 3, 2008.
  7. ^ a b c Brief history of the Republican Party of Georgia Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. May 21, 2006. The Republican Party of Georgia website. Accessed on May 3, 2008.
  8. ^ ‘Think-Tank’ Republicans to Quit Ruling Coalition. Civil Georgia. June 23, 2004.
  9. ^ New Opposition Alliance Set Up. Civil Georgia. 2008-12-08
  10. ^ Alasania Leads New Alliance with New Rights, Republicans. Civil Georgia. February 23, 2009.
  11. ^ GD Coalition Members Part Ways for Upcoming Elections. Civil Georgia. March 31, 2016.
  12. ^ Georgia – Ruling Coalition Dissolved. Presidential Power. April 14, 2016.
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