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Religious affiliation in the United States Senate

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The religious affiliation in the United States Senate reflects the variety of religion in the United States, despite not being in line with the religious affiliation of the general population.

While the religious preference of elected officials is by no means an indication of their allegiance nor necessarily reflective of their voting record, the religious affiliation of prominent members of all three branches of government is a source of commentary and discussion among the media and public. The topic is also of interest to religious groups and the general public who may appeal to senators of their denomination on religious or moral issues facing the United States Senate.

This list reports the religious affiliation of the members of the United States Senate in the 118th United States Congress. In most cases, in addition to specific sources, the senators' religious affiliations are those mentioned by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life at the Pew Research Center, which publishes a report at the beginning of each Congress.[1][2]

Christians (85)

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Protestants (56)

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Presbyterians (12)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Barrasso Republican Wyoming Presbyterian[3][4] Denomination: PCUSA; former Catholic.
Marsha Blackburn Republican Tennessee Presbyterian[5] Denomination: PCA.
Shelley Moore Capito Republican West Virginia Presbyterian[6] Denomination: PCUSA.
Tom Carper Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[7][8] Denomination: PCUSA.
Chris Coons Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[9][10] Denomination: PCUSA;[11][12] attends a Catholic church.[13]
Steve Daines Republican Montana Presbyterian[14] Denomination: EPC.[15][16]
Deb Fischer Republican Nebraska Presbyterian[17][18]
Josh Hawley Republican Missouri Presbyterian[19] Denomination: EPC;[20] raised as a Methodist.[21]
Andy Kim Democrat New Jersey Presbyterian[22]
Rand Paul Republican Kentucky Presbyterian[23][24] Denomination: PCUSA;[25] raised as an Episcopalian.[26][27]
Tina Smith Democrat Minnesota Presbyterian[2] Swore by an old Heilige Bibel, a family Bible.[28]
Mark Warner Democrat Virginia Presbyterian[29][30]

Baptists (10)

[edit]
Senator Party State Religion Notes
Cory Booker Democrat New Jersey Baptist[31] Denomination: NBC;[32] raised as a Methodist.[33]
John Boozman Republican Arkansas Baptist[34][35] Denomination: SBC.
Ted Cruz Republican Texas Baptist[36][37] Denomination: SBC.
Lindsey Graham Republican South Carolina Baptist[38][39] Denomination: SBC.
Chuck Grassley Republican Iowa Baptist[40][41] Denomination: BGC; attends a non-denominational church.[42]
Cindy Hyde-Smith Republican Mississippi Baptist[43] Denomination: SBC.
James Lankford Republican Oklahoma Baptist[44][45] Denomination: SBC; former student ministries and evangelism specialist for the BGCO.
Mitch McConnell Republican Kentucky Baptist[46][47] Denomination: SBC.
Raphael Warnock Democrat Georgia Baptist Former associated pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, affiliated to NBC;
senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, affiliated to PNBC and ABC.
Roger Wicker Republican Mississippi Baptist[48][49] Denomination: SBC.

Methodists (6)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Katie Britt Republican Alabama Methodist[50] Denomination: UMC.[50]
Tom Cotton Republican Arkansas Methodist[51] Denomination: UMC.[52]
John Kennedy Republican Louisiana Methodist[53] Denomination: UMC.[53]
Jerry Moran Republican Kansas Methodist[54][55] Attends a Presbyterian church.[56]
Debbie Stabenow Democrat Michigan Methodist[57][58] Denomination: UMC.[59]
Elizabeth Warren Democrat Massachusetts Methodist[60][61] Denomination: UMC;[62] attends various churches.[63]

Lutherans (6)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Sherrod Brown Democrat Ohio Lutheran[64][65][66] Denomination: ELCA.
Joni Ernst Republican Iowa Lutheran[64] Denomination: ELCA.
Martin Heinrich Democrat New Mexico Lutheran[64][67][68] Denomination: ELCA.
Ron Johnson Republican Wisconsin Lutheran[64][69][70] Denomination: WELS.
Cynthia Lummis Republican Wyoming Lutheran[64][71] Denomination: LCMS.
Jeff Merkley Democrat Oregon Lutheran[64][72][73] Denomination: ELCA.

Episcopalians (5)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Bill Hagerty Republican Tennessee Episcopalian[2]
Angus King Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Maine Episcopalian[74][75][76]
Gary Peters Democrat Michigan Episcopalian[74][77][78]
Chris Van Hollen Democrat Maryland Episcopalian[74][79]
Sheldon Whitehouse Democrat Rhode Island Episcopalian[74][80][81]

Non-denominational Evangelicals (5)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Ted Budd Republican North Carolina Non-denominational Evangelical[82]
Bill Cassidy Republican Louisiana Non-denominational Evangelical[83]
Rick Scott Republican Florida Non-denominational Evangelical[84] Former Presbyterian.[84]
Tim Scott Republican South Carolina Non-denominational Evangelical[85][86]
John Thune Republican South Dakota Non-denominational Evangelical[87][88]

Restorationists (3)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Cornyn Republican Texas Restorationist[89][90] Denomination: Churches of Christ.
Roger Marshall Republican Kansas Restorationist Denomination: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).[91][92]
Tommy Tuberville Republican Alabama Restorationist[93] Denomination: Churches of Christ.

Congregationalists (2)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Maggie Hassan Democrat New Hampshire Congregationalist Denomination: UCC.
Amy Klobuchar Democrat Minnesota Congregationalist[94][95] Denomination: UCC.

Pentecostals (2)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kevin Cramer Republican North Dakota Pentecostal Denomination: ICFG;[96] former Lutheran.
Markwayne Mullin Republican Oklahoma Pentecostal[97] Denomination: Assemblies of God.[98]

Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelicals (1)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Jon Tester Democrat Montana Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelical[99] Denomination: Church of God (Anderson, Indiana).

Quakers (1)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Hickenlooper Democrat Colorado Quaker[100] "Raised on the periphery of the Episcopal Church",[101]
but misidentified as an Episcopalian in the Pew Report.[2]

Unspecified Protestants (3)

[edit]
Senator Party State Religion Notes
Chris Murphy Democrat Connecticut Protestant[102][103] Raised as a Congregationalist.[104]
Jeanne Shaheen Democrat New Hampshire Protestant[105][106]
Todd Young Republican Indiana Protestant[2]

Catholics (26)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Braun Republican Indiana Catholic[107]
Maria Cantwell Democrat Washington Catholic[108][109]
Bob Casey Democrat Pennsylvania Catholic[110][111]
Susan Collins Republican Maine Catholic[112][113]
Catherine Cortez Masto Democrat Nevada Catholic[114][115][116]
Dick Durbin Democrat Illinois Catholic[117][118]
Kirsten Gillibrand Democrat New York Catholic[119][120]
John Hoeven Republican North Dakota Catholic[121][122]
Tim Kaine Democrat Virginia Catholic[123][124]
Mark Kelly Democrat Arizona Catholic[2] His wife, former Rep. Gabby Giffords, is Jewish.
Ben Ray Luján Democrat New Mexico Catholic[2]
Joe Manchin Democrat West Virginia Catholic[120][125]
Ed Markey Democrat Massachusetts Catholic[126][127]
Lisa Murkowski Republican Alaska Catholic[128][129]
Patty Murray Democrat Washington Catholic[130][131]
Alex Padilla Democrat California Catholic[132]
Jack Reed Democrat Rhode Island Catholic[133][134]
Pete Ricketts Republican Nebraska Catholic[135]
Jim Risch Republican Idaho Catholic[136][137]
Mike Rounds Republican South Dakota Catholic[138][139]
Marco Rubio Republican Florida Catholic[140][141] Former Latter-day Saint.[142]
Eric Schmitt Republican Missouri Catholic[143]
Dan Sullivan Republican Alaska Catholic[144]
Thom Tillis Republican North Carolina Catholic[145]
JD Vance Republican Ohio Catholic[146][147] Former non-denominational Evangelical.
Peter Welch Democrat Vermont Catholic[148]

Latter-day Saints (3)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Crapo Republican Idaho Latter-day Saint[149][150]
Mike Lee Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[151][152]
Mitt Romney Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[153][154]

Jewish (9)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Richard Blumenthal Democrat Connecticut Jewish[155][156]
Jon Ossoff Democrat Georgia Jewish[157]
Ben Cardin Democrat Maryland Jewish[158][159]
Bernie Sanders Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Vermont Jewish[160][161] Non-practicing.
Adam Schiff Democrat California Jewish[162]
Jacky Rosen Democrat Nevada Jewish[163][164]
Brian Schatz Democrat Hawaii Jewish[165][166]
Chuck Schumer Democrat New York Jewish[167][168]
Ron Wyden Democrat Oregon Jewish[169][170]

Buddhists (1)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mazie Hirono Democrat Hawaii Buddhist[171][172] School: Jōdo Shinshū; non-practicing.

Unknown or refused to specify (4)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Tammy Baldwin Democrat Wisconsin Unknown or refused to specify[2][173][174] Baptized as an Episcopalian.[175]
Michael Bennet Democrat Colorado Unknown or refused to specify[2][176][177] Raised in both Jewish and Christian traditions.[178]
Tammy Duckworth Democrat Illinois Unknown or refused to specify[2] Sometimes acknowledged as Deist.[179]
John Fetterman Democrat Pennsylvania Unknown or refused to specify

Unaffiliated (1)

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Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kyrsten Sinema Independent Arizona Unaffiliated Raised as a Latter-day Saint.[180]

Comparison with general population

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In conjunction with figures derived from the Pew Research Center's 2021 "survey of the religious composition of the United States",[181] the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 85% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 63% of the population), 8% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 5% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 2% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 5% of the population), and another 1% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 29% of the population). The unaffiliated are extremely under-represented, while Jews, Presbyterians, Lutherans, and Episcopalians are particularly over-represented.

The following table compares reported religious affiliations of senators to religious statistics of the demographics of the United States:

Religion Group No. of sens % of sens % of population
Christians Catholics
26 / 100
 26% 21%
Presbyterians
11 / 100
 12% 2%
Baptists
10 / 100
 10% 11%
Methodists
6 / 100
 6% 4%
Lutherans
6 / 100
 6% 3%
Episcopalians
5 / 100
 5% 1%
Other Protestants
17 / 100
 17% 18%
Latter-day Saints
3 / 100
 3% 2%
Jews
9 / 100
 8% 2%
Buddhists
1 / 100
 1% 1%
Unknown or refused to specify
4 / 100
 5% 2%
Unaffiliated
1 / 100
 1% 29%

See also

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References

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