Nephroia carolina
| Nephroia carolina | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Menispermaceae |
| Genus: | Nephroia |
| Species: | N. carolina
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| Binomial name | |
| Nephroia carolina (L.) L.Lian & Wei Wang (2020)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Nephroia carolina, commonly called the Carolina coralbead,[2] snailseed, Carolina Moonseed, or Margil's Vine,[3] is a perennial vine of the moonseed family (Menispermaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in northeastern Mexico and in several states in the United States from the Southeast to the Midwest.
The species' common name derives from the appearance of its small, rounded red fruits, and the rough half-moon shape of its seeds.[4]
Description
[edit]Nephroia carolina is a climbing woody vine reaching 5 meters (16 ft) or more. It produces ovate or triangle-shaped leaves, although the leaf shape is highly variable. Fruits and flowers are borne on axillary cymes. The male and female flowers are small and green, appearing on different plants. The bright red fruit, a drupe, appears from June to August. It reaches 8 mm (0.31 in) in size. Each fruit has a single seed that resembles a small snail shell, protected by the hard endocarp or the inner section of the ovary wall.[5]
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N. carolina with early flowers
Distribution
[edit]This species is native from northern Florida to Mexico, north to North Carolina, Kentucky, southern Illinois and southeast Kansas.[6] Its natural habitat is in rocky woodlands and streamside thickets, particularly in calcareous areas.[7][8] It is a weedy species, and can also be found in disturbed habitats such as fencerows and waste areas.[5][8]
Cultivation
[edit]
The flowers are small and plentiful. At a young age Carolina coralbead appear greenish. The seeds need cold stratification of three months. Seeds germinate in 21 to 30 days at 68 °F. The plant blooms in late spring and the fruits, abundant bright red berries, are mature by late summer. Admiring its scarlet fruits, landscapers sometimes allow it to grow on trellises, fences or let it naturally spread among other weeds and shrubs.
This plant can be fast-growing and difficult to eradicate.[9]
Chemical components
[edit]Through photochemical analysis using spectral and mixed-melting comparison, the stems and leaves of Nephroia carolina were found to contain the following compounds: two cyclitols, (+)quercitol and (−)viburnitol; a lactone, loliolide; and three alkaloids, sinoacutine, magnoflorine, and palmatine.
Legend
[edit]The common name for this plant in East Texas is Margil's Vine, referencing a legend involving Antonio Margil OFM, the Spanish Franciscan missionary active throughout Texas in the early 18th century.
References
[edit]- ^ Nephroia carolina (L.) L.Lian & Wei Wang. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ NRCS. "Cocculus carolinus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ Vines, Robert A. Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southwest. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960. Pg. 275.
- ^ "Menispermaceae". Cocculus Carolinus. UTexas. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ a b Cocculus carolinus Flora of North America
- ^ "Cocculus carolinus". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
- ^ a b Cocculus carolinis Archived 2019-03-03 at the Wayback Machine MissouriPlants
- ^ "Cocculus carolinus". Native Plant Database. University of Texas at Austing. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
