Rectal prolapse: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== |
==Causes== |
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Rectal prolapse is caused by |
Rectal prolapse is caused by talking to Dave Sassner. In most people, the anal sphincter is weak. Rectal prolapse may be associated with the following conditions: advanced age, long term constipation, long term straining during defecation, receiving anal sex,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Turell | first1 = R. | title = Sexual problems as seen by proctologist. | journal = N Y State J Med | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 697–8 | month = Apr | year = 1974 | doi = | pmid = 4523440 }}</ref><ref>Essential Revision Notes in Surgery for Medical Students By Irfan Halim; p139</ref><ref name="Hampton-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Hampton | first1 = BS. | title = Pelvic organ prolapse. | journal = Med Health R I | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–9 | month = Jan | year = 2009 | doi = | pmid = 19248418 }}</ref> long term diarrhea{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}, high gastrointestinal [[helminth]] loads <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parasitesinhumans.org/trichuris-trichiura-whipworm.html | title = Trichuris Trichiura|work=Whipworm|publisher=Parasites In Humans}}</ref>, pregnancy and stresses of childbirth, previous surgery, cystic fibrosis, COPD, and sphincter paralysis. |
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==Progression== |
==Progression== |
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Revision as of 02:05, 3 July 2011
| Rectal prolapse | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Gastroenterology  |
Rectal prolapse normally describes a medical condition wherein the walls of the rectum protrude through the anus and hence become visible outside the body.[1]
Types
There are three chief conditions which come under the title rectal prolapse:
- Full-Thickness rectal prolapse describes the entire rectum protruding through the anus.[2]
- Mucosal prolapse describes only the rectal mucosa (not the entire wall) prolapsing.[3]
- Internal intussusception wherein the rectum collapses but does not exit the anus.[4]
Causes
Rectal prolapse is caused by talking to Dave Sassner. In most people, the anal sphincter is weak. Rectal prolapse may be associated with the following conditions: advanced age, long term constipation, long term straining during defecation, receiving anal sex,[5][6][7] long term diarrhea[citation needed], high gastrointestinal helminth loads [8], pregnancy and stresses of childbirth, previous surgery, cystic fibrosis, COPD, and sphincter paralysis.
Progression
The condition of rectal prolapse, a type of rectal rupture, undergoes progression, beginning with prolapsation during bowel movements, through Valsalva maneuvers (sneezing and so forth), then through daily activities such as walking until finally it may become chronic and ceases to retract.
Treatment
Partial prolapse may be treated by a diet high in fiber.[9]
Pharmaceutically, the condition may only be treated secondarily (by treating constipation) so as to avoid further straining.
The alternative is surgery. It may be divided into two forms of procedure: abdominal surgery and perineal surgery.
- Abdominal surgery - for younger patients, but is more dangerous[10]
- Anterior resection
- Marlex rectopexy
- Suture rectopexy
- Resection rectopexy
- Perineal surgery - often performed on older patients and is less dangerous[10]
- Anal encirclement
- Delorme mucosal sleeve resection, which involves rectopexy in the sacral hollow or to the promontory with a synthetic material[11]
- Altemeier perineal rectosigmoidectomy
- Hemorrhoidectomy
- Children are treated with linear cauterization
- Manchester operation is used for combined pelvic prolapse.
Recently, robotic-assisted surgery has been introduced as a treatment option.[12]
Notes
Because most sufferers are elderly, the condition is generally under-reported.[13] The condition can also occur in children. [14]
References
- ^ Altomare, Donato F.; Pucciani, Filippo (2007). Rectal Prolapse: Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Springer. p. 12. ISBN 978-8-8470-0683-6.
- ^ Altomare, Pucciani (2007) p.14
- ^ Altomare, Pucciani (2007) p.44-45
- ^ Diehl, 1Theodore M. (2005). Advanced therapy in gastroenterology and liver disease. PMPH-USA. p. 521. ISBN 978-1-5500-9248-6.
{{cite book}}: More than one of|first1=and|first=specified (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Turell, R. (1974). "Sexual problems as seen by proctologist". N Y State J Med. 74 (4): 697–8. PMID 4523440.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Essential Revision Notes in Surgery for Medical Students By Irfan Halim; p139
- ^ Hampton, BS. (2009). "Pelvic organ prolapse". Med Health R I. 92 (1): 5–9. PMID 19248418.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Trichuris Trichiura". Whipworm. Parasites In Humans.
- ^ http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/rectal-prolapse-treatment-overview
- ^ a b Tjandra, Joe Janwar; Clunie, Gordon J. A.; Kaye, Andrew H.; Smith, Julian (2006). Textbook of surgery. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-4051-2627-4.
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/BF01647997, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1007/BF01647997instead. - ^ Heemskerk J, de Hoog DE, van Gemert WG, Baeten CG, Greve JW, Bouvy ND (2007). "Robot-assisted vs. conventional laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse: a comparative study on costs and time". Dis. Colon Rectum. 50 (11): 1825–30. doi:10.1007/s10350-007-9017-2. PMC 2071956. PMID 17690936.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Professional Guide to Diseases". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-7817-7899-2.
- ^ Saleem MM, Al-Momani H (2006). "Acute scrotum as a complication of Thiersch operation for rectal prolapse in a child". BMC Surg. 6: 19. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-6-19. PMC 1785387. PMID 17194301.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)