Jump to content

Real Madrid CF: Difference between revisions

Edit links
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 72: Line 72:
[[File:Alphonse XIII.jpg|150px|thumb|right|The then King of Spain [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]].]]
[[File:Alphonse XIII.jpg|150px|thumb|right|The then King of Spain [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]].]]


In 1929, the first [[La Liga 1929|Spanish football league]] was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona.<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (III)">{{cite web| title = A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–1930) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681768/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(III).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | date =28 February 2007 |accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> Real Madrid won its first League title in the [[La Liga 1931-32|1931–32 season]]. Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first side to have won the championship twice.<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (IV)">{{cite web|title = The first two-time champion of the League (1931–1940) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681729/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(IV).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate = 18 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref>
In 1929, cristiano ronaldo raped messi girlfriend in the ass the first [[La Liga 1929|Spanish football league]] was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona.<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (III)">{{cite web| title = A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–1930) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681768/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(III).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | date =28 February 2007 |accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> Real Madrid won its first League title in the [[La Liga 1931-32|1931–32 season]]. Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first side to have won the championship twice.<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (IV)">{{cite web|title = The first two-time champion of the League (1931–1940) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681729/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(IV).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate = 18 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref>


On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic deprived Madrid of their royal title and the crown was taken off the logo. From then on, they went back to being known as Madrid Football Club. On 13 June 1943, Real Madrid destroyed [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the [[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo]] with the result of 11-1, causing uproar with the Barcelona supporters for the humiliation they claimed that general [[Francisco Franco]] had some part in allegedly match fixing but due to no proof the score still stood.
On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic deprived Madrid of their royal title and the crown was taken off the logo. From then on, they went back to being known as Madrid Football Club. On 13 June 1943, Real Madrid destroyed [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the [[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo]] with the result of 11-1, causing uproar with the Barcelona supporters for the humiliation they claimed that general [[Francisco Franco]] had some part in allegedly match fixing but due to no proof the score still stood.

Revision as of 19:08, 16 December 2011

"Real Madrid" redirects here. For the basketball team, see Real Madrid Baloncesto. For other uses, see Real Madrid (disambiguation).
Real Madrid C.F.
Real Madrid C.F. emblem
Full nameReal Madrid Club de Fútbol[1]
Nickname(s)Los Blancos (The Whites) Los Merengues (The Meringues) Los Vikingos (The Vikings)
FoundedMarch 6, 1902; 122 years ago (1902-03-06)
as Madrid Football Club[2]
GroundEstadio Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid
Capacity85,454[3]
PresidentFlorentino Pérez
ManagerJosé Mourinho
LeagueLa Liga
2010–11La Liga, 2nd
Websitehttp://www.realmadrid.com
Current season

Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfutβol] Royal Madrid Football Club), commonly known as Real Madrid, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain.

Founded in 1902 by Juan Padrós, the clubs first president, Real Madrid has never been relegated from La Liga, the top league of Spanish football. The word "Real" in the club's name is the Spanish term for "royal", and was given by the King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The club established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s.

The team's traditional home kit colour is white, although it originally adopted a blue oblique stripe on the shirt. Its crest has been changed several times to modernise or re-brand it. The current crest is a modified version of the one first adopted in the 1920s. Real Madrid's home ground is the 85,454-seater Santiago Bernabéu football stadium in downtown Madrid, where it has played since 1947. The Bernabéu was the final venue for the 1982 FIFA World Cup and the venue for the European cup (or UEFA Champions League) finals of 1957, 1969, 1980 and 2010.

Real Madrid holds long-standing rivalries with other football clubs, most notably FC Barcelona, with matches between the two teams referred to as "el Clásico". Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (socios) have owned and operated the club since its inception. The club is the world's richest football club (€438.6m) in terms of revenue[5] and the second most valuable worth over €1.4bn in 2011.[6]

The club has won a record 31 La Liga titles, the Primera División (First Division) of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), 18 Copas del Rey, 8 Spanish Super Cups, 1 Copa Eva Duarte and 1 Copa de la Liga, while in international competitions has won a record 9 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, 2 UEFA Cups, 1 UEFA Super Cup and 3 Intercontinental Cups.

History

Main article: History of Real Madrid C.F.

Early years (1897–1945)

Real Madrid team in 1905

Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and students of the Institución libre de enseñanza, which included several Cambridge and Oxford University graduates. They founded Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. It split into two clubs in 1900: New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Club Español de Madrid.[7] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.[2] Three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the founding sides of the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA. After moving between grounds the team moved to the Campo de O'Donnell in 1912.[8] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[9]

The then King of Spain Alfonso XIII.

In 1929, cristiano ronaldo raped messi girlfriend in the ass the first Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona.[10] Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season. Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first side to have won the championship twice.[11]

On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic deprived Madrid of their royal title and the crown was taken off the logo. From then on, they went back to being known as Madrid Football Club. On 13 June 1943, Real Madrid destroyed Barcelona in the Copa del Generalísimo with the result of 11-1, causing uproar with the Barcelona supporters for the humiliation they claimed that general Francisco Franco had some part in allegedly match fixing but due to no proof the score still stood.

Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–1978)

Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became president of Real Madrid in 1945.[12] Under his presidency, the club, its stadium Santiago Bernabéu and its training facilities Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt after the Spanish Civil War damages. Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from abroad, the most prominent of them being Alfredo Di Stéfano.[13]

In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by the French sports journalist and editor of L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and Gusztáv Sebes created an exhibition tournament of invited teams from around Europe that would eventually become what today is known as the UEFA Champions League.[14] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960.[13] After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour.[15] The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating FK Partizan 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first in the competition.[16] This team became known as the Yé-yé. The name "Ye-yé" came from the "Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in The Beatles' song "She Loves You" after four members of the team posed for Diario Marca dressed in Beatles wigs. The Ye-yé generation was also European Cup runner-up in 1962 and 1964.[16]

Amancio Amaro, captain of the Yé-yé.

In the 1970s, Real Madrid won 5 league championships and 3 Spanish Cups.[17] The club played its first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1971 and lost to English side Chelsea 2–1.[18] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago Bernabéu died while the World Cup was being played in Argentina. The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) decreed three days of mourning to honour him during the tournament.[19] The following year, the club organized the first edition of the Santiago Bernabéu Trophy in the memory of its former president.

Quinta del Buitre and seventh European Cup (1980s–2000)

By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the La Liga title until a new batch of home-grown stars brought domestic success back to the club.[20] Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias gave to this generation the name La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"), which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members, Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were Manuel Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza.[21] With La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for Zaragoza in 1986) and notable players like goalkeeper Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán Chendo and Mexican striker Hugo Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups.[21] In the early 1990s, La Quinta del Buitre split up after Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club.

In 1996, President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like Roberto Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro, Iván Zamorano, and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup. In 1998, under manager Jupp Heynckes, The Whites defeated Juventus 1–0 in the final thanks to a goal from Predrag Mijatović.[22]

Los Galácticos, Calderón and second Pérez era (2000-present)

Real Madrid's players celebrate their 2008 Supercopa de España title win against Valencia.

In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president.[23] He vowed in his campaign to erase the club's 270 million euro debt and modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of Luís Figo.[24] The following year, the club got its training ground rezoned and used the money to begin assembling the famous Galáctico side including players such as Zinédine Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl and David Beckham. It is debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite a UEFA Champions League and an Intercontinental Cup (football) win in 2002, followed by the League in 2003, the club failed to win a major trophy for the next three seasons.[25]

Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real Madrid won the La Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years but Capello was sacked.[26] In the 2007–08 season, The Whites won the domestic league for the 31st time, achieving their first consecutive league title in eighteen years.[27] On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency.[28][29] Pérez continued with the Galácticos policy pursued in his first term, buying Kaká from A.C. Milan[30] then purchasing Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for a record breaking £80 million.

Jose Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.[31] [32] Mourinho led the club to a Copa del Rey win, and a Champions League semifinal, both of which were against Barcelona in an unprecedented series of four Clasicos in eighteen days.

Crest and shirt

File:RM Crest History.png
The progression of Real Madrid's crest since the Club's formation in 1902.

The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the crest occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside a circle.[33] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency of Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time, King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage which came in the form of the title "Real madrid", roughly translated as "Royal".[34] Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[33] With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the royal symbols (the crown on the crest and the title of Real) were eliminated. The crown was replaced by the dark mulberry band of the Region of Castile.[11] In 1941, two years after the end of the Civil War, the crest's "Real Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as well.[12] In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[33] The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001 when the club wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe to a more bluish shade.[33]

Real Madrid's original kit

Real Madrid's traditional home colours are all white, although it initially adopted a blue oblique stripe on the shirt (the design was kept in the club crest); but unlike today, dark blue socks were worn.[10][35] The striped shirt was replaced by an all-white version, modeled after the shirt worn by Corinthian F.C., in 1902.[36] In the same year, the blue socks were replaced by black ones. By the early 1940s the manager changed the kit again by adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast (which have remained ever since). On 23 November 1947, in a game against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium, Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.[12]

Real's traditional away colours are all black or all purple. The club's kit is currently manufactured by Adidas whose contract extends from 1998.[37][38] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor, Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1992.[39][40] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract with Teka and for one season used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote the club's website. Then, in 2002, a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the BenQ Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.[41] Real Madrid's current shirt sponsor is bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.[42][43]

Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt partner
1980–1982 Adidas None
1982–1985 Zanussi
1985–1989 Hummel Parmalat
1989–1991 Reny Picot
1991–1992 Otaysa
1992–1994 Teka
1994–1998 Kelme
1998–2001 Adidas
2001–2002 None*
2002–2005 Siemens mobile
2005–2006 Siemens
2006–2007 BenQ Siemens
2007– bwin.com

*Realmadrid.com appeared in place of shirt sponsor to promote the club's new website.

Grounds

Main articles: Estadio Chamartín, Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
Santiago Bernabéu
Capacity85,454
Construction
Broke ground1944
Opened14 December 1947
ArchitectManuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler, Antonio Lamela

After moving between grounds the team moved to the "Campo de O'Donnell" in 1912, which remained its home ground for eleven years.[8] After this period, the club moved for one year to the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that, Real Madrid moved its home matches to Estadio Chamartín which was inaugurated on 17 May 1923 with a match against Newcastle United.[44] In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.[10] After some successes, the 1943 elected president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín was not big enough for the ambitions of the club. A new stadium was built and was inaugurated on 14 December 1947.[12][45] This was the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is known today, although it did not acquire this name until 1955.[13] The first match held on Bernabéu was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club Belenenses and won by The Whites with 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.[12]

The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.[46][47] Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.[46] The last change was an increase of about five thousand to a capacity of 85,454, effected in 2011. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.[48] Real Madrid has the fourth highest of the average attendances of European football clubs only behind FC Barcelona, Borussia Dortmund, and Manchester United.[49][50][51]

The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World Cup final, the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cup finals and the 2010 Champions League Final.[52] The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line called Santiago Bernabéu.[53] On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu has been upgraded to Elite Football Stadium status by UEFA.[54]

On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated at the City of Madrid where Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with goals from Sergio Ramos, Cassano (2), Soldado (2), and Jurado. The venue is now part of the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is Real Madrid Castilla's home ground. It is named after former Real footballer Alfredo Di Stéfano.[55]

Statistics and records

Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. records and statistics
Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in goals scored and appearances.

Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-team matches from 1994 to 2010. Manuel Sanchis, Jr. comes second, having played 711 times.[56] The record for a goalkeeper is held by Iker Casillas, with 575 appearances. With 127 caps (47 while at the club), Luís Figo of Portugal is Real's most capped international player.[57]

Raúl is Real's all-time top goalscorer, with 323 goals in 741 games (1994–2010).[58] Four other players have also scored over 200 goals for Real: Alfredo Di Stefano (1953–64), Santillana (1971–88), Ferenc Puskás (1958–66) and Hugo Sánchez (1985–92). Portuguese Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record for the most league goals scored in one season (40 in 2010–11). Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl in 2005. The fastest goal in the history of the club (15 seconds) was scored by Brazilian Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a league match against Atlético Madrid.[59]

Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for a football cup competition, Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of Estadio Santiago Bernabeu is 80,354.[60] The club's average attendance in 2007–08 season was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues.[61] Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (31 as of 2007–08) and the most seasons won in a row (5, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[62] With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.[63]

The Whites also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League nine times and for the most semi-final appearances (21).[64] Raúl González is the all-time UEFA Champions League top scorer, with 71 goals in total, 66 whilst playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number of consecutive participation in the European Cup with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70.[65]

File:Best Club of the 20th Century.jpg
Trophy that proclaims Real Madrid as the best club of the 20th Century.


In June 2009, the club broke its own record for the highest transfer fee ever paid in the history of football by agreeing to pay Manchester United €96 million ($131.5 million, £80 million) for the services of Cristiano Ronaldo.[66] The fee of €76 million (over $100 million, £45.8 million) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2001 was the previous highest transfer fee ever paid. That Zidane's record had been broken previously in June 2009, when Real Madrid had agreed to buy Kaká from AC Milan for a fee that was, for a few days, the first one to exceed the Zizou's transfer in pounds sterling. The club's record sale came on 1 September 2008, when they sold Robinho to Manchester City for €42 million (£32.5 million).[67]

Support

Main article: Supporters of Real Madrid C.F.

During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season ticket holders, of which there are average of 68,670.[1] To become a season ticket holder one must first be a socio, or club member. In addition to members, the club has more than 1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real Madrid has the highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly attracts over 65,000 fans to Santiago Bernabéu; it was the second best-supported La Liga team in the 2004–05 season, with an average gate of 71,900.[68] Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called Ultras Sur supporters. They are known for their extreme right-wing politics. The Ultras Sur have developed an alliance with other right wing groups, most notably S.S. Lazio Irriducibili fans. On several occasions they have racially abused opposing players, and have been investigated by UEFA for doing so.[69][70]

Rivalries

El Clásico

Main article: El Clásico

There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known as 'The Classic' (El Clásico). From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.[71]

During the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned.[72][73] Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barcelona became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barcelona. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence.[74]

On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign oppressive centralism and the fascist regime at management level and beyond (Santiago Bernabeu, the former club president for whom the Merengues stadium is named, fought with los nacionales).[75][76] However, during the Spanish Civil War, members of both clubs such as Josep Sunyol and Rafael Sánchez Guerra suffered at the hands of Franco supporters.

During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.[77] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice at the knock-out rounds of the European Cup.[78] In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and was watched by more than 500 million people.[79]

El Derbi madrileño

Main article: El Derbi madrileño
Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at Santiago Bernabéu

The club's nearest neighbour is Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between fans of both football teams. Although Atlético was originally founded by three Basque students in 1903, it was joined in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. Further tensions came because initially Real supporters came from the middle class while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the working class. Today these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for the first time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first League Championship at the former Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.[10] The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup when the two clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay and The Whites won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach José Villalonga, it defeated The Whites in two successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[80]

Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered it any serious challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more recent times is very favorable.[81] A high point coming in the 2002–03 season, when The Whites clinched the La Liga title after an impressive victory at Atlético 0–4 at the Vicente Calderón Stadium.[82]

Finances and ownership

It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club.[83] The club ceded part of its training grounds to the city of Madrid in 2001, and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol YPF, Mutua Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale eradicated the club's debts, paving the way for it to buy the world's most expensive players such as Zinédine Zidane, Luís Figo, Ronaldo and David Beckham. The city had previously rezoned the training grounds for development, a move which in turn increased their value, and then bought the site.[25] The EU-commission started an investigation into whether the city overpaid for the property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.[84]

The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of €270m and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree which brought big-name players to the club. In addition, profit from the sale was spent on a state-of-the-art training complex on the city's outskirts.[85] Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased financial success from the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world, especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being too focused on marketing the Real Madrid brand, and not enough on the performances of the team.

By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in Europe by BBDO.[86] In 2008, it was ranked the second most valuable club in football, with a value of €951 mil (£640 million / $1.285 billion),[87] only beaten by Manchester United, which was valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).[88] In 2010, Real Madrid had the highest turnover in football worldwide.[89] In September 2009, Real Madrid's management announced plans to open its own dedicated theme park by 2013.[90]

A study at Harvard University concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most important brand names and the only one in which its executives, the players, are well-known. We have some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the club. There are an estimated 287 million people worldwide who follow Real Madrid."[91] In 2010, Forbes evaluated Real Madrid's worth to be around €992 million (USD $1,323 million), ranking them second after Manchester United, based on figures from the 2008–09 season.[92][93] According to Deloitte, Real Madrid had a recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.[94]

Along with FC Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, and Osasuna, Real Madrid is organised as a registered association. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but only membership.[95] The members of Real Madrid, called socios, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.[96] As of 2010 the club has 60,000 socios.[97] At the end of the 2009–10 season, the club board of directors of the club stated that Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million, 82.1 million lower than the previous fiscal year.

Real Madrid was the featured club in the second edition of the Goal! football movie trilogy, Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former Newcastle United star Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by Real Madrid for the 2005–06 season. The film's creators wanted to put emphasis on the changes in Muñez's life after his move to Madrid. Production was done with the full support of UEFA, allowing the film crew to use many real life players in cameo roles. Real Madrid squad members featured in the film included Iker Casillas, Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Ronaldo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl, Sergio Ramos, Robinho, Thomas Gravesen, Michael Owen, Míchel Salgado, Júlio Baptista, Steve McManaman, Jonathan Woodgate, and Iván Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances included Ronaldinho, Thierry Henry, Lionel Messi, Samuel Eto'o, Andrés Iniesta, Pablo Aimar, Fredrik Ljungberg, Cesc Fàbregas, Santiago Cañizares and others. In the film, both Florentino Pérez and Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his signing.[98]

Real, The Movie is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the world-wide passion for Real Madrid C.F. Produced by the club and directed by Borja Manso, it follows five sub-stories of fans from around the world and their love for Real Madrid. Along with the fictional portion of the film, it also contains real footage of the squad, during training at Ciudad Real Madrid, matches, and interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses on galácticos such as David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raúl, Luís Figo, Ronaldo, Iker Casillas, and Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally produced in Spanish, but has been dubbed for their world-wide fanbase.

The book White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by Phil Ball was the first English-language history of Real Madrid. Published in 2002, it talks about the most successful moments of the club during its first centenary, having been translated into various languages.

Players

Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. players
For a list of all former and current Real Madrid C.F. players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:Real Madrid C.F. players.

Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the ACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.

First-team squad

See Real Madrid squad 2011–12
As of 4 August 2011.[99]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Spain ESP Iker Casillas (captain)
2 DF Portugal POR Ricardo Carvalho
3 DF Portugal POR Pepe
4 DF Spain ESP Sergio Ramos (vice-captain)
5 MF Turkey TUR Nuri Şahin
6 MF Germany GER Sami Khedira
7 FW Portugal POR Cristiano Ronaldo
8 MF Brazil BRA Kaká
9 FW France FRA Karim Benzema
10 MF Germany GER Mesut Özil
11 MF Spain ESP Esteban Granero
12 DF Brazil BRA Marcelo (vice-captain)
No. Pos. Nation Player
13 GK Spain ESP Antonio Adán
14 MF Spain ESP Xabi Alonso
15 DF Portugal POR Fábio Coentrão
16 MF Turkey TUR Hamit Altıntop
17 DF Spain ESP Álvaro Arbeloa
18 DF Spain ESP Raúl Albiol
19 DF France FRA Raphaël Varane
20 FW Argentina ARG Gonzalo Higuaín (vice-captain)
21 MF Spain ESP José Callejón
22 MF Argentina ARG Ángel di María
24 MF France FRA Lassana Diarra

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Spain ESP Sergio Canales (at Valencia)
— MF Netherlands NED Royston Drenthe (at Everton)
— MF Argentina ARG Fernando Gago (at Roma)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Spain ESP David Mateos (at Zaragoza)
— MF Spain ESP Pedro León (at Getafe)

Extra players registered only for the UEFA Champions League

As of 2 September 2011.[100]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
23 DF Portugal POR Pedro Mendes
25 GK Spain ESP Tomás
26 FW Spain ESP Álvaro Morata
27 DF Spain ESP Nacho
28 FW Spain ESP Jesé
29 FW Spain ESP Joselu
No. Pos. Nation Player
30 MF Spain ESP Álex Fernández
31 GK Spain ESP Fernando Pacheco Flores
32 DF Spain ESP Dani Carvajal
33 FW Spain ESP Óscar Plano
34 MF Russia RUS Denis
36 MF Spain ESP Lucas Vázquez

Personnel

Current technical staff

Portuguese José Mourinho is the current manager of the team.
See also List of Real Madrid C.F. managers
Position Staff
Head coach José Mourinho
Assistant Coach Aitor Karanka
Fitness Trainer Rui Faria
Goalkeeper Coach Silvino Louro
Technical Assistant José Morais
Match delegate Chendo

Last updated: 17 May 2011
Source: Real Madrid

Management

See also: List of Real Madrid C.F. presidents
Businessman Florentino Pérez is the current president of the club.
Position Staff
President Florentino Pérez
Honorary Life President Alfredo Di Stéfano
1st Vice-president Fernando Fernández Tapias
2nd Vice-president Eduardo Fernández de Blas
Secretary of the Board Enrique Sánchez González
Director General José Ángel Sánchez
Director of the President's Office Manuel Redondo
Director of the Social Area José Luis Sánchez

Last updated: 10 June 2011
Source: Board of Directors, Organisation

Honours

As of 26 August 2011 Real Madrid have won a record 31 La Liga and a record 9 European Cup/UEFA Champions League trophies. The club was awarded with the recognition of FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 23 December 2000.[101] It also received the FIFA Order of Merit in 2004.[102] Added to this, Real is allowed to wear a multiple–winner badge on their shirt during UEFA Champions League matches as they have won more than five European Cups.[15]

Domestic competitions

Winners (31): 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08
Runners-up (20): 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
Winners (18): 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11
Runners-up (19): 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04
Winners (8): 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008
Runners-up (4): 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011
(* Won Copa del Rey and La Liga)
Winners (1): 1947
Winners (1): 1985
Runners-up (1): 1983

European competitions

Winners (9): 1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02
Runners-up (3): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81
(* First ever winners)
Winners (2): 1984–85, 1985–86
Runners-up (2): 1970–71, 1982–83
Winners (1): 2002
Runners-up (2): 1998, 2000

Worldwide competitions

Winners (3): 1960, 1998, 2002
Runners-up (2): 1966, 2000
  • FIFA Club of the Century[113]

See also

Sports

Reserve teams

Other

Related article

Games

References

  1. ^ a b "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol" (in Spanish). Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
  2. ^ a b Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  3. ^ "El Bernabéu estrena 900 localidades más". as.com. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  4. ^ "Real Madrid closes out its best fiscal year in history". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
  5. ^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2011". Deloitte UK. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  6. ^ "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  7. ^ Ball, Phil p. 117.
  8. ^ a b "History — Chapter 1 – From the Estrada Lot to the nice, little O'Donnel pitch". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  9. ^ Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu's debut to the title of Real (1911–1920)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d Luís Miguel González (28 February 2007). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–1930)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  11. ^ a b Luís Miguel González. "The first two-time champion of the League (1931–1940)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  12. ^ a b c d e Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu begins his office as President building the new Chamartín Stadium (1941–1950)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  13. ^ a b c Luís Miguel González. "An exceptional decade (1951–1960)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  14. ^ Matthew Spiro (12 May 2006). "Hats off to Hanot". uefa.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  15. ^ a b "Regulations of the UEFA Champions League" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 12 July 2008.; Page 4, §2.01 "Cup" & Page 26, §16.10 "Title-holder logo"
  16. ^ a b Luís Miguel González. "The generational reshuffle was successful (1961–1970)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  17. ^ "Trophy Room". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  18. ^ "European Competitions 1971". RSSS. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
  19. ^ "Santiago Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  20. ^ "The "Quinta del Buitre" era begins". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  21. ^ a b Luís Miguel González (5 March 2008). "1981–1990 – Five straight League titles and a new record". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  22. ^ "1991–2000 – From Raúl González to the turn of the new millennium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  23. ^ "Florentino Pérez era" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  24. ^ "Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 24 July 2000. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  25. ^ a b "2001–Present — Real Madrid surpasses the century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  26. ^ Cristina Monge (18 June 2007). "Real Madrid 3–1 Mallorca". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  27. ^ "First consecutive league title in eighteen years". Realmadrid.com. 5 May 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  28. ^ "First measures adopted by the Real Madrid Board of Directors". Realmadrid.com. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  29. ^ "Perez to return as Real president". BBC Sport. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  30. ^ The Times Madrid Signs Kaká timesonline.co.uk
  31. ^ Tynan, Gordon (28 May 2010). "Mourinho to be unveiled at Madrid on Monday after £7m compensation deal". The Independent. London. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  32. ^ "Real Madrid unveil Jose Mourinho as their new coach". BBC Sport. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  33. ^ a b c d "Escudo Real Madrid" (in Spanish). santiagobernabeu.com. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
  34. ^ "Presidents — Pedro Parages". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  35. ^ "Camiseta Real Madrid" (in Spanish). santiagobernabeu.com. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
  36. ^ Real Madrid home kit in 1905 was all-white, so the supporters start calling the players as Los Blancos
  37. ^ Álvaro Velasco (1 December 2006). "Leaders in sporting goods". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008. Ramón Calderón says: We began working with Adidas again in 1998
  38. ^ "Our Sponsors — Adidas". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  39. ^ "Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1902–1989)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  40. ^ "Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1991–2008)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  41. ^ "BenQ Mobile Scores As Real Madrid's New Major Sponsor". Realmadrid.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  42. ^ Juan José López Soto (11 June 2008). "Real Madrid and Bwin sign sponsorship agreement". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  43. ^ "Our Sponsors — bwin.com". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  44. ^ Ball, Phil p. 118.
  45. ^ "History — Chapter 3 – The New Chamartin, an exemplary stadium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  46. ^ a b Javier Palomino (13 December 2007). "60th Anniversary". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  47. ^ "History — Chapter 4". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  48. ^ "History — Chapter 10 – The future". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  49. ^ "Spanish La Liga Stats: Team Attendance - 2010-11". ESPNsoccernet. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ "German Bundesliga Stats: Team Attendance - 2010-11". ESPNsoccernet. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Team Attendance - 2010-11". ESPNsoccernet. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ Alvaro Velasco (28 March 2008). "Final at the Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  53. ^ "Santiago Bernabéu station" (in Spanish). Metromadrid.es. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  54. ^ Javier Palomino (14 November 2007). "The Bernabéu is now Elite". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  55. ^ "This one's for you, Alfredo!". Realmadrid.com. 10 May 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
  56. ^ "Legends — Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuela". realmadrid.com. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  57. ^ "FIFA Century Club" (PDF). fifa.com. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  58. ^ "Conor Brown Equals Di Stéfano's Real Madrid Record". Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  59. ^ "Quickfire Ronaldo proves Real hero". CNN.com. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  60. ^ "Attendances Spain average — Primera Division 2007–2008". European Football Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  61. ^ "European Attendances". European Football Statistics in 2008 Mexican defender, Jonni Ruvalcaba broke club record for highest paid player in a single season. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  62. ^ "Real Madrid C.F." (in Spanish). lpf.es. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
  63. ^ "Unbeaten at Home in the League". rsssf.com. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  64. ^ "History". Uefa.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  65. ^ "History". Uefa.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  66. ^ "History of the world transfer record". BBC News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  67. ^ "Man City beat Chelsea to Robinho". BBC News. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  68. ^ On the first place was Barcelona with an average gate of 76,000.
  69. ^ "Real supporters reported to Spanish FA". BBC Sport. 19 April 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  70. ^ "UEFA investigate Real Madrid supporters". BBC Sport. 25 November 2004. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  71. ^ Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2
  72. ^ Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée. p. 70
  73. ^ Phil Ball (21 April 2002). "The ancient rivalry of Barcelona and Real Madrid". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  74. ^ Spaaij, Ramón. p. 251
  75. ^ Abend, Lisa (20 December 2007). "Barcelona vs. Real Madrid: More Than a Game". Time. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  76. ^ Lowe, Sid (26 March 2001). "Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football by Phil Ball (London: WSC Books, 2001)". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  77. ^ Burns, Jimmy. pp. 31–34
  78. ^ García, Javier (31 January 2000). "FC Barcelona vs Real Madrid CF since 1902". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  79. ^ "Real win Champions League showdown". BBC News. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  80. ^ Real have won El Derbi madrileño 75 times.
  81. ^ Álvaro Velasco (17 January 2008). "One for the ages". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  82. ^ "The derby turns 78". Realmadrid.com. 22 February 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  83. ^ "Perez resigns as Real Madrid president". BBC. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  84. ^ Nash, Elizabeth (4 March 2004). "EU investigates Real Madrid property deal". London: independent.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  85. ^ "'Mistakes are forbidden'". CNN/Sports Illustrated. 8 May 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  86. ^ "Top 25 ranking of Europe's most valuable football clubs" (PDF). BBDO (Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn). 17 September 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  87. ^ "The Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  88. ^ "The Most Valuable Soccer Teams – Manchester United". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  89. ^ "Deloitte Football Money League" (PDF). Deloitte. 20 October 2003. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  90. ^ "Real Madrid plan to open their own theme park". TheSpoiler.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  91. ^ "Noticias". upcomillas.es. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  92. ^ "The Business Of Soccer". Forbes. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  93. ^ "Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  94. ^ "Real Madrid becomes the first sports team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops Deloitte Football Money League". Deloitte. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  95. ^ Peterson, Marc p. 25
  96. ^ Andreff, Wladimir; Szymański, Stefan (2006). Handbook on the economics of sport. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 1843766086.
  97. ^ "Real Madrid drama. The oldest supporter died" (in Romanian). ziare.com. 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
  98. ^ "Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007)". IMDb. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  99. ^ "Squad". Real Madrid C.F. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  100. ^ "UEFA-Squad". UEFA. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  101. ^ Juan José López Soto (8 March 2008). "106 years of history". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  102. ^ "Celebrations mark the opening of FIFA Centennial Congress in Paris, FIFA's birthplace". fifa.com. 20 May 2004. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  103. ^ "Evolution 1929–10". Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  104. ^ "Palmarés en" (in Spanish). MARCA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  105. ^ Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano (28 August 2009). "Spain – List of Super Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 22 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  106. ^ "List of Super Cup Finals". RSSF. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  107. ^ Torre, Raúl (29 January 2009). "Spain – List of League Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  108. ^ "Champions League history". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  109. ^ "Europa League history". UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  110. ^ "UEFA Cup Winners' Cup". UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  111. ^ "UEFA Super Cup". UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  112. ^ Magnani, Loris ; Stokkermans, Karel (30 April 2005). "Intercontinental Club Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 August 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  113. ^ "FIFA World Player 2000 award information". FIFA.com. FIFA. 6 December 2000. Retrieved 6 September 2011. The FIFA Club of the Century was voted exclusively by the readers of the bi-monthly FIFA Magazine

Further reading

  • Dénes, Tamás & Rochy, Zoltán (2002). Real Madrid. Aréna 2000. ISBN 963-86167-5-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ball, Phil (2003 New edition). Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football. WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-954-01346-8. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Ball, Phil (2003). White Storm: The Story of Real Madrid. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-763-8.
  • McManaman, Steve & Edworthy, Sarah (2003). El Macca: Four Years with Real Madrid. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-743-48920-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Luis Miguel González, Luis González López, Fundación Real Madrid (2002). Real Madrid: Cien años de leyenda, 1902–2002. Everest. ISBN 84-241-9215-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Real Madrid.
Wikinews has news related to:
Official websites

Template:UEFA Champions League Template:IFFHS continental Clubs of the 20th Century

Template:Link GA Template:Link GA Template:Link GA Template:Link FA Template:Link FA Template:Link FA

Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Real_Madrid_CF&oldid=466200540"