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'''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' (also known as '''Real Madrid''', '''Los Blancos''', '''Los Merengues''') is a professional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Madrid]], Spain. It holds the record as the [[Football records in Spain|most successful club]] in [[Football in Spain|Spanish football]] and was voted by [[FIFA]] as the most successful one of the 20th century,<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (1991-2008)"> {{cite web |title = Real Madrid turns 106 (1991-2008) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730576269/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(1991-2008).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com| date = 2008-03-05 | accessdate = 2008-07-12|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> having won a record thirty-one La Liga titles, seventeen [[Copa del Rey|Spanish Cups]], a record nine [[UEFA Champions League|European Cups]] and two [[UEFA Cup]]s.<ref name="Madrid the masters of Europe"> {{cite web|title = Madrid the masters of Europe | url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=8192/newsid=3047.html | publisher = uefa.com | date = 2003-07-08 | accessdate = 2008-07-13}}</ref><ref name=EC>Up until 1992, the European football's premier club competition was the [[European Champion Clubs' Cup]]; since then, it has been the ''[[UEFA Champions League]]''.</ref> Real was a founding member of The [[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)]]<ref name="The History of FIFA"> {{cite web |title =The History of FIFA - Foundation | url = http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/historyfifa1.html | publisher = fifa.com | accessdate = 2008-07-27}}</ref> and the now-defunct [[G-14]] group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the [[European Club Association]].<ref>{{cite web|title = G-14 members|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/4819538.stm| publisher = BBC Sport| accessdate = 2008-09-21}}</ref>
'''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' (also known as '''Real Madrid''', '''Los Blancos''', '''Los Merengues''') is a professional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Madrid]], Spain. It holds the record as the [[Football records in Spain|most successful club]] in [[Football in Spain|Spanish football]] and was voted by [[FIFA]] as the most successful one of the 20th century,<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (1991-2008)"> {{cite web |title = Real Madrid turns 106 (1991-2008) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730576269/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(1991-2008).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com| date = 2008-03-05 | accessdate = 2008-07-12|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> having won a record thirty-one La Liga titles, seventeen [[Copa del Rey|Spanish Cups]], a record nine [[UEFA Champions League|European Cups]] and two [[UEFA Cup]]s.<ref name="Madrid the masters of Europe"> {{cite web|title = Madrid the masters of Europe | url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=8192/newsid=3047.html | publisher = uefa.com | date = 2003-07-08 | accessdate = 2008-07-13}}</ref><ref name=EC>Up until 1992, the European football's premier club competition was the [[European Champion Clubs' Cup]]; since then, it has been the ''[[UEFA Champions League]]''.</ref> Real was a founding member of The [[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)]]<ref name="The History of FIFA"> {{cite web |title =The History of FIFA - Foundation | url = http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/historyfifa1.html | publisher = fifa.com | accessdate = 2008-07-27}}</ref> and the now-defunct [[G-14]] group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the [[European Club Association]].<ref>{{cite web|title = G-14 members|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/4819538.stm| publisher = BBC Sport| accessdate = 2008-09-21}}</ref>


Founded in 1902, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt following the [[Spanish Civil War]]. During the 1950s, Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. During the second half of the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''), winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups.
Real Madrid is the best club team ever. Founded in 1902, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt following the [[Spanish Civil War]]. During the 1950s, Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. During the second half of the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''), winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups.


The club's traditional [[Kit (association football)|kit]] colours are all white. It has played its home professional games in the [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, the club members (''socios'') have owned and operated Real Madrid since its foundation.
The club's traditional [[Kit (association football)|kit]] colours are all white. It has played its home professional games in the [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, the club members (''socios'') have owned and operated Real Madrid since its foundation.

Revision as of 03:12, 2 November 2008

"Real Madrid" redirects here. For the basketball team, see Real Madrid Baloncesto.
Real Madrid
Real Madrid C.F. emblem
Full nameReal Madrid Club de Fútbol[1]
Nickname(s)Los Blancos (The Whites)
Los Galácticos
Los Merengues (The Meringues)[2]
Founded6 March 1902
(as Madrid Football Club)[3]
GroundSantiago Bernabéu
Madrid, Spain
Capacity80,354[1]
ChairmanSpain Ramón Calderón[4]
Head CoachGermany Bernd Schuster[5]
LeagueLa Liga
2007–08La Liga, 1st[6]
Current season

Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (also known as Real Madrid, Los Blancos, Los Merengues) is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. It holds the record as the most successful club in Spanish football and was voted by FIFA as the most successful one of the 20th century,[8] having won a record thirty-one La Liga titles, seventeen Spanish Cups, a record nine European Cups and two UEFA Cups.[9][10] Real was a founding member of The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)[11] and the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.[12]

Real Madrid is the best club team ever. Founded in 1902, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt following the Spanish Civil War. During the 1950s, Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. During the second half of the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as La Quinta del Buitre), winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups.

The club's traditional kit colours are all white. It has played its home professional games in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, the club members (socios) have owned and operated Real Madrid since its foundation.

Real Madrid maintains a large fanbase and holds numerous long-standing rivalries with several other clubs, the most notable with FC Barcelona with whom they biannually contest the El Clásico. The club is the world's richest football club (€351m) in terms of revenue and the second most valuable (worth over €950m as of 2008).[13][14]

History

Template:Details2

File:MadridFC1902.jpg
Real Madrid team in 1902

Football was introduced to Madrid by the professors and students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, who included several Oxbridge graduates.[3] They founded the club Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa.[3] This club split in 1900 into two different clubs: New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Club Español de Madrid. The latter club split again in 1902, resulting in the formation of Madrid Football Club on 6 March 1902.[3] Only three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first official title in the history of the club after defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final.[3] The team won the first of four consecutive Copa del Rey titles (at that time the only statewide competition).[3] The club became one of the founding sides of the Spanish Football Association on 4 January 1909, when club president Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA.[3] After moving among some minor grounds, in 1912, the team settled at the ground that came to be called "Campo de O'Donnell".[15] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[16]

In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid had leading the first edition until the last match of the season, but a loss to Athletic Bilbao at San Mamés kept Madrid from winning the title. They had to settle for runner-up, just one point behind Barcelona.[17] Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season. The Whites won the League again the following year, and thus became the first side to have won the championship twice.[18]

Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became president of Real Madrid in 1945.[19] Under his presidency, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt following the Spanish Civil War. Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from abroad, the most prominent of them being the signing of Alfredo di Stéfano. Thus, he built the world's first multinational side.[20]

In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by the French sports journalist and editor of L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot, and building upon the Copa Latina (a tournament involving clubs from France, Spain, Portugal and Italy), Bernabéu met in the Ambassador Hotel in Paris with Bedrignan and Gusztáv Sebes and created what today is known as the UEFA Champions League.[21] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960.[20] Winning the competition five consecutive times saw Real permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour.[22] The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating FK Partizan 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of nationally-born players (known as the Ye-yé team) – a first in the competition.[23] The name "Ye-yé" came from the "Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in the Beatles' song "She Loves You" after four members of the team posed for Diario Marca dressed in Beatles wigs. The Ye-yé generation was also European Cup runner-up in 1962 and 1964.

In the 1970s, Real Madrid won 5 league championships and 3 Spanish Cups.[24] In 1971, the club played it's first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final, being defeated by English side Chelsea F.C. with 2-1.[25] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago Bernabéu passed away while the World Cup was being played in Argentina. In his honor FIFA decreed three days of mourning during the tournament.[26] His death put an end to the one to whom credit can be given for transforming Real Madrid from the second most successful club in Madrid into the most successful in Spain, and one of the most successful in Europe. The following year, the club organized the first edition of Santiago Bernabéu Trophy in the memory of its former president.

File:Real Madrid UEFA Cup 1986.jpg
Real Madrid as UEFA Cup 1985-86 winner

By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the La Liga title until a new batch of home-grown stars started to back winning domestic titles.[27] Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias gave to this generation the name La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"), which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members, Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were Manuel Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza.[28] With La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for Zaragoza in 1986) Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups.[28]

In the early 1990s, La Quinta del Buitre split up after Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club. In 1996, President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach.[8] Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like Roberto Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl González, Fernando Hierro and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup. In 1998, under manager Jupp Heynckes, The Whites defeated Juventus 1–0 in the final thanks to a goal from Predrag Mijatović.[8][29]

Real Madrid's players celebrate their 2008 Supercopa de España title win.

In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president.[30] His campaign vowed to erase the club's debt and modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of Luís Figo.[31] The following year, the club controversially got its training ground rezoned and used the money to begin assembling the famous Galáctico side including players such as Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl González and David Beckham. It is debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite a European Cup win in 2002, followed by the League in 2003, the club failed to win a major trophy for the next three seasons.[32]

Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director.[8] Real Madrid won the La Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years.[33] However, Capello was dismissed in June 2007, and replaced by German manager and former player Bernd Schuster.[34][35] The Whites ended the 2007–08 season with the 31st league title and the first consecutive league title in eighteen years.[36]

Crest

Real's first crest

The first crest of Real Madrid had a simple design. It consisted of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the crest occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside a circle.[37] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the Presidency of Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time, King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage which came in the form of the title "Real", roughly translated as "Royal".[38] Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Futbol.[37] With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the symbols of the Royalty were eliminated. Therefore, the crown on the crest and the title of Real were removed. In its place, the dark mulberry band of the Region of Castile was added.[18] In 1941, two years after the end of the Civil War, the crest's "Real Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as well.[19] In addition, the colors were modified in that the crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Futbol.[37]

The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001 when the club wanted to better position itself for the twenty-first century and further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe to a more bluish shade.[37]

Colours

Real Madrid's original kit

Real Madrid has always worn white shirts and shorts, although it initially adopted a blue oblique stripe on the shirt (the design was kept in the club crest); but unlike today, dark blue socks were worn.[17][39] The striped shirt was replaced by an all-white version, modeled after the shirt worn by Corinthian F.C., in 1902.[9][40] In the same year, the blue socks were replaced by black ones. By the early 1940s the manager changed the kit again by adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast (which have remained ever since). On 23 November 1947, in a game against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium, Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.[19]

Real's traditional away colours are all black or all purple. The club's kit is currently manufactured by Adidas whose contract extends from 1998.[41][42] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor, Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1992.[43][44] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract with Teka and for one season used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote its website. Then, in 2002, a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the BenQ Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.[45] Real Madrid's current shirt sponsor is bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.[46][47]

Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor[43][44]
1980–1982 Adidas none
1982–1985 Zanussi
1985–1986 Parmalat
1986–1989 Hummel
1989–1990 Reny Picot
1990–1992 Otaysa
1992–1994 Teka
1994–1998 Kelme
1998–2001 Adidas
2001–2002 Realmadrid.com
2002–2005 Siemens Mobile
2005–2006 Siemens
2006–2007 BenQ Siemens
2007–present bwin.com

Stadiums

Main articles: Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, and Estadio Chamartín
File:Real2007.JPG
Real Madrid at Santiago Bernabéu during a 2007 match with Real Betis

After its foundation in 1902, the club moved in its first years between some minor grounds before moving to the Campo de O'Donnell in 1912.[15] This ground remained its home ground for eleven years. After this period, the club moved for one year to the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that, Real Madrid moved its home matches to the old Estadio Chamartín which was inaugurated on 17 May 1923 with a match against Newcastle United. In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.[17] After some successes, the 1943 elected president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín wasn't big enough for the ambitions of the club. A new stadium was built and was inaugurated on 14 December 1947.[19][48] This was the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is known today, although it didn't acquire this name until 1955.[20] The first match played in the new stadium was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club Belenenses and won by The Whites with 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.[19]

The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.[49][50] Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.[49] The last change was an increase of about five thousand to a capacity of 80,354, effected in 2003. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.[51]

The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World Cup final, the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cup finals and is due to host the 2010 Champions League Final.[52] The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line called Santiago Bernabéu. Its location, in the heart of Madrid's business district, is quite unusual for a football stadium.[53] The Bernabeu has recently been upgraded to Elite Football Stadium status by UEFA.[54]

On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated at the City of Madrid where Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the inaugural match 6–1 with goals from Sergio Ramos, Cassano (2), Soldado (2), and Jurado. The venue is now part of the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is where Real Madrid Castilla play all their home matches. It is named after former Real footballer Alfredo di Stéfano.[55]

Statistics and records

Main article: Real Madrid C.F. statistics
Among Real Madrid's current players, Raúl González has made the most appearances and scored the most goals.

Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo holds the record for Real Madrid appearances, having played 710 first-team matches between 1983 and 2001.[56] Forward Santillana comes second, having played 643 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by Iker Casillas, with 418 appearances. With 127 caps (47 while at the club), Luís Figo of Portugal is Real's most capped international player.[57]

Alfredo di Stéfano is the club's all-time top goalscorer, with 307 goals in 396 games between 1953 and 1964.[58] Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl González (also of Real Madrid) in 2005. Di Stéfano also holds the club record for most goals scored in the league, with 216. Real Madrid's current top-scorer is Raúl González with 209 in the league[59] and 299 in all competitions.

Officially, Real Madrid's highest home attendance is 83,329 for a Copa del Rey match in 2006. The current legal capacity of Santiago Bernabéu is 80,354.[60] The club's average attendance in 2007–08 season was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues.[61] Real have also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (31 as of 2007–08) and the most seasons won in a row (5, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[62]

The Whites also hold the record for winning UEFA Champions League nine times and for the most semi-final appearances (21).[63] Raúl González is the all-time UEFA Champions League top scorer, with 63 goals. The team has the record number of consecutive participation in the Champions' Cup with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70. The fee of €76 million (over $100 million, £45.8 million) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2001 is the highest ever paid in the history of football.[9][64] The club's record sale came on 1 September 2008 , when they sold Robinho to Manchester City for €42 million (£32.5 million).[65]

Supporters and rivalries

Template:Details3

Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match

During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season ticket holders, of which there are average of 68,670.[1] In order to become a season ticket holder one must first be a socio, or club member. Not all members are able to get a season ticket. In addition to members, the club has more than 1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real Madrid has the first highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly attract over 65,000 fans to Santiago Bernabéu; it was the second best-supported La Liga team in the 2004–05 season, with an average gate of 71,900.[66] The club has a large and diverse fanbase, who hold some long-standing rivalries with other clubs; most notably with FC Barcelona, with whom it regularly contests El Clásico.

Some of Real Madrid's hardcore fans are the so-called Ultras Sur supporters. They are known for their right-wing politics. The Ultras Sur have developed an alliance with some S.S. Lazio Irriducibili fans. On several occasions they have racially abused opposing players, and have been investigated by UEFA for doing so.[67][68]

The rivalry with FC Barcelona projects what some regard as the political tensions felt between Castilians and Catalans.[69] During the 1950s, the rivalry was intensified further when the clubs disputed the signing of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key in the subsequent success achieved by the club.[70] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice at the European Cup, Real Madrid winning in 1960 and FC Barcelona winning in 1961. In 2000, the rivalry was reinforced following the controversial decision by Luís Figo to leave FC Barcelona and sign for Real Madrid.[71] The two teams met again in the 2002 UEFA Champions League semi-final. Real Madrid, the eventual champion, won the clash dubbed by Spanish media as the Match of the Century. As the two biggest and most successful clubs in Spain, the rivalry is renewed on an annual basis with both teams often challenging each other for the league championship. The flashpoint of this rivalry is the twice-a-season El Clásico which draws vast audiences from around the world.[72]

The club's nearest neighbour is Atlético Madrid, which is also seen as a viable rival by Real Madrid fans. Although Atlético was originally founded by three Basque students in 1903, it was joined in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. Further tensions came because initially Real supporters came from the middle class while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the working class. Today these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for the first time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first League Championship at the former Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.[17] The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup when the two clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay and The Whites won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach José Villalonga, it defeated The Whites in two successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[73]

Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered it any serious challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more recent times is very favorable.[74] A high point coming in the 2002–03 season, when The Whites clinched the La Liga title after beating Atlético 4–0 at the Vicente Calderón Stadium.[75]

Budget

It was with the advent of Florentino Pérez in 2000 that Real Madrid really started harbouring its present-day ambition of becoming the world's topmost money-spinning professional football club. The club ceded part of its training grounds to the City of Madrid in 2001 and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol YPF, Mutua Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. This wiped out its debts and paved the way for the club to continue to buy the world's most expensive players such as Zinedine Zidane, Luis Figo, Ronaldo and David Beckham, paving way to the Galáctico era. The City of Madrid had rezoned the training grounds for development, a process which in turn increased its value, and then bought the site.[32] The criticisms allege (although there is no evidence to the allegation) that the City of Madrid corruptly overpaid for the property to assist in turning around the club's financial fortunes.[76]

The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of €270m and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree which brought big-name players to the club. Moreover, the money gained was spent on a state-of-the-art training complex on the city's outskirts.[77]

After the 2004–05 season, Real Madrid have ended Manchester United's eight-year reign as the biggest earners in world football. Real's income to the year ending 30 June 2005 jumped 17 per cent to €275.7m (£190m)[78]

In January 2007, Real Madrid paid their debts of €224 million and fell to second spot behind Manchester United. However, they reached the top again in March by getting massive image rights of €762 million. Manchester United's debt was €872 million in 2007, down from €1.25 billion in 2005.[79]

In September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable Football brand in Europe by BBDO,[80] and is currently ranked as the second most valuable club in football with a value of €951 mil (£640 million / $1.285 billion) as of May 2008.[81] Also, it is still the richest club in football with a revenue of €351 mil (£236 million / $474 million).[14][81]

Players

Current squad

See also: Real Madrid C.F. season 2008–09 § Squad information

Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the ACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.

As of 3 September 2008.[1][82][83]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Spain ESP Iker Casillas (vice-captain)
2 DF Spain ESP Míchel Salgado
3 DF Portugal POR Pepe
4 DF Spain ESP Sergio Ramos
5 DF Italy ITA Fabio Cannavaro
6 MF Mali MLI Mahamadou Diarra
7 FW Spain ESP Raúl (captain)
8 MF Argentina ARG Fernando Gago
9 FW Argentina ARG Javier Saviola
10 MF Netherlands NED Wesley Sneijder
11 MF Netherlands NED Arjen Robben
12 DF Brazil BRA Marcelo
No. Pos. Nation Player
13 GK Spain ESP Jordi Codina
14 MF Spain ESP Guti (vice-captain)
15 MF Netherlands NED Royston Drenthe
16 DF Argentina ARG Gabriel Heinze
17 FW Netherlands NED Ruud van Nistelrooy
18 MF Spain ESP Rubén de la Red
20 FW Argentina ARG Gonzalo Higuaín
21 DF Germany GER Christoph Metzelder
22 DF Spain ESP Miguel Torres
23 MF Netherlands NED Rafael van der Vaart
24 MF Spain ESP Javi García
25 GK Poland POL Jerzy Dudek

From the youth system

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
32 MD Spain ESP [[|]]
27 DF Spain ESP Javier Velayos
28 FW Spain ESP Alberto Bueno
No. Pos. Nation Player
29 GK Spain ESP Felipe
30 GK Spain ESP Antonio Adán
31 DF Spain ESP Pedro

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
- DF Argentina ARG Ezequiel Garay (at Racing de Santander)
- MF Spain ESP Dani Parejo (at Queens Park Rangers)

Notable players

Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. players
For a list of all former and current Real Madrid players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:Real Madrid C.F. players.

Managers

For a full list of Real Madrid managers, see List of Real Madrid C.F. managers.

There have been 41 managers of Real Madrid since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Arthur Johnson in 1910. The longest-running manager in terms of time and games is Miguel Muñoz (1960–1974) with 604 matches. Current manager, German Bernd Schuster, is Real's most successful permanent manager in terms of percentage of wins with 71.11% (as of 18 October 2008), while Jacinto Quincoces is team's least successful (37.21%).

Only managers who have won at least one trophy are mentioned.[84][85]
Name Period Trophies Total
Domestic International
LC SC SS LC CL UC USC IC
England Arthur Johnson 1910–20
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Hungary Lippo Hertzka 1930–32
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Austria Robert Firsth 1932–34
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Spain Francisco Bru 1934–41
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Spain Jacinto Quincoces 1945–46, 1947–48
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Spain Baltasar Albéniz 1946–47, 1950–51
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Uruguay Enrique Fernández 1953–54
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Spain José Villalonga 1954–57
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
Argentina Luis Carniglia 1957–59, 1959
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
Spain Miguel Muñoz 1959, 1960–74
9
2
0
0
2
0
0
1
14
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Miljan Miljanić 1974–77
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vujadin Boškov 1979–82
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Spain Luis Molowny 1974, 1977–79, 1982, 1985–86
3
3
0
1
0
2
0
0
9
Netherlands Leo Beenhakker 1986–89, 1992
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
Wales John Toshack 1989–90, 1999
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
Argentina Alfredo di Stéfano 1990–91
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Spain Benito Floro Sanz 1992–94
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
Spain Vicente del Bosque 1994, 1999–03
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
7
Argentina Jorge Valdano 1994–96
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Italy Fabio Capello 1996–97, 2006–07
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Germany Jupp Heynckes 1997–98
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
Netherlands Guus Hiddink 1998–99
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Portugal Carlos Queiróz 2003–04
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Germany Bernd Schuster 2007–
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2

Presidents

Since its foundation, Real Madrid has been owned and operated only by its club members (all Spanish) called socios, unlike most European football clubs. Santiago Bernabéu Yeste remains the longest-running president of The Whites (35 years, from 1943 to 1978). On July 2000, former Real's player Alfredo di Stéfano is appointed Honourary President of the club.[86]

As of 21 September 2008.[87]
Ramón Calderón, current president of Real Madrid
Name From To
Spain Julián Palacios 1900 1902
Spain Juan Padrós 1902 1904
Spain Carlos Padrós 1904 1908
Spain Adolfo Meléndez 1908 1916
Spain Pedro Parages 1916 1926
Spain Luis de Urquijo 1926 1930
Spain Luis Usera 1930 1935
Spain Rafael Sánchez Guerra 1935 1936
Spain Adolfo Meléndez 1936 1940
Spain Antonio Santos Peralba 1940 1943
Spain Santiago Bernabéu Yeste 1943 1978
Spain Luis de Carlos 1978 1985
Spain Ramón Mendoza 1985 1995
Spain Lorenzo Sanz 1995 2000
Spain Florentino Pérez 2000 2006
Spain Ramón Calderón 2006 -

Honours

For more details on this topic, see Real Madrid C.F. honours.

Historically, Real Madrid is the Spain's most successful team, having won 57 domestic trophies, and one of the most recognized football clubs in the world, having won 18 European trophies, making them the second most winning team in Europe and third in the world for official international competition won, all recognized by UEFA and FIFA. The club was placed first in the FIFA Clubs of the 20th Century's selection on 23 December 2000.[88] It also received the FIFA Order of Merit in 2004.[89] Added to this, Real is allowed to wear the UEFA Badge of Honour on their shirt during UEFA Champions League matches as they have won more than five European Cups.[22]

Domestic

Winners (31 – record): 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08
Runners-up (17): 1928–29, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06
Winners (17): 1904–05, 1905–06, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1916–17, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93
Runners-up (19): 1902–03, 1915–16, 1917–18, 1923–24, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1939–40, 1942–43, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–68, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04
Winners (8 – record): 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008
Runners-up (3): 1982, 1995, 2007
(* Won Copa del Rey and La Liga)
Winners (1): 1984–85
Runners-up (1): 1982–83

International

Winners (9 – record): 1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02.
Runners-up (3): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81
(* First ever winners)
Winners (3 – record): 1960, 1998, 2002
Runners-up (2): 1966, 2000
Winners (2): 1984–85, 1985–86
Runners-up (2): 1970–71, 1982–83
Winners (1): 2002
Runners-up (2): 1998, 2000

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol" (in Spanish). Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
  2. ^ "Real Madrid Football Club". Madrid Tourist Guide. Retrieved 2008-07-11. In Spanish, the players are nicknamed ‘Los Merengues’ meaning literally ‘the meringues’ which applies to their white strip.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first official title (1900-1910)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  4. ^ "Presidentes - Ramón Calderón" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  5. ^ "Entrenadores - Bernd Schuster" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  6. ^ Laura Navas (2008-05-04). "¡Campeones de Liga!" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  7. ^ "Real Madrid closes out its best fiscal year in history". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  8. ^ a b c d Luís Miguel González (2008-03-05). "Real Madrid turns 106 (1991-2008)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  9. ^ a b c "Madrid the masters of Europe". uefa.com. 2003-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  10. ^ Up until 1992, the European football's premier club competition was the European Champion Clubs' Cup; since then, it has been the UEFA Champions League.
  11. ^ "The History of FIFA - Foundation". fifa.com. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
  12. ^ "G-14 members". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
  13. ^ "United rise but Real Madrid stays top". Deloitte UK. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  14. ^ a b "Soccer Team Valuations". forbes.com. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
  15. ^ a b "History - Chapter 1 - From the Estrada Lot to the nice, little O'Donnel pitch". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  16. ^ Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu's debut to the title of Real (1911-1920)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  17. ^ a b c d Luís Miguel González (2007-02-28). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921-1930)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  18. ^ a b Luís Miguel González. "The first two-time champion of the League (1931-1940)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  19. ^ a b c d e Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu begins his office as President building the new Chamartín Stadium (1941-1950)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  20. ^ a b c Luís Miguel González. "An exceptional decade (1951-1960)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  21. ^ Matthew Spiro (2006-05-12). "Hats off to Hanot". uefa.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  22. ^ a b "Regulations of the UEFA Champions League" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 2008-07-12.; Page 4, §2.01 "Cup" & Page 26, §16.10 "Title-holder logo"
  23. ^ Luís Miguel González. "The generational reshuffle was successful (1961-1970)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g "Trophy Room". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  25. ^ "European Competitions 1971". RSSS. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  26. ^ "Santiago Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  27. ^ "The "Quinta del Buitre" era begins". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  28. ^ a b Luís Miguel González (2008-03-05). "1981-1990 - Five straight League titles and a new record". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  29. ^ "1991-2000 - From Raúl González to the turn of the new millennium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  30. ^ "Florentino Pérez era" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  31. ^ "Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 2000-07-24. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  32. ^ a b "2001-Present - Real Madrid surpasses the century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  33. ^ Cristina Monge (2007-06-18). "Real Madrid 3-1 Mallorca". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  34. ^ "Real Madrid sack manager Capello". BBC Sport. 2007-06-28. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  35. ^ Javier Palomino (2007-07-09). "Signing the contract". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  36. ^ "Frist consecutive league title in eighteen years". Realmadrid.com. 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  37. ^ a b c d "Historia del Escudo" (in Spanish). realmadrid-futbol.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  38. ^ "Presidents - Pedro Parages". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  39. ^ "Equipación" (in Spanish). realmadrid-futbol.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  40. ^ Real Madrid kit in 1905 was all-white, so the supporters start calling the players as Los Blancos
  41. ^ Álvaro Velasco (2006-12-01). "Leaders in sporting goods". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12. Ramón Calderón says: We began working with Adidas again in 1998
  42. ^ "Our Sponsors - Adidas". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  43. ^ a b "Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1902-1989)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  44. ^ a b "Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1991-2008)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  45. ^ "BenQ Mobile Scores As Real Madrid's New Major Sponsor". Realmadrid.com. 2005-11-08. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  46. ^ Juan José López Soto (2008-06-11). "Real Madrid and Bwin sign sponsorship agreement". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  47. ^ "Our Sponsors - bwin.com". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  48. ^ "History - Chapter 3 - The New Chamartin, an exemplary stadium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  49. ^ a b "60th Anniversary". Realmadrid.com. 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2008-07-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authoer= ignored (help)
  50. ^ "History - Chapter 4". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  51. ^ "History - Chapter 10 - The future". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  52. ^ Alvaro Velasco (2008-03-28). "Final at the Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  53. ^ "Santiago Bernabéu station" (in Spanish). Metromadrid.es. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  54. ^ "The Bernabéu is now Elite". Realmadrid.com. 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2008-07-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authoer= ignored (help)
  55. ^ "This one's for you, Alfredo!". Realmadrid.com. 2006-05-10. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  56. ^ "Legends - Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuela". realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  57. ^ "FIFA Century Club" (PDF). fifa.com. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  58. ^ Javier Palomino (2008-02-14). "The life of di Stéfano II". realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  59. ^ "Real Madrid CF - Topscorers since 1929-2008 (Campeonato Nacional de Liga)". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
  60. ^ "Attendances Spain average - Primera Division 2007-2008". European Football Statistics. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
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  63. ^ "History". Uefa.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  64. ^ "Zidane makes record Real switch". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  65. ^ "Man City beat Chelsea to Robinho". BBC Sport. 2008-09-01. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  66. ^ On the first place was FC Barcelona with an average gate of 76,000.
  67. ^ "Real supporters reported to Spanish FA". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  68. ^ "UEFA investigate Real Madrid supporters". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  69. ^ "The Politics Of Real Madrid Football Club". Madrid-tourist-guide.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  70. ^ Jimmy Burns: Barca, a people's passion, Bloomsbury Publishing, London 1999, p31-34
  71. ^ "Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 2000-07-24. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  72. ^ "El Clásico - Real Madrid vs. Barcelona" (in Spanish). Marca.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  73. ^ Real won El Derbi madrileño for 75 times.
  74. ^ Álvaro Velasco (2008-01-17). "One for the ages". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  75. ^ "The derby turns 78". Realmadrid.com. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  76. ^ "EU investigates Real Madrid property deal". independent.co.uk. 2004-03-04. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
  77. ^ "'Mistakes are forbidden'". CNN/Sports Illustrated. 2001-05-08. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
  78. ^ "Real Madrid end United reign as the game's biggest earner". Realmadrid.com. 2005-10-06. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  79. ^ "2007 European football clubs debts and revenues". Forbes. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
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  81. ^ a b "The Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
  82. ^ "Official shirt numbers". Realmadrid.com. 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  83. ^ "Real Madrid CF". uefa.com. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  84. ^ "Coaches". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  85. ^ "Aquí están todos los entrenadores del Real Madrid" (in Spanish). Historialago.com. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  86. ^ "The life of Di Stéfano IV". Realmadrid.com. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
  87. ^ "Presidents". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
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  89. ^ "Celebrations mark the opening of FIFA Centennial Congress in Paris, FIFA's birthplace". fifa.com. 2004-05-20. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  90. ^ The trophy was known as Copa de Campeones (1940), Copa de Oro Argentina (1945), Copa Eva Duarte (1947-53) and Supercopa de España (1982-present)
  91. ^ "Trofeos de Futbol" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 2008-07-12.

Further reading

  • Dénes, Tamás & Rochy, Zoltán (2002). Real Madrid. Aréna 2000. ISBN 963861675X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ball, Phil (2003 New edition). Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football. WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-954-01346-8. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Ball, Phil (2003). White Storm: The Story of Real Madrid. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-763-8.
  • McManaman, Steve & Edworthy, Sarah (2003). El Macca: Four Years with Real Madrid. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-743-48920-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Luis Miguel González, Luis González López, Fundación Real Madrid (2002). Real Madrid: Cien años de leyenda, 1902-2002. Everest. ISBN 842419215X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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