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| Released = {{Start date|1998|03|03}}
| Released = {{Start date|1998|03|03}}
| Recorded = May–September 1997
| Recorded = May–September 1997
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]-[[Rock music|rock]], [[dance-pop]]<ref name="allmusic" />
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rock music|electronic rock]], [[dance-pop]]<ref name="allmusic" />
| Length = 66:54
| Length = 66:54
| Label = [[Maverick Records|Maverick]], [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]
| Label = [[Maverick Records|Maverick]], [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]

Revision as of 05:04, 15 August 2010

For other uses, see Ray of Light (disambiguation).
Untitled

Ray of Light is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna, released on March 3, 1998 by Maverick Records. After giving birth to her daughter Lourdes, Madonna collaborated with Patrick Leonard and William Orbit in developing the album. After failed sessions with other producers, Madonna pursued a new musical direction with Orbit and incorporated his extensive usage of trance and electronic music in her songs. The recording took place over four months, but experienced problems with the Pro Tools arrangement by Orbit as well as the absence of live bands.

However, upon release, the album was lauded by contemporary critics as a music masterpiece of the decade. Reviewers complimented the album for its mature, restrained nature as well as commending Madonna's musical direction, calling it her "most adventurous" record. Commercially, the album was a success on the world charts, peaking at number one in numerous countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and mainland Europe. On the US Billboard 200, the album debuted and peaked at number two. In 1999, Ray of Light won four Grammy Award from a total of six nominations. Rolling Stone magazine listed the album as one of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. With the global sales of 20 million copies, Ray of Light became one of the most commercially successful albums of the 1990s.

Five singles were released from the album. The first single "Frozen" was an international success, as was the second one, "Ray of Light", which won a number of awards for its music video. Madonna has performed songs from this album on all of her world tours since it was released. The supporting tour for the album, Drowned World Tour, was supposed to start in 1999, but was delayed until 2001.

Development

File:Madonna-brent-murray.jpg
Madonna performing "Frozen" on the Re-Invention World Tour.

The working title for this album was The Drowned World, inspired by the novel by J. G. Ballard. It was primarily produced by Madonna, William Orbit, and Patrick Leonard. The album featured a new musical direction for Madonna, as well as personal lyrics about motherhood, fame, and spirituality. Madonna's vocal range was also stronger, because of the voice training she underwent during Evita.[2] Madonna began writing songs with Leonard in 1997, the first time the two had worked together since "I'll Remember", three years earlier. Unlike her previous albums, Leonard's song writing collaborations were accompanied by very little studio input. Madonna believed that Leonard's production "would have lent the songs more of a Peter Gabriel vibe", a sound that she did not want for the album.[3]

Madonna began working on Ray of Light in May 1997, meeting with Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, whom she had previously worked with on her 1994 album Bedtime Stories. The two wrote a couple of songs together before Madonna decided the collaborations were not going in the musical direction she wanted for the album. According to Edmonds, the songs "had a 'Take a Bow-ish' kind of vibe, and Madonna didn't want, or need, to repeat herself."[3] After abandoning the songs she had written with Edmonds, Madonna turned to musician Rick Nowels, who had previously co-written songs with Stevie Nicks and Celine Dion. The collaboration produced seven songs in three days, but did not display the album's future electronic musical direction.[4] Instead, Madonna took her collaborations with Nowels and Leonard to British electronic music musician William Orbit. Madonna had been a fan of Orbit's work, and loved the "sort of trancy, ambient quality" he gave to the songs he worked on.[5] She began working with Orbit after he had sent her tapes of musical snippets he was working on, which were usually eight or sixteen-bar phrases and stripped down versions of tracks that would later be heard on the album. Madonna would listen to the samples over and over again until she would be inspired to write lyrics. Once she had an idea about the lyrical direction of the song, she would take her ideas back to Orbit, and they would expand on the original music ideas. The album's title track "Ray of Light" was the only song on the album that Madonna did not have anything to do with creatively, and the last track, "Mer Girl", was the only other song where Madonna did not compose the music along with her collaborators, writing only the lyrics.[3]

Recording

"Frozen" (1998)
A slow tempo dance track featuring Madonna's voice over layers of string arrangements and synthesizers.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The album was recorded over four and a half months in Los Angeles, California in 1997, the longest Madonna had ever worked on an album. For most of the recording process, only three other people were in the studio with Madonna: William Orbit, engineer Pat McCarthy, and his assistant engineer, Matt Silva.[3] The recording process was initially plagued with machinery problems, as Orbit preferred to work with samples, synth sounds, and Pro Tools, and not with live musicians. The computers would break down, and recording would have to be delayed until they could be repaired. Orbit recorded the bulk of the album's instrumentation over the four-month period. Orbit recalls playing the guitar and having his fingers bleed during the long hours he spent in the studio.[3] After some errors in her pronunciation of Sanskrit shlokas on Ray of Light, the BBC, London, arranged for her to take telephonic lessons to learn the basic correct pronunciation of Sanskrit words from eminent scholar Dr B P T Vagish Shastri. She then made the necessary pronunciation corrections on the album.

Madonna performed "Drowned World/Substitute for Love", "Ray of Light", "Candy Perfume Girl", "Sky Fits Heaven", "Frozen", and "Mer Girl" on her 2001 Drowned World Tour;[6] "Frozen" on her 2004 Re-Invention World Tour;[7] "Ray of Light" and "Drowned World/Substitute for Love" on her 2006 Confessions Tour[8], "Ray of Light" and "Frozen" on her 2008/09 Sticky & Sweet Tour.[9] (Note: "Frozen" was performed during the 2009 leg of the tour only)

Critical response and awards

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[1]
Blender[10]
Entertainment Weekly(A-)[11]
Los Angeles Times(Positive)[12]
Melody Maker(Positive)[13]
Q magazine(Positive)[12]
Rolling Stone[14]
Slant Magazine[15]
Spin(Positive)[12]
The Guardian[16]

Upon release, the album received positive responses from international music critics. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine described the album as "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and stated that: "Its lyrics are uncomplicated but its statement is grand" and "Madonna hadn't been this emotionally candid since Like A Prayer".[15] Roni Sarig, in an editorial review for Amazon.com, stated that Ray of Light "is her richest, most accomplished record yet."[17] He was most impressed by Madonna's vocal range, depth, and clarity which had become stronger since her voice lessons for the film Evita (1996). Spin magazine declared Madonna's new album to be her "most radical, mask-free work."[12] Rob Sheffield's review for Rolling Stone was mostly positive, but he did point out the weak aspects of the album. Sheffield called the album "brilliant", but was critical of Orbit's production, stating that he "doesn't know enough tricks to fill a whole CD, so he repeats himself something fierce."[14] Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic called Ray of Light Madonna's "most adventurous record" and her "most mature and restrained album." In his review he gave the album four out of five stars.[1] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly gave the album an A- stating "For all her grapplings with self-enlightenment, Madonna seems more relaxed and less contrived than she's been in years, from her new Italian earth-mother makeover to, especially, her music. Ray of Light is truly like a prayer, and you know she'll take you there."[11] Writing for Melody Maker in February 1998, Mark Roland drew comparisons with the music of St Etienne and Björk's Homogenic album, highlighting Ray of Light's lack of cynicism as its most positive aspect; "It's not an album turned on the lathe of cynical pop manipulation, rather it's been squished out of a lump of clay on a foot-powered wheel. Lovingly teased into life, "Ray Of Light" is like the ugly mug that doesn't match but is all the more special because of it."[13] Los Angeles Times wrote, "One reason why her new 'Ray of Light' is the most satisfying album of her career is that it reflects the soul-searching of a woman who is at a point in her life where she can look at herself with surprising candour and prespective."[12] Joan Anderman from The Boston Globe said that Ray of Light is a remarkable album. He stated, "It's a deeply spiritual dance record, ecstatically textured, a sumptuous, serious cycle of songs that goes a long way toward liberating Madonna from a career built on scavenged images and cultivated identities.[18]

In 1999, Ray of Light received a total of six Grammy Award nominations and won four of them. The album won "Best Pop Vocal Album" and "Best Recording Package", and was nominated for "Album of the Year."[19] In addition, the album's title track won "Best Dance Recording" and "Best Short Form Music Video," and was nominated for "Record of the Year."[19] At the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, Madonna also won six awards from a total of nine nominations. She also won "Best Album" and "Best Female Artist" at the MTV Europe Music Awards 1998. In 2002, VH1 viewers in the United Kingdom voted Ray of Light as the tenth greatest album of all time. That year Rolling Stone readers also voted the album as the twenty-ninth best recording ever. Later, the magazine listed Ray of Light at number 363 on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time."[20]

Chart performance

"Nothing Really Matters" (1998)
Co-written with Patrick Leonard, this dance track describe how nothing but love really matters. It became the fourth top-ten single in the UK from the album.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In the United States, Ray of Light debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart on the issue dated March 21, 1998 selling 371,000 copies during the first week. It was not able to top the Titanic soundtrack album that sold 478,000 copies during that week. It became her second album to debut at number two, following Erotica in 1992. Ray of Light was present on the chart for seventy-eight weeks.[21] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it 4× Platinum on March 16, 2000, for shipment of 4,000,000 copies of the album. In Canada, the album debuted at number one[21] and was certified 7× Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA), indicating shipments of 700,000 copies.[22]

Ray of Light also debuted at number one in Australia and became Madonna's seventh album to reach the top spot.[23] It was certified 3× Platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) denoting shipment of 310,000 copies. In Germany, the album reached number one, and remained there for seven weeks, where it achieved 3× Platinum status[24] for shipment of 1,500,000 copies of the album.[25] It has since become Madonna's highest selling album in Germany. Ray of Light failed to reach the top position in France, managing to reach number two, and remained for seven weeks. The Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique certified it 3× Platinum, for shipments of 1,000,000 copies of the album.[26] In the United Kingdom, Ray of Light debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, remaining in the top spot for two weeks. In January 2003, the album was certified 6× Platinum with 1,897,000 copies sold.[citation needed]

Across Europe, Ray of Light reached number one in Belgium, Finland, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland.[27] The album received 7× Platinum status from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for shipment of 7,000,000 copies of the album in Europe.[28] Worldwide, Ray of Light sold over 20 million copies, becoming one of the best selling albums in the 1990s.[29]

Singles

Madonna performing "Ray of Light" from the album on the Confessions Tour

"Frozen", the lead single from the album, became Madonna's eighth number one single on the UK Singles Chart, and reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100.[30] Co-written by Patrick Leonard, the song featured Madonna's vocals over layers of string arrangements and synthesizers. In 2005, a Belgian court ruled that the opening four-bar theme to the song was plagiarized from the song "Ma vie fout le camp", composed by Salvatore Acquaviva. The ruling forbade the sale of the single and the entire Ray of Light album, as well as other compilations that included the track in Belgium.[31]

The second single, "Ray of Light", based on the track "Sepheryn", written by Clive Maldoon & Dave Curtiss (Curtiss Maldoon) in the 70s, was 20 years later reworked by Maldoon's cousin Christine Ann Leach and William Orbit and featured a combination of high-energy techno sounds and electric guitar riffs. It debuted at No. 2 in the UK[32] and was certified Silver.[33] It reached the top 5 in the US,[34] where it received a Gold award.[35] The song was also a dance hit in the US, remaining at number one for four weeks, and became the top Hot Dance Club Play single of 1998.[34] The song was nominated for "Record of the Year" at the 1999 Grammy Awards, but lost to Celine Dion's "My Heart Will Go On."[19]

"Drowned World/Substitute for Love" became the third release outside of North America, and was a top-ten hit in the UK.[32] The music video, directed by Walter Stern, caused controversy due to scenes that featured Madonna being chased by paparazzi on motor-bikes, a scenario similar to Princess Diana's death in 1997.[36]

The fourth single, "The Power of Good-Bye", a ballad reflecting on a painful breakup, became a modest chart success, peaking at number six in the UK, and number eleven in the US[34] It was released in the UK with "Little Star", a song about Madonna's daughter, as an AA side. Its music video, directed by Matthew Rolston, caused controversy due to its ending that featured Madonna possibly committing suicide in the water and coming back into life.

"Nothing Really Matters", the fifth and final single release, became a top-ten hit in the UK, reaching number seven.[32] In the US, however, the song became Madonna's lowest-charting single on the Hot 100, although it reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart.[34] Its music video, directed by Johan Renck, was inspired by Arthur Golden's book Memoirs of a Geisha, and featured Madonna dressed as a geisha.[37]

"Sky Fits Heaven" was also made a promotional single in 1998. Remixes commisioned by Sasha and Victor Calderone lead the song to become a success on the US dance charts, and these remixes were also included as b-sides to "Drowned World/Substitute for Love" in Europe.

Promotion

Main article: Drowned World Tour

Madonna has made several performances to promote the album. She appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1998 and performed the second single "Ray of Light" alongside "Little Star." Madonna also performed "Nothing Really Matters" at 1999 Grammy Awards where the album achieved four awards. Ray of Light was also performed with Lenny Kravitz at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards. At the MTV Europe Music Awards, Madonna performed the album's fourth single "The Power of Good-Bye." "Sky Fits Heaven" was released as a promotional single in 1998. The song was initially the B-side to the third single "Drowned World/Substitute for Love." The song received moderate success on the clubs, peaking at number 41 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. Ray of Light received further promotion on the Drowned World Tour. It was supposed to start in 1999, but was delayed until 2001.

Rays of Light

In 1999, the music video compilation album Rays of Light was released, compiling videos from Ray of Light.

  1. "Frozen"
  2. "Ray of Light"
  3. "Drowned World/Substitute for Love"
  4. "The Power of Good-Bye"
  5. "Nothing Really Matters"


Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Drowned World/Substitute for Love"Madonna, William Orbit, Rod McKuen, Anita Kerr, David CollinsMadonna, William Orbit5:09
2."Swim"Madonna, W. OrbitMadonna, William Orbit5:00
3."Ray of Light"Madonna, W. Orbit, Clive Maldoon, Dave Curtiss, Christine Ann LeachMadonna, William Orbit5:21
4."Candy Perfume Girl"Madonna, W. Orbit, Susannah MelvoinMadonna, William Orbit4:34
5."Skin"Madonna, Patrick LeonardMadonna, William Orbit, Marius DeVries6:22
6."Nothing Really Matters"Madonna, P. LeonardMadonna, William Orbit, Marius DeVries4:27
7."Sky Fits Heaven"Madonna, P. LeonardMadonna, William Orbit, Patrick Leonard4:48
8."Shanti/Ashtangi"Madonna, W. OrbitMadonna, William Orbit4:29
9."Frozen"Madonna, P. LeonardMadonna, William Orbit, Patrick Leonard6:12
10."The Power of Good-Bye"Madonna, Rick NowelsMadonna, William Orbit, Patrick Leonard4:10
11."To Have and Not to Hold"Madonna, R. NowelsMadonna, William Orbit, Patrick Leonard5:23
12."Little Star"Madonna, R. NowelsMadonna, Marius DeVries5:18
13."Mer Girl"Madonna, W. OrbitMadonna, William Orbit5:32

Japanese bonus track

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
14."Has to Be"Madonna, W. Orbit, P. LeonardMadonna, William Orbit5:17

Additional notes

  • "Drowned World/Substitute for Love": contains a sample of "Why I Follow The Tigers" performed by the San Sebastian Strings.
  • "Shanti/Ashtangi": adapted from text by Shankaracharya, taken from the Yoga Taravali. Additional text: Traditional, Translation by Vyass Houston and Eddie Stern.
  • "Mer Girl": contains an interpolation and elements from "Space" performed by Gábor Szabó.
  • "Has to Be": was also available as the B-side to the "Ray of Light" single.
  • Melodies (various) and samples taken from performer/songwriter Michael Evolga - Courtesy of Capitol Records, not credited.

Charts and certifications

Notes:

  • 1 contains the regular album with a bonus disc titled "Words & Music", containing interviews.

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by
Titanic by Various Artists
 UK Albums Chart number-one album
March 14, 1998 – March 27, 1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Australian Albums Chart number-one album
March 15, 1998 – March 21, 1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Titanic by Various Artists
 Canadian Albums Chart number-one album
March 16, 1998 – March 23, 1998 		Succeeded by
Titanic by Various Artists
European Top 100 Albums number-one album
March 28, 1998 – April 4, 1998

Release details

All editions released by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records.
Release format Country Release date
Regular album United Kingdom/Germany March 2, 1998
Limited edition album United Kingdom/Germany March 1998
Double-vinyl album United Kingdom/Germany March 2, 1998
Cassette album[60] United Kingdom/Germany March 2, 1998
Mini-disc album[61] United Kingdom/Germany March 2, 1998
Regular album[62] North America March 3, 1998
Limited edition album[63] North America March 1998
Japanese album[64] Japan February 22, 1998
Japanese double album1[65] Japan September 8, 1999
Japanese vinyl album [66] Japan February 1998

Credits and personnel

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (March 6, 1998). "allmusic ((( Ray of Light > Overview )))". Allmusic]. Macrovision Corporation. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  2. ^ Amazon.com: Ray of Light: Madonna: Music
  3. ^ a b c d e Walter, Barry. Spin. "Most Daring In Years", April 1998.
  4. ^ Madonna-Online.ch. Discography — Ray of Light. Retrieved May 23, 2006.
  5. ^ Anderson, Gina. Madonna Village Reproducing Juice Magazine "Mystic Eyes", 1998. Retrieved May 23, 2006.
  6. ^ "Drowned World Tour: Live From Detroit: 2001". HMV. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  7. ^ Madonna. I'm Going to Tell You a Secret (DVD). Warner Home Video.
  8. ^ Madonna. The Confessions Tour (DVD). Warner Home Video.
  9. ^ "Madonna's 'Sticky & Sweet' world tour secrets revealed". NME.com. August 21, 2008.
  10. ^ Power, Tony (March 1998). "Ray of Light - Blender". Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  11. ^ a b Browne, David (March 6, 1998). "Ethereal Girl". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  12. ^ a b c d e http://books.google.com/books?id=SWK8xbJMvPYC&pg=PA124&dq=%22ray+of+light%22+Q+magazine&lr=&hl=id&cd=7#v=onepage&q=%22ray%20of%20light%22%20Q%20magazine&f=false
  13. ^ a b Roland, Mark. "Review: Madonna - Ray Of Light, Maverick". Melody Maker (February 28, 1998). IPC Media: 42.
  14. ^ a b Sheffield, Rob (April 2, 1998). "Madonna: Ray of Light review". Rolling Stone. Jann S. Wener. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  15. ^ a b Cinquemani, Sal (March 9, 2003). "Madonna - Ray Of Light - Music Review". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  16. ^ Sullivan, Caroline. "Review: Madonna - Ray Of Light (WEA)". Friday Review (February 27, 1998). Guardian Media Group: 18.
  17. ^ Sarig, Roni. "Ray of Light reviews". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  18. ^ Anderman, Joan (1998-03-01) "Madonna Captures the Moment and Sees the Spiritual Light". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-06-12
  19. ^ a b c Grammy Awards Grammy Award Winners. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
  20. ^ Rolling Stone The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
  21. ^ a b c "Ray of Light(1998)". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  22. ^ Canadian Certifications Searchable Database Retrieved August 1, 2007.
  23. ^ Australian Certification Organism (year 1999) Retrieved August 1, 2007.
  24. ^ Garman certification organism Retrieved August 1, 2007.
  25. ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (1998). "Criteria" (PDF). musikindustrie.de. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  26. ^ "French sales". fanofmusic.free.fr. 2005. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
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  28. ^ a b International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (2002). "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards". ifpi.org. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  29. ^ Reporter, BBC (1998-08-15). "Madonna: mad for fame at 40". BBC. BBC Online. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
  30. ^ Singles Charts position in USA, UK, Japan, Canada and Australia. Retrieved August 1, 2007
  31. ^ USA Today. Songwriter wins case against Madonna. November 18, 2005. Retrieved May 22, 2006.
  32. ^ a b c The Official UK Charts Company Madonna — UK charts. Retrieved on August 3, 2007
  33. ^ a b "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  34. ^ a b c d e Billboard magazine Madonna — charts and awards. Retrieved on August 3, 2007. Cite error: The named reference "billboard" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  35. ^ a b "RIAA - Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  36. ^ "BBC News Entertainment". Madonna: Mad for Success at 40. August 15, 1998. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  37. ^ "Madonna - Nothing Really Matters video". MTV. MTV Networks. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  38. ^ "German Albums Chart (Search)". charts-surfer.de. 1998. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  39. ^ "Hungarian Albums Chart". Mahasz.hu. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
  40. ^ "Madonna: Discografia Italiana". Federation of the Italian Music Industry. HitParadeItalia. Retrieved 2010-05-31. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  41. ^ "レイ・オブ・ライト" (in Japanese). Oricon. 1998-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  42. ^ a b Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 8480486392. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Missing pipe in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  43. ^ Every Hit (1998). "UK Albums Chart". everyhit.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  44. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino". Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  45. ^ Australian Recording Industry Association (1999). "ARIA Charts — Accreditations". aria.com.au. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  46. ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (December 16, 1999). "Austrian certification (search)". ifpi.at. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  47. ^ Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (2003). "Brazilian certification (search)". abpd.org.br. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  48. ^ Canadian Recording Industry Association (December 21, 1999). "Canadian certification (search)". cria.ca. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  49. ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (Week 35, 2006). "Danish certification". ifpi.fi. Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  50. ^ http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/artistit/madonna
  51. ^ http://www.infodisc.fr/Certif_Album.php
  52. ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (2000). "German certification". musikindustrie.de. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  53. ^ NVPI (1998). "Dutch certification (search)". nvpi.nl. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  54. ^ Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (June 27, 1999). "RIANZ (select 'Chart #1165 - Sunday 27 June 1999' and 'Top 50 Albums Chart' from drop-down lists)". rianz.org.nz. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  55. ^ Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (October 3, 1999). "RIANZ (select "'Chart #1179 - Sunday 3 October 1999' and 'Top 50 Albums Chart' from drop-down lists)". rianz.org.nz. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  56. ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (1999). "Norwegian certification (search)". ifpi.no. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  57. ^ Polish Producers of Audio and Video (1998). "Polish certification". ifpi.no. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  58. ^ "Russian certification". 2m-online.ru. 1998. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  59. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Swiss Music Charts. 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
  60. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #9362 46847 4 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  61. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #9362 46847 8 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  62. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #9 46847-2, 9 46847-2Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  63. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #9 46884-2 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  64. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #WPCR-2000 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  65. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light / Words + Music #WPCR-10556/7 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  66. ^ Madonna - Ray Of Light #WPJR-2003/4 Discogs. Retrieved July 23, 2009.

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