Pure Food and Drug Act: Difference between revisions
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==Labeling of Habit-Forming Drugs== |
==Labeling of Habit-Forming Drugs== |
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The Pure Food and Drug Act required that certain specified drugs, including [[alcohol]], [[cocaine]], [[heroin]], [[morphine]], and [[cannabis]], be accurately labeled with contents and dosage. Previously many drugs had been sold as [[patent medicines]] with secret ingredients or misleading labels. Cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and other such drugs continued to be legally available without prescription as long as they were labeled. It is estimated that sale of patent medicines containing [[opiates]] decreased by 33% after labeling was mandated.<ref>{{cite book |
The Pure Food and Drug Act required that certain specified drugs, including [[alcohol]], [[cocaine]], [[heroin]], [[morphine]], and [[cannabis]], be accurately labeled with contents and dosage. Previously many drugs had been sold as [[patent medicines]] with secret ingredients or misleading labels. Cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and other such drugs continued to be legally available without prescription as long as they were labeled. It is estimated that sale of patent medicines containing [[opiates]] decreased by 33% after labeling was mandated.<ref>{{cite book |
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==Coca-Cola== |
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Revision as of 14:11, 30 September 2010
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| Long title | Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 |
|---|---|
| Enacted by | the 59th United States Congress |
| Effective | January 01, 1907 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 59-384 |
| Statutes at Large | 34 Stat. 768 |
| Legislative history | |
| |
| Major United States federal drug control laws |
|---|
| 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Regulates labeling of products containing certain drugs including cocaine and heroin |
| 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act |
| Regulates opiates and cocaine |
| 1937 Marihuana Tax Act |
| Required taxation of marijuana |
| 1919 Volstead Act |
| Implemented 18th Amendment establishing alcohol prohibition in the United States |
| 1933 Blaine Act |
| Alcohol prohibition repealed via 21st Amendment Repeal of Prohibition in the United States |
| 1942 Opium Poppy Control Act |
| Regulated the growth of the opium poppy and prohibited private cultivation in most states. |
| 1961 Convention on Narcotics |
| Treaty to control marijuana |
| 1970 Controlled Substances Act |
| Scheduling list for drugs |
The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines.[1] The Act arose due to public education and exposés from Muckrakers such as Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams, social activist Florence Kelley, researcher Harvey W. Wiley, and President Theodore Roosevelt.
Labeling of Habit-Forming Drugs
The Pure Food and Drug Act required that certain specified drugs, including alcohol, cocaine, heroin, morphine, and cannabis, be accurately labeled with contents and dosage. Previously many drugs had been sold as patent medicines with secret ingredients or misleading labels. Cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and other such drugs continued to be legally available without prescription as long as they were labeled. It is estimated that sale of patent medicines containing opiates decreased by 33% after labeling was mandated.[2] The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 is cited by drug policy reform advocates such as James P. Gray as a successful model for re-legalization of currently prohibited drugs by requiring accurate labels, monitoring of purity and dose, and consumer education.[3]
Coca-Cola
The Pure Food and Drug Act was initially concerned with ensuring products were labeled correctly. Later efforts were made to outlaw certain products that were not safe, followed by efforts to outlaw products which were safe but not effective. For example, an attempt to outlaw Coca-Cola in 1909 because of its excessive caffeine; caffeine replaced cocaine as the active ingredient in coca-cola in 1903. In the case United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, the judge found that Coca-Cola had a right to use caffeine as it saw fit, although excessive litigation costs caused Coca-Cola to settle out of court with the United States Government. The caffeine amount was reduced.
Food and Drug Administration
The 1906 Act paved the way for the eventual creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is generally considered to be that agency's founding date, though the agency existed before the law was passed and was not named FDA until later. The law itself was largely replaced by the much more comprehensive Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938.
See also
- Food Administration
- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
- Food Quality Protection Act
- Meat Inspection Act
Further reading
- Barkan, I. D. (1985 January;). "Industry invites regulation: the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906". American Journal of Public Health. 75 (1): 18–26. doi:10.2105/AJPH.75.1.18. PMC 1646146. PMID 3881052.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - The State Of Connecticut. Connecticut Agricultural & Experiment Station Annual Reports. New Haven.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) For years preceding and following passage of the Act: - Dunn, Arthur Wallace (1911). "Dr. Wiley And Pure Food, First Article: A Twenty-Year's Fight, The Long Struggle Against "Influence" To Enact The Law, The Harder Struggle To Enforce It, An Amazing Story of Obstruction". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XXII: 14958–14965.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); External link in|title=|month=ignored (help) - Dunn, Arthur Wallace (1911). "Dr. Wiley And Pure Food, Second Article: The Chief Of The Bureau Of Chemistry As Washington Knows Him". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XXIII: 29–40.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); External link in|title=|month=ignored (help) - Greeley, Arthur Philip (1907). The Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906: A Study with Text of the Act, Annotated, the Rules and Regulations for the Enforcement of the Act, Food Inspection, Decisions and Official Food Standards. Washington, D.C.: J. Byrne & Company.
References
- ^ Ayers, Edward A. (1907). "What The Food Law Saves Us From: Adulterations, Substitutions, Chemical Dyes, and Other Evils". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XIV: 9316–9322.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); External link in|title=|month=ignored (help) - ^ Musto and then they got high on crack, David F. (1999 (3rd edition)). The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195125096.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ Gray, James P. (2001). Why our drug laws have failed and what we can do about it: a judicial indictment of the War on Drugs. Temple University Press. ISBN 9781566398602.
External links
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