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Public health laboratory

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Public health laboratories (PHLs) or National Public Health Laboratories (NPHL) are governmental reference laboratories that protect the public against diseases and other health hazards. The 2005 International Health Regulations came into force in June 2007, with 196 binding countries that recognised that certain public health incidents, extending beyond disease, ought to be designated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as they pose a significant global threat. The PHLs serve as national hazard detection centres, and forward these concerns to the World Health Organization.

International accreditation

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In 2007, Haim Hacham et al. published a paper addressing the need for and the process of international standardised accreditation for laboratory proficiency in Israel.[1] With similar efforts, both the Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment (JAB) and the European Communities Confederation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EC4) have validated and convened ISO 15189 Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence, respectively.[2][3]

In 2006, Spitzenberger and Edelhäuser expressed concerns that ISO accreditation may include obstacles arising from new emerging medical devices and the new approach of assessment; in so doing, they indicate the time dependence of standards.[4]

Africa

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Canada

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Europe

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United Kingdom

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The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) was established as part of the National Health Service in 1946. An Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service was established in 1940 as a response to the threat of bacteriological warfare. There was originally a central laboratory at Colindale and a network of regional and local laboratories. By 1955 there were about 1000 staff. These laboratories were primarily preventive with an epidemiological focus. They were, however, in some places located with hospital laboratories which had a diagnostic focus.[6]

The PHLS was replaced by the Health Protection Agency in 2003;[citation needed] the HPA was disbanded and in its stead was constituted Public Health England, which later became the UK Health Security Agency in 2021.

United States

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United States laboratory networks and organizations

US State Public Health Laboratories

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State Public Health Laboratories in the United States
Public Health Laboratory State
Alabama Bureau of Clinical Laboratories Alabama
Alaska Division of Public Health Laboratory Alaska
American Samoa Health Department Laboratory American Samoa
Arizona Bureau of State Laboratory Services Arizona
Arkansas Public Health Laboratory Arkansas
California Department of Public Health Laboratory California
Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment Colorado
Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation Northern Mariana Islands
Delaware Public Health Laboratory Delaware
District of Columbia Public Health Laboratory District of Columbia
Dr. Katherine A. Kelley Public Health Laboratory Connecticut
Florida Bureau of Public Health Laboratories Florida
Georgia Public Health Laboratory Georgia
Guam Public Health Laboratory Guam
Hawaii State Laboratories Division Hawaii
Idaho Bureau of Laboratories Idaho
Illinois Department of Public Health Laboratory Illinois
Indiana Public Health Laboratory Indiana
Kansas Health & Environmental Laboratories Kansas
Kentucky Division of Laboratory Service Kentucky
Louisiana Public Health Laboratory Louisiana
Maine State Health & Environmental Testing Laboratory Maine
Maryland Laboratories Administration Maryland
Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory Massachusetts
Michigan Public Health Laboratory Michigan
Minnesota Public Health Laboratory Division Minnesota
Mississippi Public Health Laboratory Mississippi
Missouri State Public Health Laboratory Missouri
Montana Laboratory Services Bureau Montana
Nebraska Public Health Laboratory Nebraska
Nevada State Public Health Laboratory Nevada
New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories New Hampshire
New Jersey Division of Public Health & Environmental Laboratories New Jersey
New Mexico Department of Health New Mexico
North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health North Carolina
North Dakota Division of Laboratory Services North Dakota
Ohio Department of Health Laboratories Ohio
Oklahoma Public Health Laboratory Oklahoma
Oregon State Public Health Laboratory Oregon
Pennsylvania State Public Health Laboratory Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico Public Health Laboratory Puerto Rico
Rhode Island State Health Laboratory Rhode Island
South Carolina Bureau of Laboratories South Carolina
South Dakota Public Health Laboratory South Dakota
State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa Iowa
Tennessee Department of Health Laboratory Services Tennessee
Texas Department of State Health Services Texas
Unified Utah State Laboratories: Public Health Utah
United States Virgin Islands Department of Health U.S. Virgin Islands
Vermont Department of Health Laboratory Vermont
Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services Virginia
Wadsworth Center New York
Washington Public Health Laboratories Washington
West Virginia Department of Health & Human Services West Virginia
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene Wisconsin
Wyoming Public Health Laboratory Wyoming

US City and County Public Health Laboratories

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City and County Public Health Laboratories in the United States
Public Health Laboratory State
Alameda County Public Health Laboratory CA
Allegheny County Health Department Public Health Laboratory PA
Brazos County Health District TX
Butte County Public Health Laboratory CA
Chicago Department of Public Health Laboratory IL
City of Laredo Public Health Laboratory TX
Contra Costa Regional Public Health Laboratory CA
Corpus Christi - Nueces County Health Department Lab TX
Dallas County Health and Human Services TX
Denver Public Health Laboratory CO
Eau Claire City-County Health Department WI
El Paso City Department of Health Laboratory TX
El Paso County Department of Health and Environment CO
Erie County Public Health Laboratory NY
Fairfax County Health Department Laboratory VA
Fresno County Public Health Laboratory CA
Genesee and Orleans County Health Department Laboratory NY
Houston Public Health Laboratory TX
Humboldt County Public Health Laboratory CA
Kalamazoo County Health and Community Services, Public Health Laboratory MI
Kern County Department of Public Health Laboratory CA
Kings County Public Health Laboratory CA
Lane County Department of Health and Human Services OR
Laredo City Health Department TX
LMAS Regional Laboratory KY
Long Beach Public Health Laboratory CA
Los Angeles County Public Health Laboratory CA
Los Angeles County Public Health Laboratory CA
Louisville Metro Health Department Laboratory KY
Madera County Department of Public Health Laboratory CA
Marion County Health Department Public Health Laboratory IN
Merced County Public Health Laboratory CA
Milwaukee City Health Department Bureau of Laboratories WI
Monterey County Health Department Laboratory CA
Napa-Solano-Yolo-Marin-Mendocino County Public Health Laboratory CA
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Laboratories NY
Orange County Public Health Laboratory CA
Philadelphia Public Health Laboratories PA
Public Health Laboratory of East Texas TX
Public Health Laboratory of Northwest Michigan MI
Riverside University Health System Public Health Laboratory CA
Sacramento County Public Health Laboratory CA
Saginaw County Department of Public Health Laboratory MI
San Antonio Metro Health District Laboratory TX
San Bernardino County Public Health Laboratory CA
San Diego County Public Health Laboratory CA
San Francisco Public Health Laboratory CA
San Joaquin Public Health Services, Public Health Laboratory CA
San Jose - Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility Laboratory CA
San Luis Obispo County Public Health Department CA
San Mateo County Public Health Department CA
Santa Barbara County Public Health Laboratory CA
Santa Clara County Public Health Laboratory CA
Santa Cruz Public Health Laboratory CA
Seattle - King County Public Health Laboratory WA
Sonoma County Public Health Laboratory CA
Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory NV
St. Louis County Environmental Health Laboratory MO
Tarrant County Public Health Laboratory TX
Texas Tech University Bioterrorism Response Laboratory TX
Tulare County Public Health Laboratory CA
Ventura County Public Health Laboratory CA
Western Upper Peninsula Health Department MI

US State Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories

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US Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories
Laboratory State
Alaska Environmental Health Laboratory Alaska
California Department of Toxic Substances Control California
Colorado Department of Agriculture Laboratory Colorado
Florida Bureau of Food Laboratories Florida
Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Laboratories Kansas
Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Kansas
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Massachusetts
Minnesota Department of Agriculture Laboratory Minnesota
Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory Mississippi
Nebraska Public Health Environmental Laboratory Nebraska
New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets New York
North Carolina Department of Agriculture North Carolina
Ohio EPA - Division of Environmental Services Ohio
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality Oklahoma
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Laboratory Services Oregon
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Laboratory Oregon
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Food Safety and Laboratory Services - Laboratory Division Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Laboratories Pennsylvania
Washington State Department of Agriculture Microbiology Laboratory Washington
West Virginia Department of Agriculture West Virginia
Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Analytical Services Wyoming

Other international laboratory networks

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hacham, Haim; Tetro, Nurit; Kochavi-Azolai, Salit; Stern, Nava; Mizrahi, Dana; Lisenker, Anna; Gazit, Emanuel; et al. (2007). "Unification of the quality assurance systems of public health laboratories conformed to ISO 17025, ISO 15189, and ISO 9000: a major organizational change". Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 12 (8). Elsevier: 409–413. doi:10.1007/s00769-007-0262-9. S2CID 111340137.
  2. ^ Aoyagi T, Kawai T (May 2006). "[Validation of the ISO 15189 trial assessment results of clinical laboratories--effects of accreditation and interpretation of ISO 15189]". Rinsho Byori (in Japanese). 54 (5): 486–93. PMID 16789419.
  3. ^ Huisman W, Horvath AR, Burnett D, et al. (2007). "Accreditation of medical laboratories in the European Union". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 45 (2): 268–75. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2007.037. hdl:11577/1775503. PMID 17311523. S2CID 8175030.
  4. ^ Spitzenberger F, Edelhäuser R (2006). "Accreditation of Medical Laboratories in Europe: Statutory Framework, Current Situation and Perspectives". Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. 33 (5). S. Karger AG: 384–92. doi:10.1159/000094738.
  5. ^ "National Reference Laboratories at the BVL". Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. n.d.
  6. ^ Webster, Charles (1988). The Health Services Since the War. HMSO. ISBN 0-11-630942-3.